Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis

The mitochondrion represents a compelling biological model of complex organelle development driven by evolutionary modification of permanently enslaved primordial purple non-sulphur bacteria. As an evolutionary modification, the dynamic nature of the mitochondrion has been observed to exhibit bioche...
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Autor*in:	GB Stefano [verfasserIn] KJ Mantione [verfasserIn] FM Casares [verfasserIn] RM Kream1 [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2015

Schlagwörter:	anaerobic respiration; anaerobic mitochondria; opines; Mytilus edulis; mollusc

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Invertebrate Survival Journal - University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 2020, 12(2015), Seite 22-28
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2015 ; pages:22-28

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ068365047

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520			\|a The mitochondrion represents a compelling biological model of complex organelle development driven by evolutionary modification of permanently enslaved primordial purple non-sulphur bacteria. As an evolutionary modification, the dynamic nature of the mitochondrion has been observed to exhibit biochemical and functional variation, including the capacity for energy production driven by anaerobic respiratory mechanisms. In invertebrates, mitochondrial anaerobic respiration allows the organism to survive at a lower energy state while yielding more ATP than can be achieved by glycolysis alone. Furthermore, a preferred physiological state of lower energy production operationally yields diminished free radical generation, thereby offering a protective existential advantage. It has been established that energy production by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is functionally dependent on anaerobic respiratory mechanisms within the mitochondrion. Importantly, under hypoxic conditions metabolic pathways in M. edulis have been demonstrated to synthesize and utilize amino acid adducts termed opines as chemically defined energy reserves. In addition to the utilization of opines as anaerobic metabolic intermediates by invertebrate organisms, opines were also discovered and characterized as metabolic intermediates in plant parasites, specifically crown gall tumors. A careful review of the biomedical literature indicates mechanistic similarities between anaerobically functioning mitochondria in M. edulis and crown gall tissues and metabolic processes in human tumors. The anaerobically functioning mitochondrion in M. edulis tissues is a potentially valuable high resolution model system for development of novel anticancer therapeutic agents.
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allfields	(DE-627)DOAJ068365047 (DE-599)DOAJb6128eb877e54617a4134c91a5afc991 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 GB Stefano verfasserin aut Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The mitochondrion represents a compelling biological model of complex organelle development driven by evolutionary modification of permanently enslaved primordial purple non-sulphur bacteria. As an evolutionary modification, the dynamic nature of the mitochondrion has been observed to exhibit biochemical and functional variation, including the capacity for energy production driven by anaerobic respiratory mechanisms. In invertebrates, mitochondrial anaerobic respiration allows the organism to survive at a lower energy state while yielding more ATP than can be achieved by glycolysis alone. Furthermore, a preferred physiological state of lower energy production operationally yields diminished free radical generation, thereby offering a protective existential advantage. It has been established that energy production by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is functionally dependent on anaerobic respiratory mechanisms within the mitochondrion. Importantly, under hypoxic conditions metabolic pathways in M. edulis have been demonstrated to synthesize and utilize amino acid adducts termed opines as chemically defined energy reserves. In addition to the utilization of opines as anaerobic metabolic intermediates by invertebrate organisms, opines were also discovered and characterized as metabolic intermediates in plant parasites, specifically crown gall tumors. A careful review of the biomedical literature indicates mechanistic similarities between anaerobically functioning mitochondria in M. edulis and crown gall tissues and metabolic processes in human tumors. The anaerobically functioning mitochondrion in M. edulis tissues is a potentially valuable high resolution model system for development of novel anticancer therapeutic agents. anaerobic respiration; anaerobic mitochondria; opines; Mytilus edulis; mollusc Biology (General) KJ Mantione verfasserin aut FM Casares verfasserin aut RM Kream1 verfasserin aut In Invertebrate Survival Journal University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 2020 12(2015), Seite 22-28 (DE-627)392233541 (DE-600)2156598-3 1824307X nnns volume:12 year:2015 pages:22-28 https://doaj.org/article/b6128eb877e54617a4134c91a5afc991 kostenfrei http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ360.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1824-307X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2015 22-28
spelling	(DE-627)DOAJ068365047 (DE-599)DOAJb6128eb877e54617a4134c91a5afc991 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 GB Stefano verfasserin aut Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The mitochondrion represents a compelling biological model of complex organelle development driven by evolutionary modification of permanently enslaved primordial purple non-sulphur bacteria. As an evolutionary modification, the dynamic nature of the mitochondrion has been observed to exhibit biochemical and functional variation, including the capacity for energy production driven by anaerobic respiratory mechanisms. In invertebrates, mitochondrial anaerobic respiration allows the organism to survive at a lower energy state while yielding more ATP than can be achieved by glycolysis alone. Furthermore, a preferred physiological state of lower energy production operationally yields diminished free radical generation, thereby offering a protective existential advantage. It has been established that energy production by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is functionally dependent on anaerobic respiratory mechanisms within the mitochondrion. Importantly, under hypoxic conditions metabolic pathways in M. edulis have been demonstrated to synthesize and utilize amino acid adducts termed opines as chemically defined energy reserves. In addition to the utilization of opines as anaerobic metabolic intermediates by invertebrate organisms, opines were also discovered and characterized as metabolic intermediates in plant parasites, specifically crown gall tumors. A careful review of the biomedical literature indicates mechanistic similarities between anaerobically functioning mitochondria in M. edulis and crown gall tissues and metabolic processes in human tumors. The anaerobically functioning mitochondrion in M. edulis tissues is a potentially valuable high resolution model system for development of novel anticancer therapeutic agents. anaerobic respiration; anaerobic mitochondria; opines; Mytilus edulis; mollusc Biology (General) KJ Mantione verfasserin aut FM Casares verfasserin aut RM Kream1 verfasserin aut In Invertebrate Survival Journal University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 2020 12(2015), Seite 22-28 (DE-627)392233541 (DE-600)2156598-3 1824307X nnns volume:12 year:2015 pages:22-28 https://doaj.org/article/b6128eb877e54617a4134c91a5afc991 kostenfrei http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ360.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1824-307X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2015 22-28
allfields_unstemmed	(DE-627)DOAJ068365047 (DE-599)DOAJb6128eb877e54617a4134c91a5afc991 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 GB Stefano verfasserin aut Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The mitochondrion represents a compelling biological model of complex organelle development driven by evolutionary modification of permanently enslaved primordial purple non-sulphur bacteria. As an evolutionary modification, the dynamic nature of the mitochondrion has been observed to exhibit biochemical and functional variation, including the capacity for energy production driven by anaerobic respiratory mechanisms. In invertebrates, mitochondrial anaerobic respiration allows the organism to survive at a lower energy state while yielding more ATP than can be achieved by glycolysis alone. Furthermore, a preferred physiological state of lower energy production operationally yields diminished free radical generation, thereby offering a protective existential advantage. It has been established that energy production by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is functionally dependent on anaerobic respiratory mechanisms within the mitochondrion. Importantly, under hypoxic conditions metabolic pathways in M. edulis have been demonstrated to synthesize and utilize amino acid adducts termed opines as chemically defined energy reserves. In addition to the utilization of opines as anaerobic metabolic intermediates by invertebrate organisms, opines were also discovered and characterized as metabolic intermediates in plant parasites, specifically crown gall tumors. A careful review of the biomedical literature indicates mechanistic similarities between anaerobically functioning mitochondria in M. edulis and crown gall tissues and metabolic processes in human tumors. The anaerobically functioning mitochondrion in M. edulis tissues is a potentially valuable high resolution model system for development of novel anticancer therapeutic agents. anaerobic respiration; anaerobic mitochondria; opines; Mytilus edulis; mollusc Biology (General) KJ Mantione verfasserin aut FM Casares verfasserin aut RM Kream1 verfasserin aut In Invertebrate Survival Journal University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 2020 12(2015), Seite 22-28 (DE-627)392233541 (DE-600)2156598-3 1824307X nnns volume:12 year:2015 pages:22-28 https://doaj.org/article/b6128eb877e54617a4134c91a5afc991 kostenfrei http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ360.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1824-307X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2015 22-28
allfieldsGer	(DE-627)DOAJ068365047 (DE-599)DOAJb6128eb877e54617a4134c91a5afc991 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 GB Stefano verfasserin aut Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The mitochondrion represents a compelling biological model of complex organelle development driven by evolutionary modification of permanently enslaved primordial purple non-sulphur bacteria. As an evolutionary modification, the dynamic nature of the mitochondrion has been observed to exhibit biochemical and functional variation, including the capacity for energy production driven by anaerobic respiratory mechanisms. In invertebrates, mitochondrial anaerobic respiration allows the organism to survive at a lower energy state while yielding more ATP than can be achieved by glycolysis alone. Furthermore, a preferred physiological state of lower energy production operationally yields diminished free radical generation, thereby offering a protective existential advantage. It has been established that energy production by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is functionally dependent on anaerobic respiratory mechanisms within the mitochondrion. Importantly, under hypoxic conditions metabolic pathways in M. edulis have been demonstrated to synthesize and utilize amino acid adducts termed opines as chemically defined energy reserves. In addition to the utilization of opines as anaerobic metabolic intermediates by invertebrate organisms, opines were also discovered and characterized as metabolic intermediates in plant parasites, specifically crown gall tumors. A careful review of the biomedical literature indicates mechanistic similarities between anaerobically functioning mitochondria in M. edulis and crown gall tissues and metabolic processes in human tumors. The anaerobically functioning mitochondrion in M. edulis tissues is a potentially valuable high resolution model system for development of novel anticancer therapeutic agents. anaerobic respiration; anaerobic mitochondria; opines; Mytilus edulis; mollusc Biology (General) KJ Mantione verfasserin aut FM Casares verfasserin aut RM Kream1 verfasserin aut In Invertebrate Survival Journal University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 2020 12(2015), Seite 22-28 (DE-627)392233541 (DE-600)2156598-3 1824307X nnns volume:12 year:2015 pages:22-28 https://doaj.org/article/b6128eb877e54617a4134c91a5afc991 kostenfrei http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ360.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1824-307X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2015 22-28
allfieldsSound	(DE-627)DOAJ068365047 (DE-599)DOAJb6128eb877e54617a4134c91a5afc991 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 GB Stefano verfasserin aut Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The mitochondrion represents a compelling biological model of complex organelle development driven by evolutionary modification of permanently enslaved primordial purple non-sulphur bacteria. As an evolutionary modification, the dynamic nature of the mitochondrion has been observed to exhibit biochemical and functional variation, including the capacity for energy production driven by anaerobic respiratory mechanisms. In invertebrates, mitochondrial anaerobic respiration allows the organism to survive at a lower energy state while yielding more ATP than can be achieved by glycolysis alone. Furthermore, a preferred physiological state of lower energy production operationally yields diminished free radical generation, thereby offering a protective existential advantage. It has been established that energy production by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is functionally dependent on anaerobic respiratory mechanisms within the mitochondrion. Importantly, under hypoxic conditions metabolic pathways in M. edulis have been demonstrated to synthesize and utilize amino acid adducts termed opines as chemically defined energy reserves. In addition to the utilization of opines as anaerobic metabolic intermediates by invertebrate organisms, opines were also discovered and characterized as metabolic intermediates in plant parasites, specifically crown gall tumors. A careful review of the biomedical literature indicates mechanistic similarities between anaerobically functioning mitochondria in M. edulis and crown gall tissues and metabolic processes in human tumors. The anaerobically functioning mitochondrion in M. edulis tissues is a potentially valuable high resolution model system for development of novel anticancer therapeutic agents. anaerobic respiration; anaerobic mitochondria; opines; Mytilus edulis; mollusc Biology (General) KJ Mantione verfasserin aut FM Casares verfasserin aut RM Kream1 verfasserin aut In Invertebrate Survival Journal University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 2020 12(2015), Seite 22-28 (DE-627)392233541 (DE-600)2156598-3 1824307X nnns volume:12 year:2015 pages:22-28 https://doaj.org/article/b6128eb877e54617a4134c91a5afc991 kostenfrei http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ360.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1824-307X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2015 22-28
language	English
source	In Invertebrate Survival Journal 12(2015), Seite 22-28 volume:12 year:2015 pages:22-28
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topic_facet	anaerobic respiration; anaerobic mitochondria; opines; Mytilus edulis; mollusc Biology (General)
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author	GB Stefano
spellingShingle	GB Stefano misc QH301-705.5 misc anaerobic respiration; anaerobic mitochondria; opines; Mytilus edulis; mollusc misc Biology (General) Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis
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topic_title	QH301-705.5 Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis anaerobic respiration; anaerobic mitochondria; opines; Mytilus edulis; mollusc
topic	misc QH301-705.5 misc anaerobic respiration; anaerobic mitochondria; opines; Mytilus edulis; mollusc misc Biology (General)
topic_unstemmed	misc QH301-705.5 misc anaerobic respiration; anaerobic mitochondria; opines; Mytilus edulis; mollusc misc Biology (General)
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title	Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis
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title_full	Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis
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title_sort	anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in mytilus edulis
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title_auth	Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis
abstract	The mitochondrion represents a compelling biological model of complex organelle development driven by evolutionary modification of permanently enslaved primordial purple non-sulphur bacteria. As an evolutionary modification, the dynamic nature of the mitochondrion has been observed to exhibit biochemical and functional variation, including the capacity for energy production driven by anaerobic respiratory mechanisms. In invertebrates, mitochondrial anaerobic respiration allows the organism to survive at a lower energy state while yielding more ATP than can be achieved by glycolysis alone. Furthermore, a preferred physiological state of lower energy production operationally yields diminished free radical generation, thereby offering a protective existential advantage. It has been established that energy production by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is functionally dependent on anaerobic respiratory mechanisms within the mitochondrion. Importantly, under hypoxic conditions metabolic pathways in M. edulis have been demonstrated to synthesize and utilize amino acid adducts termed opines as chemically defined energy reserves. In addition to the utilization of opines as anaerobic metabolic intermediates by invertebrate organisms, opines were also discovered and characterized as metabolic intermediates in plant parasites, specifically crown gall tumors. A careful review of the biomedical literature indicates mechanistic similarities between anaerobically functioning mitochondria in M. edulis and crown gall tissues and metabolic processes in human tumors. The anaerobically functioning mitochondrion in M. edulis tissues is a potentially valuable high resolution model system for development of novel anticancer therapeutic agents.
abstractGer	The mitochondrion represents a compelling biological model of complex organelle development driven by evolutionary modification of permanently enslaved primordial purple non-sulphur bacteria. As an evolutionary modification, the dynamic nature of the mitochondrion has been observed to exhibit biochemical and functional variation, including the capacity for energy production driven by anaerobic respiratory mechanisms. In invertebrates, mitochondrial anaerobic respiration allows the organism to survive at a lower energy state while yielding more ATP than can be achieved by glycolysis alone. Furthermore, a preferred physiological state of lower energy production operationally yields diminished free radical generation, thereby offering a protective existential advantage. It has been established that energy production by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is functionally dependent on anaerobic respiratory mechanisms within the mitochondrion. Importantly, under hypoxic conditions metabolic pathways in M. edulis have been demonstrated to synthesize and utilize amino acid adducts termed opines as chemically defined energy reserves. In addition to the utilization of opines as anaerobic metabolic intermediates by invertebrate organisms, opines were also discovered and characterized as metabolic intermediates in plant parasites, specifically crown gall tumors. A careful review of the biomedical literature indicates mechanistic similarities between anaerobically functioning mitochondria in M. edulis and crown gall tissues and metabolic processes in human tumors. The anaerobically functioning mitochondrion in M. edulis tissues is a potentially valuable high resolution model system for development of novel anticancer therapeutic agents.
abstract_unstemmed	The mitochondrion represents a compelling biological model of complex organelle development driven by evolutionary modification of permanently enslaved primordial purple non-sulphur bacteria. As an evolutionary modification, the dynamic nature of the mitochondrion has been observed to exhibit biochemical and functional variation, including the capacity for energy production driven by anaerobic respiratory mechanisms. In invertebrates, mitochondrial anaerobic respiration allows the organism to survive at a lower energy state while yielding more ATP than can be achieved by glycolysis alone. Furthermore, a preferred physiological state of lower energy production operationally yields diminished free radical generation, thereby offering a protective existential advantage. It has been established that energy production by the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is functionally dependent on anaerobic respiratory mechanisms within the mitochondrion. Importantly, under hypoxic conditions metabolic pathways in M. edulis have been demonstrated to synthesize and utilize amino acid adducts termed opines as chemically defined energy reserves. In addition to the utilization of opines as anaerobic metabolic intermediates by invertebrate organisms, opines were also discovered and characterized as metabolic intermediates in plant parasites, specifically crown gall tumors. A careful review of the biomedical literature indicates mechanistic similarities between anaerobically functioning mitochondria in M. edulis and crown gall tissues and metabolic processes in human tumors. The anaerobically functioning mitochondrion in M. edulis tissues is a potentially valuable high resolution model system for development of novel anticancer therapeutic agents.
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title_short	Anaerobically functioning mitochondria: evolutionary perspective on modulation of energy metabolism in Mytilus edulis
url	https://doaj.org/article/b6128eb877e54617a4134c91a5afc991 http://www.isj.unimo.it/articoli/ISJ360.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1824-307X
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