A Division-Free and Variable-Regularized LMS-Based Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Beamforming and Its Efficient Hardware Realization

This paper proposes a new division-free generalized sidelobe canceller-based adaptive beamformer and its efficient hardware realization. A discrete cosine transform-based blocking matrix is proposed for uniform linear array to decorrelate the input so as to achieve a faster convergence speed. A new...
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Autor*in:	W. Zhao [verfasserIn] J. Q. Lin [verfasserIn] S. C. Chan [verfasserIn] H. K.-H. So [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	Array processing adaptive beamformer variable step-size variable regularization approximation division-free

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: IEEE Access - IEEE, 2014, 6(2018), Seite 64470-64485
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:6 ; year:2018 ; pages:64470-64485

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875409

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ068484615

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allfields_unstemmed	10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875409 doi (DE-627)DOAJ068484615 (DE-599)DOAJ2766afafa1234a64ba88e80114d5b4c4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK1-9971 W. Zhao verfasserin aut A Division-Free and Variable-Regularized LMS-Based Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Beamforming and Its Efficient Hardware Realization 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This paper proposes a new division-free generalized sidelobe canceller-based adaptive beamformer and its efficient hardware realization. A discrete cosine transform-based blocking matrix is proposed for uniform linear array to decorrelate the input so as to achieve a faster convergence speed. A new variable step-size least mean squares algorithm for complex input is proposed to further improve the convergence and the steady-state performance of the adaptive beamformer. Moreover, a variable regularization scheme is incorporated to mitigate possible signal cancellation due to possible mismatches in steering vector. Furthermore, a statistical analysis on the mean and mean squares convergence of the algorithm is performed and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. An efficient architecture of the proposed adaptive beamformer is also proposed for its real-time implementation. It employs a novel division-free approach by quantizing the normalization factor into a limited number of levels so that the division can be implemented using canonical signed digits, resulting in multiplier-less realization. The performance of the resultant division-free implementation can achieve similar convergence and steady-state performance as a conventional divider approach while achieving at least 21% less hardware resources and 26.85% higher operating speed in Xilinx Virtex7 (XC7VX330T) field programming gate array for an eight-sensor uniform linear array. Finally, the beam can be stabilized remarkably in only 1 μs at a system clock frequency of 124 MHz. Array processing adaptive beamformer variable step-size variable regularization approximation division-free Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering J. Q. Lin verfasserin aut S. C. Chan verfasserin aut H. K.-H. So verfasserin aut In IEEE Access IEEE, 2014 6(2018), Seite 64470-64485 (DE-627)728440385 (DE-600)2687964-5 21693536 nnns volume:6 year:2018 pages:64470-64485 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875409 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2766afafa1234a64ba88e80114d5b4c4 kostenfrei https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8489911/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2018 64470-64485
allfieldsGer	10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875409 doi (DE-627)DOAJ068484615 (DE-599)DOAJ2766afafa1234a64ba88e80114d5b4c4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK1-9971 W. Zhao verfasserin aut A Division-Free and Variable-Regularized LMS-Based Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Beamforming and Its Efficient Hardware Realization 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This paper proposes a new division-free generalized sidelobe canceller-based adaptive beamformer and its efficient hardware realization. A discrete cosine transform-based blocking matrix is proposed for uniform linear array to decorrelate the input so as to achieve a faster convergence speed. A new variable step-size least mean squares algorithm for complex input is proposed to further improve the convergence and the steady-state performance of the adaptive beamformer. Moreover, a variable regularization scheme is incorporated to mitigate possible signal cancellation due to possible mismatches in steering vector. Furthermore, a statistical analysis on the mean and mean squares convergence of the algorithm is performed and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. An efficient architecture of the proposed adaptive beamformer is also proposed for its real-time implementation. It employs a novel division-free approach by quantizing the normalization factor into a limited number of levels so that the division can be implemented using canonical signed digits, resulting in multiplier-less realization. The performance of the resultant division-free implementation can achieve similar convergence and steady-state performance as a conventional divider approach while achieving at least 21% less hardware resources and 26.85% higher operating speed in Xilinx Virtex7 (XC7VX330T) field programming gate array for an eight-sensor uniform linear array. Finally, the beam can be stabilized remarkably in only 1 μs at a system clock frequency of 124 MHz. Array processing adaptive beamformer variable step-size variable regularization approximation division-free Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering J. Q. Lin verfasserin aut S. C. Chan verfasserin aut H. K.-H. So verfasserin aut In IEEE Access IEEE, 2014 6(2018), Seite 64470-64485 (DE-627)728440385 (DE-600)2687964-5 21693536 nnns volume:6 year:2018 pages:64470-64485 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875409 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2766afafa1234a64ba88e80114d5b4c4 kostenfrei https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8489911/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2018 64470-64485
allfieldsSound	10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875409 doi (DE-627)DOAJ068484615 (DE-599)DOAJ2766afafa1234a64ba88e80114d5b4c4 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK1-9971 W. Zhao verfasserin aut A Division-Free and Variable-Regularized LMS-Based Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Beamforming and Its Efficient Hardware Realization 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This paper proposes a new division-free generalized sidelobe canceller-based adaptive beamformer and its efficient hardware realization. A discrete cosine transform-based blocking matrix is proposed for uniform linear array to decorrelate the input so as to achieve a faster convergence speed. A new variable step-size least mean squares algorithm for complex input is proposed to further improve the convergence and the steady-state performance of the adaptive beamformer. Moreover, a variable regularization scheme is incorporated to mitigate possible signal cancellation due to possible mismatches in steering vector. Furthermore, a statistical analysis on the mean and mean squares convergence of the algorithm is performed and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. An efficient architecture of the proposed adaptive beamformer is also proposed for its real-time implementation. It employs a novel division-free approach by quantizing the normalization factor into a limited number of levels so that the division can be implemented using canonical signed digits, resulting in multiplier-less realization. The performance of the resultant division-free implementation can achieve similar convergence and steady-state performance as a conventional divider approach while achieving at least 21% less hardware resources and 26.85% higher operating speed in Xilinx Virtex7 (XC7VX330T) field programming gate array for an eight-sensor uniform linear array. Finally, the beam can be stabilized remarkably in only 1 μs at a system clock frequency of 124 MHz. Array processing adaptive beamformer variable step-size variable regularization approximation division-free Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering J. Q. Lin verfasserin aut S. C. Chan verfasserin aut H. K.-H. So verfasserin aut In IEEE Access IEEE, 2014 6(2018), Seite 64470-64485 (DE-627)728440385 (DE-600)2687964-5 21693536 nnns volume:6 year:2018 pages:64470-64485 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875409 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2766afafa1234a64ba88e80114d5b4c4 kostenfrei https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8489911/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2018 64470-64485
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source	In IEEE Access 6(2018), Seite 64470-64485 volume:6 year:2018 pages:64470-64485
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topic_facet	Array processing adaptive beamformer variable step-size variable regularization approximation division-free Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	W. Zhao
spellingShingle	W. Zhao misc TK1-9971 misc Array processing misc adaptive beamformer misc variable step-size misc variable regularization misc approximation misc division-free misc Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering A Division-Free and Variable-Regularized LMS-Based Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Beamforming and Its Efficient Hardware Realization
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topic_title	TK1-9971 A Division-Free and Variable-Regularized LMS-Based Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Beamforming and Its Efficient Hardware Realization Array processing adaptive beamformer variable step-size variable regularization approximation division-free
topic	misc TK1-9971 misc Array processing misc adaptive beamformer misc variable step-size misc variable regularization misc approximation misc division-free misc Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
topic_unstemmed	misc TK1-9971 misc Array processing misc adaptive beamformer misc variable step-size misc variable regularization misc approximation misc division-free misc Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
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title	A Division-Free and Variable-Regularized LMS-Based Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Beamforming and Its Efficient Hardware Realization
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title_full	A Division-Free and Variable-Regularized LMS-Based Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Beamforming and Its Efficient Hardware Realization
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title_sort	division-free and variable-regularized lms-based generalized sidelobe canceller for adaptive beamforming and its efficient hardware realization
callnumber	TK1-9971
title_auth	A Division-Free and Variable-Regularized LMS-Based Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Beamforming and Its Efficient Hardware Realization
abstract	This paper proposes a new division-free generalized sidelobe canceller-based adaptive beamformer and its efficient hardware realization. A discrete cosine transform-based blocking matrix is proposed for uniform linear array to decorrelate the input so as to achieve a faster convergence speed. A new variable step-size least mean squares algorithm for complex input is proposed to further improve the convergence and the steady-state performance of the adaptive beamformer. Moreover, a variable regularization scheme is incorporated to mitigate possible signal cancellation due to possible mismatches in steering vector. Furthermore, a statistical analysis on the mean and mean squares convergence of the algorithm is performed and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. An efficient architecture of the proposed adaptive beamformer is also proposed for its real-time implementation. It employs a novel division-free approach by quantizing the normalization factor into a limited number of levels so that the division can be implemented using canonical signed digits, resulting in multiplier-less realization. The performance of the resultant division-free implementation can achieve similar convergence and steady-state performance as a conventional divider approach while achieving at least 21% less hardware resources and 26.85% higher operating speed in Xilinx Virtex7 (XC7VX330T) field programming gate array for an eight-sensor uniform linear array. Finally, the beam can be stabilized remarkably in only 1 μs at a system clock frequency of 124 MHz.
abstractGer	This paper proposes a new division-free generalized sidelobe canceller-based adaptive beamformer and its efficient hardware realization. A discrete cosine transform-based blocking matrix is proposed for uniform linear array to decorrelate the input so as to achieve a faster convergence speed. A new variable step-size least mean squares algorithm for complex input is proposed to further improve the convergence and the steady-state performance of the adaptive beamformer. Moreover, a variable regularization scheme is incorporated to mitigate possible signal cancellation due to possible mismatches in steering vector. Furthermore, a statistical analysis on the mean and mean squares convergence of the algorithm is performed and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. An efficient architecture of the proposed adaptive beamformer is also proposed for its real-time implementation. It employs a novel division-free approach by quantizing the normalization factor into a limited number of levels so that the division can be implemented using canonical signed digits, resulting in multiplier-less realization. The performance of the resultant division-free implementation can achieve similar convergence and steady-state performance as a conventional divider approach while achieving at least 21% less hardware resources and 26.85% higher operating speed in Xilinx Virtex7 (XC7VX330T) field programming gate array for an eight-sensor uniform linear array. Finally, the beam can be stabilized remarkably in only 1 μs at a system clock frequency of 124 MHz.
abstract_unstemmed	This paper proposes a new division-free generalized sidelobe canceller-based adaptive beamformer and its efficient hardware realization. A discrete cosine transform-based blocking matrix is proposed for uniform linear array to decorrelate the input so as to achieve a faster convergence speed. A new variable step-size least mean squares algorithm for complex input is proposed to further improve the convergence and the steady-state performance of the adaptive beamformer. Moreover, a variable regularization scheme is incorporated to mitigate possible signal cancellation due to possible mismatches in steering vector. Furthermore, a statistical analysis on the mean and mean squares convergence of the algorithm is performed and validated using Monte Carlo simulations. An efficient architecture of the proposed adaptive beamformer is also proposed for its real-time implementation. It employs a novel division-free approach by quantizing the normalization factor into a limited number of levels so that the division can be implemented using canonical signed digits, resulting in multiplier-less realization. The performance of the resultant division-free implementation can achieve similar convergence and steady-state performance as a conventional divider approach while achieving at least 21% less hardware resources and 26.85% higher operating speed in Xilinx Virtex7 (XC7VX330T) field programming gate array for an eight-sensor uniform linear array. Finally, the beam can be stabilized remarkably in only 1 μs at a system clock frequency of 124 MHz.
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title_short	A Division-Free and Variable-Regularized LMS-Based Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Beamforming and Its Efficient Hardware Realization
url	https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875409 https://doaj.org/article/2766afafa1234a64ba88e80114d5b4c4 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8489911/ https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536
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author2	J. Q. Lin S. C. Chan H. K.-H. So
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A Division-Free and Variable-Regularized LMS-Based Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Beamforming and Its Efficient Hardware Realization

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