Smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go?

Highlights - A smart fertilizer allows to control the rate, timing and duration of nutrients release. - Nanofertilizers are powder or liquid formulations which involve the synthesis, design and use of materials at the nanoscale level. - Composite fertilizers are formulations containing nutrients mixed or coated with one or more materials that exploit synergy among materials. - Bioformulations are fertilizers containing active or dormant microorganisms capable to trigger physiological growth responses in plants. - Limited information is available for smart fertilizers on herbaceous crops in open field conditions. Abstract The current agricultural system faces several challenges, the most important being the ability to feed the increasing world population and mitigate climate change. In this context, the improvement of fertilizers’ agronomic efficiency while reducing their cost and environmental impact is one of the biggest tasks. Available literature shows that many efforts have been made to develop innovative fertilizers defined as "smart fertilizers", for which, different interpretations and definitions have been used. This paper aims to define, classify, and describe the new frontier of the so-called smart fertilizers with a particular focus on field-scale studies on herbaceous species. Most of the analyzed papers associate the "smart" concept to the controlled and/or slow release of nutrients, using both terms as synonymous. Some others broadened the concept, including the controlled release of nutrients to reduce the environmental impact. Based on our critical analysis of the available literature, we conclude that a fertilizer can be considered "smart" whenapplied to the soil, it allows control over the rate, timing, and duration of nutrients release. Our new definition is: ‘Smart fertilizer is any single or composed (sub)nanomaterial, multi-component, and/or bioformulation containing one or more nutrients that, through physical, chemical, and/or biological processes, can adapt the timing of nutrient release to the plant nutrient demand, enhancing the agronomic yields and reducing the environmental impact at sustainable costs when compared to conventional fertilizers’. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Giorgia Raimondi [verfasserIn] Carmelo Maucieri [verfasserIn] Arianna Toffanin [verfasserIn] Giancarlo Renella [verfasserIn] Maurizio Borin [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	Smart fertilizer nanofertilizers composite materials bioformulation slow-release fertilizers control release fertilizers

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Italian Journal of Agronomy - PAGEPress Publications, 2011, (2021), AOP
Übergeordnetes Werk:	year:2021 ; number:AOP

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.4081/ija.2021.1794

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ07026919X

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allfields	10.4081/ija.2021.1794 doi (DE-627)DOAJ07026919X (DE-599)DOAJ4fe2e12a24f24dbf84db14b872ed1f95 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Giorgia Raimondi verfasserin aut Smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go? 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Highlights - A smart fertilizer allows to control the rate, timing and duration of nutrients release. - Nanofertilizers are powder or liquid formulations which involve the synthesis, design and use of materials at the nanoscale level. - Composite fertilizers are formulations containing nutrients mixed or coated with one or more materials that exploit synergy among materials. - Bioformulations are fertilizers containing active or dormant microorganisms capable to trigger physiological growth responses in plants. - Limited information is available for smart fertilizers on herbaceous crops in open field conditions. Abstract The current agricultural system faces several challenges, the most important being the ability to feed the increasing world population and mitigate climate change. In this context, the improvement of fertilizers’ agronomic efficiency while reducing their cost and environmental impact is one of the biggest tasks. Available literature shows that many efforts have been made to develop innovative fertilizers defined as "smart fertilizers", for which, different interpretations and definitions have been used. This paper aims to define, classify, and describe the new frontier of the so-called smart fertilizers with a particular focus on field-scale studies on herbaceous species. Most of the analyzed papers associate the "smart" concept to the controlled and/or slow release of nutrients, using both terms as synonymous. Some others broadened the concept, including the controlled release of nutrients to reduce the environmental impact. Based on our critical analysis of the available literature, we conclude that a fertilizer can be considered "smart" whenapplied to the soil, it allows control over the rate, timing, and duration of nutrients release. Our new definition is: ‘Smart fertilizer is any single or composed (sub)nanomaterial, multi-component, and/or bioformulation containing one or more nutrients that, through physical, chemical, and/or biological processes, can adapt the timing of nutrient release to the plant nutrient demand, enhancing the agronomic yields and reducing the environmental impact at sustainable costs when compared to conventional fertilizers’. Smart fertilizer nanofertilizers composite materials bioformulation slow-release fertilizers control release fertilizers Agriculture S Plant culture Carmelo Maucieri verfasserin aut Arianna Toffanin verfasserin aut Giancarlo Renella verfasserin aut Maurizio Borin verfasserin aut In Italian Journal of Agronomy PAGEPress Publications, 2011 (2021), AOP (DE-627)657583537 (DE-600)2605865-0 20396805 nnns year:2021 number:AOP https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2021.1794 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4fe2e12a24f24dbf84db14b872ed1f95 kostenfrei https://agronomy.it/index.php/agro/article/view/1794 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1125-4718 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2039-6805 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2021 AOP
spelling	10.4081/ija.2021.1794 doi (DE-627)DOAJ07026919X (DE-599)DOAJ4fe2e12a24f24dbf84db14b872ed1f95 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Giorgia Raimondi verfasserin aut Smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go? 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Highlights - A smart fertilizer allows to control the rate, timing and duration of nutrients release. - Nanofertilizers are powder or liquid formulations which involve the synthesis, design and use of materials at the nanoscale level. - Composite fertilizers are formulations containing nutrients mixed or coated with one or more materials that exploit synergy among materials. - Bioformulations are fertilizers containing active or dormant microorganisms capable to trigger physiological growth responses in plants. - Limited information is available for smart fertilizers on herbaceous crops in open field conditions. Abstract The current agricultural system faces several challenges, the most important being the ability to feed the increasing world population and mitigate climate change. In this context, the improvement of fertilizers’ agronomic efficiency while reducing their cost and environmental impact is one of the biggest tasks. Available literature shows that many efforts have been made to develop innovative fertilizers defined as "smart fertilizers", for which, different interpretations and definitions have been used. This paper aims to define, classify, and describe the new frontier of the so-called smart fertilizers with a particular focus on field-scale studies on herbaceous species. Most of the analyzed papers associate the "smart" concept to the controlled and/or slow release of nutrients, using both terms as synonymous. Some others broadened the concept, including the controlled release of nutrients to reduce the environmental impact. Based on our critical analysis of the available literature, we conclude that a fertilizer can be considered "smart" whenapplied to the soil, it allows control over the rate, timing, and duration of nutrients release. Our new definition is: ‘Smart fertilizer is any single or composed (sub)nanomaterial, multi-component, and/or bioformulation containing one or more nutrients that, through physical, chemical, and/or biological processes, can adapt the timing of nutrient release to the plant nutrient demand, enhancing the agronomic yields and reducing the environmental impact at sustainable costs when compared to conventional fertilizers’. Smart fertilizer nanofertilizers composite materials bioformulation slow-release fertilizers control release fertilizers Agriculture S Plant culture Carmelo Maucieri verfasserin aut Arianna Toffanin verfasserin aut Giancarlo Renella verfasserin aut Maurizio Borin verfasserin aut In Italian Journal of Agronomy PAGEPress Publications, 2011 (2021), AOP (DE-627)657583537 (DE-600)2605865-0 20396805 nnns year:2021 number:AOP https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2021.1794 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4fe2e12a24f24dbf84db14b872ed1f95 kostenfrei https://agronomy.it/index.php/agro/article/view/1794 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1125-4718 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2039-6805 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2021 AOP
allfields_unstemmed	10.4081/ija.2021.1794 doi (DE-627)DOAJ07026919X (DE-599)DOAJ4fe2e12a24f24dbf84db14b872ed1f95 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Giorgia Raimondi verfasserin aut Smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go? 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Highlights - A smart fertilizer allows to control the rate, timing and duration of nutrients release. - Nanofertilizers are powder or liquid formulations which involve the synthesis, design and use of materials at the nanoscale level. - Composite fertilizers are formulations containing nutrients mixed or coated with one or more materials that exploit synergy among materials. - Bioformulations are fertilizers containing active or dormant microorganisms capable to trigger physiological growth responses in plants. - Limited information is available for smart fertilizers on herbaceous crops in open field conditions. Abstract The current agricultural system faces several challenges, the most important being the ability to feed the increasing world population and mitigate climate change. In this context, the improvement of fertilizers’ agronomic efficiency while reducing their cost and environmental impact is one of the biggest tasks. Available literature shows that many efforts have been made to develop innovative fertilizers defined as "smart fertilizers", for which, different interpretations and definitions have been used. This paper aims to define, classify, and describe the new frontier of the so-called smart fertilizers with a particular focus on field-scale studies on herbaceous species. Most of the analyzed papers associate the "smart" concept to the controlled and/or slow release of nutrients, using both terms as synonymous. Some others broadened the concept, including the controlled release of nutrients to reduce the environmental impact. Based on our critical analysis of the available literature, we conclude that a fertilizer can be considered "smart" whenapplied to the soil, it allows control over the rate, timing, and duration of nutrients release. Our new definition is: ‘Smart fertilizer is any single or composed (sub)nanomaterial, multi-component, and/or bioformulation containing one or more nutrients that, through physical, chemical, and/or biological processes, can adapt the timing of nutrient release to the plant nutrient demand, enhancing the agronomic yields and reducing the environmental impact at sustainable costs when compared to conventional fertilizers’. Smart fertilizer nanofertilizers composite materials bioformulation slow-release fertilizers control release fertilizers Agriculture S Plant culture Carmelo Maucieri verfasserin aut Arianna Toffanin verfasserin aut Giancarlo Renella verfasserin aut Maurizio Borin verfasserin aut In Italian Journal of Agronomy PAGEPress Publications, 2011 (2021), AOP (DE-627)657583537 (DE-600)2605865-0 20396805 nnns year:2021 number:AOP https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2021.1794 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4fe2e12a24f24dbf84db14b872ed1f95 kostenfrei https://agronomy.it/index.php/agro/article/view/1794 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1125-4718 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2039-6805 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2021 AOP
allfieldsGer	10.4081/ija.2021.1794 doi (DE-627)DOAJ07026919X (DE-599)DOAJ4fe2e12a24f24dbf84db14b872ed1f95 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Giorgia Raimondi verfasserin aut Smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go? 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Highlights - A smart fertilizer allows to control the rate, timing and duration of nutrients release. - Nanofertilizers are powder or liquid formulations which involve the synthesis, design and use of materials at the nanoscale level. - Composite fertilizers are formulations containing nutrients mixed or coated with one or more materials that exploit synergy among materials. - Bioformulations are fertilizers containing active or dormant microorganisms capable to trigger physiological growth responses in plants. - Limited information is available for smart fertilizers on herbaceous crops in open field conditions. Abstract The current agricultural system faces several challenges, the most important being the ability to feed the increasing world population and mitigate climate change. In this context, the improvement of fertilizers’ agronomic efficiency while reducing their cost and environmental impact is one of the biggest tasks. Available literature shows that many efforts have been made to develop innovative fertilizers defined as "smart fertilizers", for which, different interpretations and definitions have been used. This paper aims to define, classify, and describe the new frontier of the so-called smart fertilizers with a particular focus on field-scale studies on herbaceous species. Most of the analyzed papers associate the "smart" concept to the controlled and/or slow release of nutrients, using both terms as synonymous. Some others broadened the concept, including the controlled release of nutrients to reduce the environmental impact. Based on our critical analysis of the available literature, we conclude that a fertilizer can be considered "smart" whenapplied to the soil, it allows control over the rate, timing, and duration of nutrients release. Our new definition is: ‘Smart fertilizer is any single or composed (sub)nanomaterial, multi-component, and/or bioformulation containing one or more nutrients that, through physical, chemical, and/or biological processes, can adapt the timing of nutrient release to the plant nutrient demand, enhancing the agronomic yields and reducing the environmental impact at sustainable costs when compared to conventional fertilizers’. Smart fertilizer nanofertilizers composite materials bioformulation slow-release fertilizers control release fertilizers Agriculture S Plant culture Carmelo Maucieri verfasserin aut Arianna Toffanin verfasserin aut Giancarlo Renella verfasserin aut Maurizio Borin verfasserin aut In Italian Journal of Agronomy PAGEPress Publications, 2011 (2021), AOP (DE-627)657583537 (DE-600)2605865-0 20396805 nnns year:2021 number:AOP https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2021.1794 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4fe2e12a24f24dbf84db14b872ed1f95 kostenfrei https://agronomy.it/index.php/agro/article/view/1794 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1125-4718 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2039-6805 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2021 AOP
allfieldsSound	10.4081/ija.2021.1794 doi (DE-627)DOAJ07026919X (DE-599)DOAJ4fe2e12a24f24dbf84db14b872ed1f95 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Giorgia Raimondi verfasserin aut Smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go? 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Highlights - A smart fertilizer allows to control the rate, timing and duration of nutrients release. - Nanofertilizers are powder or liquid formulations which involve the synthesis, design and use of materials at the nanoscale level. - Composite fertilizers are formulations containing nutrients mixed or coated with one or more materials that exploit synergy among materials. - Bioformulations are fertilizers containing active or dormant microorganisms capable to trigger physiological growth responses in plants. - Limited information is available for smart fertilizers on herbaceous crops in open field conditions. Abstract The current agricultural system faces several challenges, the most important being the ability to feed the increasing world population and mitigate climate change. In this context, the improvement of fertilizers’ agronomic efficiency while reducing their cost and environmental impact is one of the biggest tasks. Available literature shows that many efforts have been made to develop innovative fertilizers defined as "smart fertilizers", for which, different interpretations and definitions have been used. This paper aims to define, classify, and describe the new frontier of the so-called smart fertilizers with a particular focus on field-scale studies on herbaceous species. Most of the analyzed papers associate the "smart" concept to the controlled and/or slow release of nutrients, using both terms as synonymous. Some others broadened the concept, including the controlled release of nutrients to reduce the environmental impact. Based on our critical analysis of the available literature, we conclude that a fertilizer can be considered "smart" whenapplied to the soil, it allows control over the rate, timing, and duration of nutrients release. Our new definition is: ‘Smart fertilizer is any single or composed (sub)nanomaterial, multi-component, and/or bioformulation containing one or more nutrients that, through physical, chemical, and/or biological processes, can adapt the timing of nutrient release to the plant nutrient demand, enhancing the agronomic yields and reducing the environmental impact at sustainable costs when compared to conventional fertilizers’. Smart fertilizer nanofertilizers composite materials bioformulation slow-release fertilizers control release fertilizers Agriculture S Plant culture Carmelo Maucieri verfasserin aut Arianna Toffanin verfasserin aut Giancarlo Renella verfasserin aut Maurizio Borin verfasserin aut In Italian Journal of Agronomy PAGEPress Publications, 2011 (2021), AOP (DE-627)657583537 (DE-600)2605865-0 20396805 nnns year:2021 number:AOP https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2021.1794 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4fe2e12a24f24dbf84db14b872ed1f95 kostenfrei https://agronomy.it/index.php/agro/article/view/1794 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1125-4718 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2039-6805 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2021 AOP
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topic_facet	Smart fertilizer nanofertilizers composite materials bioformulation slow-release fertilizers control release fertilizers Agriculture S Plant culture
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container_title	Italian Journal of Agronomy
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Giorgia Raimondi @@aut@@ Carmelo Maucieri @@aut@@ Arianna Toffanin @@aut@@ Giancarlo Renella @@aut@@ Maurizio Borin @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
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spellingShingle	Giorgia Raimondi misc SB1-1110 misc Smart fertilizer misc nanofertilizers misc composite materials misc bioformulation misc slow-release fertilizers misc control release fertilizers misc Agriculture misc S misc Plant culture Smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go?
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topic	misc SB1-1110 misc Smart fertilizer misc nanofertilizers misc composite materials misc bioformulation misc slow-release fertilizers misc control release fertilizers misc Agriculture misc S misc Plant culture
topic_unstemmed	misc SB1-1110 misc Smart fertilizer misc nanofertilizers misc composite materials misc bioformulation misc slow-release fertilizers misc control release fertilizers misc Agriculture misc S misc Plant culture
topic_browse	misc SB1-1110 misc Smart fertilizer misc nanofertilizers misc composite materials misc bioformulation misc slow-release fertilizers misc control release fertilizers misc Agriculture misc S misc Plant culture
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hierarchy_parent_title	Italian Journal of Agronomy
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title	Smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go?
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title_full	Smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go?
author_sort	Giorgia Raimondi
journal	Italian Journal of Agronomy
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author_browse	Giorgia Raimondi Carmelo Maucieri Arianna Toffanin Giancarlo Renella Maurizio Borin
class	SB1-1110
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author-letter	Giorgia Raimondi
doi_str_mv	10.4081/ija.2021.1794
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title_sort	smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go?
callnumber	SB1-1110
title_auth	Smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go?
abstract	Highlights - A smart fertilizer allows to control the rate, timing and duration of nutrients release. - Nanofertilizers are powder or liquid formulations which involve the synthesis, design and use of materials at the nanoscale level. - Composite fertilizers are formulations containing nutrients mixed or coated with one or more materials that exploit synergy among materials. - Bioformulations are fertilizers containing active or dormant microorganisms capable to trigger physiological growth responses in plants. - Limited information is available for smart fertilizers on herbaceous crops in open field conditions. Abstract The current agricultural system faces several challenges, the most important being the ability to feed the increasing world population and mitigate climate change. In this context, the improvement of fertilizers’ agronomic efficiency while reducing their cost and environmental impact is one of the biggest tasks. Available literature shows that many efforts have been made to develop innovative fertilizers defined as "smart fertilizers", for which, different interpretations and definitions have been used. This paper aims to define, classify, and describe the new frontier of the so-called smart fertilizers with a particular focus on field-scale studies on herbaceous species. Most of the analyzed papers associate the "smart" concept to the controlled and/or slow release of nutrients, using both terms as synonymous. Some others broadened the concept, including the controlled release of nutrients to reduce the environmental impact. Based on our critical analysis of the available literature, we conclude that a fertilizer can be considered "smart" whenapplied to the soil, it allows control over the rate, timing, and duration of nutrients release. Our new definition is: ‘Smart fertilizer is any single or composed (sub)nanomaterial, multi-component, and/or bioformulation containing one or more nutrients that, through physical, chemical, and/or biological processes, can adapt the timing of nutrient release to the plant nutrient demand, enhancing the agronomic yields and reducing the environmental impact at sustainable costs when compared to conventional fertilizers’.
abstractGer	Highlights - A smart fertilizer allows to control the rate, timing and duration of nutrients release. - Nanofertilizers are powder or liquid formulations which involve the synthesis, design and use of materials at the nanoscale level. - Composite fertilizers are formulations containing nutrients mixed or coated with one or more materials that exploit synergy among materials. - Bioformulations are fertilizers containing active or dormant microorganisms capable to trigger physiological growth responses in plants. - Limited information is available for smart fertilizers on herbaceous crops in open field conditions. Abstract The current agricultural system faces several challenges, the most important being the ability to feed the increasing world population and mitigate climate change. In this context, the improvement of fertilizers’ agronomic efficiency while reducing their cost and environmental impact is one of the biggest tasks. Available literature shows that many efforts have been made to develop innovative fertilizers defined as "smart fertilizers", for which, different interpretations and definitions have been used. This paper aims to define, classify, and describe the new frontier of the so-called smart fertilizers with a particular focus on field-scale studies on herbaceous species. Most of the analyzed papers associate the "smart" concept to the controlled and/or slow release of nutrients, using both terms as synonymous. Some others broadened the concept, including the controlled release of nutrients to reduce the environmental impact. Based on our critical analysis of the available literature, we conclude that a fertilizer can be considered "smart" whenapplied to the soil, it allows control over the rate, timing, and duration of nutrients release. Our new definition is: ‘Smart fertilizer is any single or composed (sub)nanomaterial, multi-component, and/or bioformulation containing one or more nutrients that, through physical, chemical, and/or biological processes, can adapt the timing of nutrient release to the plant nutrient demand, enhancing the agronomic yields and reducing the environmental impact at sustainable costs when compared to conventional fertilizers’.
abstract_unstemmed	Highlights - A smart fertilizer allows to control the rate, timing and duration of nutrients release. - Nanofertilizers are powder or liquid formulations which involve the synthesis, design and use of materials at the nanoscale level. - Composite fertilizers are formulations containing nutrients mixed or coated with one or more materials that exploit synergy among materials. - Bioformulations are fertilizers containing active or dormant microorganisms capable to trigger physiological growth responses in plants. - Limited information is available for smart fertilizers on herbaceous crops in open field conditions. Abstract The current agricultural system faces several challenges, the most important being the ability to feed the increasing world population and mitigate climate change. In this context, the improvement of fertilizers’ agronomic efficiency while reducing their cost and environmental impact is one of the biggest tasks. Available literature shows that many efforts have been made to develop innovative fertilizers defined as "smart fertilizers", for which, different interpretations and definitions have been used. This paper aims to define, classify, and describe the new frontier of the so-called smart fertilizers with a particular focus on field-scale studies on herbaceous species. Most of the analyzed papers associate the "smart" concept to the controlled and/or slow release of nutrients, using both terms as synonymous. Some others broadened the concept, including the controlled release of nutrients to reduce the environmental impact. Based on our critical analysis of the available literature, we conclude that a fertilizer can be considered "smart" whenapplied to the soil, it allows control over the rate, timing, and duration of nutrients release. Our new definition is: ‘Smart fertilizer is any single or composed (sub)nanomaterial, multi-component, and/or bioformulation containing one or more nutrients that, through physical, chemical, and/or biological processes, can adapt the timing of nutrient release to the plant nutrient demand, enhancing the agronomic yields and reducing the environmental impact at sustainable costs when compared to conventional fertilizers’.
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container_issue	AOP
title_short	Smart fertilizers: what should we mean and where should we go?
url	https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2021.1794 https://doaj.org/article/4fe2e12a24f24dbf84db14b872ed1f95 https://agronomy.it/index.php/agro/article/view/1794 https://doaj.org/toc/1125-4718 https://doaj.org/toc/2039-6805
remote_bool	true
author2	Carmelo Maucieri Arianna Toffanin Giancarlo Renella Maurizio Borin
author2Str	Carmelo Maucieri Arianna Toffanin Giancarlo Renella Maurizio Borin
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doi_str	10.4081/ija.2021.1794
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up_date	2024-07-03T13:54:21.954Z
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