Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically significant swine infectious agent. A PRV outbreak took place in China in 2011 with novel virulent variants. Although the association of viral genomic variability with pathogenicity is not fully confirmed, the knowledge concerning PRV genomic diversity and...
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Autor*in:	Ruiming Hu [verfasserIn] Leyi Wang [verfasserIn] Qingyun Liu [verfasserIn] Lin Hua [verfasserIn] Xi Huang [verfasserIn] Yue Zhang [verfasserIn] Jie Fan [verfasserIn] Hongjian Chen [verfasserIn] Wenbo Song [verfasserIn] Wan Liang [verfasserIn] Nengshui Ding [verfasserIn] Zuohua Li [verfasserIn] Zhen Ding [verfasserIn] Xibiao Tang [verfasserIn] Zhong Peng [verfasserIn] Bin Wu [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	pseudorabies virus genome phylogeny recombination selection pressure

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Viruses - MDPI AG, 2009, 13(2021), 7, p 1322
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:13 ; year:2021 ; number:7, p 1322

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/v13071322

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ070311439

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520			\|a Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically significant swine infectious agent. A PRV outbreak took place in China in 2011 with novel virulent variants. Although the association of viral genomic variability with pathogenicity is not fully confirmed, the knowledge concerning PRV genomic diversity and evolution is still limited. Here, we sequenced 54 genomes of novel PRV variants isolated in China from 2012 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that China strains and US/Europe strains were classified into two separate genotypes. PRV strains isolated from 2012 to 2017 in China are highly related to each other and genetically close to classic China strains such as Ea, Fa, and SC. RDP analysis revealed 23 recombination events within novel PRV variants, indicating that recombination contributes significantly to the viral evolution. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most ORFs were under evolutionary constraint, and 19 amino acid residue sites in 15 ORFs were identified under positive selection. Additionally, 37 unique mutations were identified in 19 ORFs, which distinguish the novel variants from classic strains. Overall, our study suggested that novel PRV variants might evolve from classical PRV strains through point mutation and recombination mechanisms.
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allfields	10.3390/v13071322 doi (DE-627)DOAJ070311439 (DE-599)DOAJ6b9d15a9a13040d18ab9941ae0350937 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Ruiming Hu verfasserin aut Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically significant swine infectious agent. A PRV outbreak took place in China in 2011 with novel virulent variants. Although the association of viral genomic variability with pathogenicity is not fully confirmed, the knowledge concerning PRV genomic diversity and evolution is still limited. Here, we sequenced 54 genomes of novel PRV variants isolated in China from 2012 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that China strains and US/Europe strains were classified into two separate genotypes. PRV strains isolated from 2012 to 2017 in China are highly related to each other and genetically close to classic China strains such as Ea, Fa, and SC. RDP analysis revealed 23 recombination events within novel PRV variants, indicating that recombination contributes significantly to the viral evolution. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most ORFs were under evolutionary constraint, and 19 amino acid residue sites in 15 ORFs were identified under positive selection. Additionally, 37 unique mutations were identified in 19 ORFs, which distinguish the novel variants from classic strains. Overall, our study suggested that novel PRV variants might evolve from classical PRV strains through point mutation and recombination mechanisms. pseudorabies virus genome phylogeny recombination selection pressure Microbiology Leyi Wang verfasserin aut Qingyun Liu verfasserin aut Lin Hua verfasserin aut Xi Huang verfasserin aut Yue Zhang verfasserin aut Jie Fan verfasserin aut Hongjian Chen verfasserin aut Wenbo Song verfasserin aut Wan Liang verfasserin aut Nengshui Ding verfasserin aut Zuohua Li verfasserin aut Zhen Ding verfasserin aut Xibiao Tang verfasserin aut Zhong Peng verfasserin aut Bin Wu verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 13(2021), 7, p 1322 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:13 year:2021 number:7, p 1322 https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071322 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6b9d15a9a13040d18ab9941ae0350937 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1322 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2021 7, p 1322
spelling	10.3390/v13071322 doi (DE-627)DOAJ070311439 (DE-599)DOAJ6b9d15a9a13040d18ab9941ae0350937 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Ruiming Hu verfasserin aut Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically significant swine infectious agent. A PRV outbreak took place in China in 2011 with novel virulent variants. Although the association of viral genomic variability with pathogenicity is not fully confirmed, the knowledge concerning PRV genomic diversity and evolution is still limited. Here, we sequenced 54 genomes of novel PRV variants isolated in China from 2012 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that China strains and US/Europe strains were classified into two separate genotypes. PRV strains isolated from 2012 to 2017 in China are highly related to each other and genetically close to classic China strains such as Ea, Fa, and SC. RDP analysis revealed 23 recombination events within novel PRV variants, indicating that recombination contributes significantly to the viral evolution. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most ORFs were under evolutionary constraint, and 19 amino acid residue sites in 15 ORFs were identified under positive selection. Additionally, 37 unique mutations were identified in 19 ORFs, which distinguish the novel variants from classic strains. Overall, our study suggested that novel PRV variants might evolve from classical PRV strains through point mutation and recombination mechanisms. pseudorabies virus genome phylogeny recombination selection pressure Microbiology Leyi Wang verfasserin aut Qingyun Liu verfasserin aut Lin Hua verfasserin aut Xi Huang verfasserin aut Yue Zhang verfasserin aut Jie Fan verfasserin aut Hongjian Chen verfasserin aut Wenbo Song verfasserin aut Wan Liang verfasserin aut Nengshui Ding verfasserin aut Zuohua Li verfasserin aut Zhen Ding verfasserin aut Xibiao Tang verfasserin aut Zhong Peng verfasserin aut Bin Wu verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 13(2021), 7, p 1322 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:13 year:2021 number:7, p 1322 https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071322 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6b9d15a9a13040d18ab9941ae0350937 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1322 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2021 7, p 1322
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/v13071322 doi (DE-627)DOAJ070311439 (DE-599)DOAJ6b9d15a9a13040d18ab9941ae0350937 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Ruiming Hu verfasserin aut Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically significant swine infectious agent. A PRV outbreak took place in China in 2011 with novel virulent variants. Although the association of viral genomic variability with pathogenicity is not fully confirmed, the knowledge concerning PRV genomic diversity and evolution is still limited. Here, we sequenced 54 genomes of novel PRV variants isolated in China from 2012 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that China strains and US/Europe strains were classified into two separate genotypes. PRV strains isolated from 2012 to 2017 in China are highly related to each other and genetically close to classic China strains such as Ea, Fa, and SC. RDP analysis revealed 23 recombination events within novel PRV variants, indicating that recombination contributes significantly to the viral evolution. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most ORFs were under evolutionary constraint, and 19 amino acid residue sites in 15 ORFs were identified under positive selection. Additionally, 37 unique mutations were identified in 19 ORFs, which distinguish the novel variants from classic strains. Overall, our study suggested that novel PRV variants might evolve from classical PRV strains through point mutation and recombination mechanisms. pseudorabies virus genome phylogeny recombination selection pressure Microbiology Leyi Wang verfasserin aut Qingyun Liu verfasserin aut Lin Hua verfasserin aut Xi Huang verfasserin aut Yue Zhang verfasserin aut Jie Fan verfasserin aut Hongjian Chen verfasserin aut Wenbo Song verfasserin aut Wan Liang verfasserin aut Nengshui Ding verfasserin aut Zuohua Li verfasserin aut Zhen Ding verfasserin aut Xibiao Tang verfasserin aut Zhong Peng verfasserin aut Bin Wu verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 13(2021), 7, p 1322 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:13 year:2021 number:7, p 1322 https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071322 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6b9d15a9a13040d18ab9941ae0350937 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1322 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2021 7, p 1322
allfieldsGer	10.3390/v13071322 doi (DE-627)DOAJ070311439 (DE-599)DOAJ6b9d15a9a13040d18ab9941ae0350937 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Ruiming Hu verfasserin aut Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically significant swine infectious agent. A PRV outbreak took place in China in 2011 with novel virulent variants. Although the association of viral genomic variability with pathogenicity is not fully confirmed, the knowledge concerning PRV genomic diversity and evolution is still limited. Here, we sequenced 54 genomes of novel PRV variants isolated in China from 2012 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that China strains and US/Europe strains were classified into two separate genotypes. PRV strains isolated from 2012 to 2017 in China are highly related to each other and genetically close to classic China strains such as Ea, Fa, and SC. RDP analysis revealed 23 recombination events within novel PRV variants, indicating that recombination contributes significantly to the viral evolution. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most ORFs were under evolutionary constraint, and 19 amino acid residue sites in 15 ORFs were identified under positive selection. Additionally, 37 unique mutations were identified in 19 ORFs, which distinguish the novel variants from classic strains. Overall, our study suggested that novel PRV variants might evolve from classical PRV strains through point mutation and recombination mechanisms. pseudorabies virus genome phylogeny recombination selection pressure Microbiology Leyi Wang verfasserin aut Qingyun Liu verfasserin aut Lin Hua verfasserin aut Xi Huang verfasserin aut Yue Zhang verfasserin aut Jie Fan verfasserin aut Hongjian Chen verfasserin aut Wenbo Song verfasserin aut Wan Liang verfasserin aut Nengshui Ding verfasserin aut Zuohua Li verfasserin aut Zhen Ding verfasserin aut Xibiao Tang verfasserin aut Zhong Peng verfasserin aut Bin Wu verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 13(2021), 7, p 1322 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:13 year:2021 number:7, p 1322 https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071322 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6b9d15a9a13040d18ab9941ae0350937 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1322 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2021 7, p 1322
allfieldsSound	10.3390/v13071322 doi (DE-627)DOAJ070311439 (DE-599)DOAJ6b9d15a9a13040d18ab9941ae0350937 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Ruiming Hu verfasserin aut Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically significant swine infectious agent. A PRV outbreak took place in China in 2011 with novel virulent variants. Although the association of viral genomic variability with pathogenicity is not fully confirmed, the knowledge concerning PRV genomic diversity and evolution is still limited. Here, we sequenced 54 genomes of novel PRV variants isolated in China from 2012 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that China strains and US/Europe strains were classified into two separate genotypes. PRV strains isolated from 2012 to 2017 in China are highly related to each other and genetically close to classic China strains such as Ea, Fa, and SC. RDP analysis revealed 23 recombination events within novel PRV variants, indicating that recombination contributes significantly to the viral evolution. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most ORFs were under evolutionary constraint, and 19 amino acid residue sites in 15 ORFs were identified under positive selection. Additionally, 37 unique mutations were identified in 19 ORFs, which distinguish the novel variants from classic strains. Overall, our study suggested that novel PRV variants might evolve from classical PRV strains through point mutation and recombination mechanisms. pseudorabies virus genome phylogeny recombination selection pressure Microbiology Leyi Wang verfasserin aut Qingyun Liu verfasserin aut Lin Hua verfasserin aut Xi Huang verfasserin aut Yue Zhang verfasserin aut Jie Fan verfasserin aut Hongjian Chen verfasserin aut Wenbo Song verfasserin aut Wan Liang verfasserin aut Nengshui Ding verfasserin aut Zuohua Li verfasserin aut Zhen Ding verfasserin aut Xibiao Tang verfasserin aut Zhong Peng verfasserin aut Bin Wu verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 13(2021), 7, p 1322 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:13 year:2021 number:7, p 1322 https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071322 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6b9d15a9a13040d18ab9941ae0350937 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1322 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2021 7, p 1322
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Ruiming Hu
spellingShingle	Ruiming Hu misc QR1-502 misc pseudorabies virus misc genome misc phylogeny misc recombination misc selection pressure misc Microbiology Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China
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topic_title	QR1-502 Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China pseudorabies virus genome phylogeny recombination selection pressure
topic	misc QR1-502 misc pseudorabies virus misc genome misc phylogeny misc recombination misc selection pressure misc Microbiology
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title	Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China
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title_full	Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China
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title_sort	whole-genome sequence analysis of pseudorabies virus clinical isolates from pigs in china between 2012 and 2017 in china
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title_auth	Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China
abstract	Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically significant swine infectious agent. A PRV outbreak took place in China in 2011 with novel virulent variants. Although the association of viral genomic variability with pathogenicity is not fully confirmed, the knowledge concerning PRV genomic diversity and evolution is still limited. Here, we sequenced 54 genomes of novel PRV variants isolated in China from 2012 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that China strains and US/Europe strains were classified into two separate genotypes. PRV strains isolated from 2012 to 2017 in China are highly related to each other and genetically close to classic China strains such as Ea, Fa, and SC. RDP analysis revealed 23 recombination events within novel PRV variants, indicating that recombination contributes significantly to the viral evolution. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most ORFs were under evolutionary constraint, and 19 amino acid residue sites in 15 ORFs were identified under positive selection. Additionally, 37 unique mutations were identified in 19 ORFs, which distinguish the novel variants from classic strains. Overall, our study suggested that novel PRV variants might evolve from classical PRV strains through point mutation and recombination mechanisms.
abstractGer	Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically significant swine infectious agent. A PRV outbreak took place in China in 2011 with novel virulent variants. Although the association of viral genomic variability with pathogenicity is not fully confirmed, the knowledge concerning PRV genomic diversity and evolution is still limited. Here, we sequenced 54 genomes of novel PRV variants isolated in China from 2012 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that China strains and US/Europe strains were classified into two separate genotypes. PRV strains isolated from 2012 to 2017 in China are highly related to each other and genetically close to classic China strains such as Ea, Fa, and SC. RDP analysis revealed 23 recombination events within novel PRV variants, indicating that recombination contributes significantly to the viral evolution. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most ORFs were under evolutionary constraint, and 19 amino acid residue sites in 15 ORFs were identified under positive selection. Additionally, 37 unique mutations were identified in 19 ORFs, which distinguish the novel variants from classic strains. Overall, our study suggested that novel PRV variants might evolve from classical PRV strains through point mutation and recombination mechanisms.
abstract_unstemmed	Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically significant swine infectious agent. A PRV outbreak took place in China in 2011 with novel virulent variants. Although the association of viral genomic variability with pathogenicity is not fully confirmed, the knowledge concerning PRV genomic diversity and evolution is still limited. Here, we sequenced 54 genomes of novel PRV variants isolated in China from 2012 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that China strains and US/Europe strains were classified into two separate genotypes. PRV strains isolated from 2012 to 2017 in China are highly related to each other and genetically close to classic China strains such as Ea, Fa, and SC. RDP analysis revealed 23 recombination events within novel PRV variants, indicating that recombination contributes significantly to the viral evolution. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most ORFs were under evolutionary constraint, and 19 amino acid residue sites in 15 ORFs were identified under positive selection. Additionally, 37 unique mutations were identified in 19 ORFs, which distinguish the novel variants from classic strains. Overall, our study suggested that novel PRV variants might evolve from classical PRV strains through point mutation and recombination mechanisms.
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title_short	Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071322 https://doaj.org/article/6b9d15a9a13040d18ab9941ae0350937 https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1322 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915
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up_date	2024-07-03T14:07:20.714Z
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Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China

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