The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe

Research Highlights: The factors that control the spread and regeneration of <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) and the functional diversity of invaded forest were studied in order to indicate the significant role of disturbances in a forest and the low functional richness and evenness of sites that are occupied by red oak. Background and Objectives: Red oak is one of the most frequent invasive trees from North America in Central Europe. It is also one of the most efficient self-regenerating invasive alien species in forests. The main goal of the study is to identify the characteristics of forest communities with a contribution of <i<Q. rubra</i<, and to assess its role in shaping the species diversity of these novel phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 phytosociological records that have a share of <i<Q. rubra</i< in southern Poland were collected, including 100 randomly chosen plots from which soil samples were taken. In addition, vegetation sampling was performed in 55 plots in the vicinities that were uninvaded. Results: The probability of the self-regeneration and cover of <i<Q. rubra</i< seedlings depends mainly on the availability of maternal trees, and the abundance of seedlings was highest in cutting areas. The vegetation with <i<Q. rubra</i< differed in the plant functional types and environmental factors. According to the three-table ordination method, while the cover of red oak only affected the canopy of the remaining species, a comparison of the invaded and uninvaded plots demonstrated that the sites that were occupied by <i<Q. rubra</i< had lower values of functional richness and evenness, thus indicating higher habitat filtering and a lower importance of competition. <i<Conclusions:</i< Forest management practices play the most crucial role in the self-regeneration and occurrence of <i<Q. rubra</i<. However, the role of red oak in shaping the species composition and functional diversity is rather low. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Damian Chmura [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	afforestation cultivation forest management invasion Northern red oak

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Forests - MDPI AG, 2010, 11(2020), 5, p 586
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2020 ; number:5, p 586

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/f11050586

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ071180893

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allfields	10.3390/f11050586 doi (DE-627)DOAJ071180893 (DE-599)DOAJ6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK900-989 Damian Chmura verfasserin aut The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Research Highlights: The factors that control the spread and regeneration of <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) and the functional diversity of invaded forest were studied in order to indicate the significant role of disturbances in a forest and the low functional richness and evenness of sites that are occupied by red oak. Background and Objectives: Red oak is one of the most frequent invasive trees from North America in Central Europe. It is also one of the most efficient self-regenerating invasive alien species in forests. The main goal of the study is to identify the characteristics of forest communities with a contribution of <i<Q. rubra</i<, and to assess its role in shaping the species diversity of these novel phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 phytosociological records that have a share of <i<Q. rubra</i< in southern Poland were collected, including 100 randomly chosen plots from which soil samples were taken. In addition, vegetation sampling was performed in 55 plots in the vicinities that were uninvaded. Results: The probability of the self-regeneration and cover of <i<Q. rubra</i< seedlings depends mainly on the availability of maternal trees, and the abundance of seedlings was highest in cutting areas. The vegetation with <i<Q. rubra</i< differed in the plant functional types and environmental factors. According to the three-table ordination method, while the cover of red oak only affected the canopy of the remaining species, a comparison of the invaded and uninvaded plots demonstrated that the sites that were occupied by <i<Q. rubra</i< had lower values of functional richness and evenness, thus indicating higher habitat filtering and a lower importance of competition. <i<Conclusions:</i< Forest management practices play the most crucial role in the self-regeneration and occurrence of <i<Q. rubra</i<. However, the role of red oak in shaping the species composition and functional diversity is rather low. afforestation cultivation forest management invasion Northern red oak Plant ecology In Forests MDPI AG, 2010 11(2020), 5, p 586 (DE-627)614095689 (DE-600)2527081-3 19994907 nnns volume:11 year:2020 number:5, p 586 https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050586 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/5/586 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2020 5, p 586
spelling	10.3390/f11050586 doi (DE-627)DOAJ071180893 (DE-599)DOAJ6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK900-989 Damian Chmura verfasserin aut The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Research Highlights: The factors that control the spread and regeneration of <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) and the functional diversity of invaded forest were studied in order to indicate the significant role of disturbances in a forest and the low functional richness and evenness of sites that are occupied by red oak. Background and Objectives: Red oak is one of the most frequent invasive trees from North America in Central Europe. It is also one of the most efficient self-regenerating invasive alien species in forests. The main goal of the study is to identify the characteristics of forest communities with a contribution of <i<Q. rubra</i<, and to assess its role in shaping the species diversity of these novel phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 phytosociological records that have a share of <i<Q. rubra</i< in southern Poland were collected, including 100 randomly chosen plots from which soil samples were taken. In addition, vegetation sampling was performed in 55 plots in the vicinities that were uninvaded. Results: The probability of the self-regeneration and cover of <i<Q. rubra</i< seedlings depends mainly on the availability of maternal trees, and the abundance of seedlings was highest in cutting areas. The vegetation with <i<Q. rubra</i< differed in the plant functional types and environmental factors. According to the three-table ordination method, while the cover of red oak only affected the canopy of the remaining species, a comparison of the invaded and uninvaded plots demonstrated that the sites that were occupied by <i<Q. rubra</i< had lower values of functional richness and evenness, thus indicating higher habitat filtering and a lower importance of competition. <i<Conclusions:</i< Forest management practices play the most crucial role in the self-regeneration and occurrence of <i<Q. rubra</i<. However, the role of red oak in shaping the species composition and functional diversity is rather low. afforestation cultivation forest management invasion Northern red oak Plant ecology In Forests MDPI AG, 2010 11(2020), 5, p 586 (DE-627)614095689 (DE-600)2527081-3 19994907 nnns volume:11 year:2020 number:5, p 586 https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050586 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/5/586 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2020 5, p 586
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/f11050586 doi (DE-627)DOAJ071180893 (DE-599)DOAJ6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK900-989 Damian Chmura verfasserin aut The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Research Highlights: The factors that control the spread and regeneration of <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) and the functional diversity of invaded forest were studied in order to indicate the significant role of disturbances in a forest and the low functional richness and evenness of sites that are occupied by red oak. Background and Objectives: Red oak is one of the most frequent invasive trees from North America in Central Europe. It is also one of the most efficient self-regenerating invasive alien species in forests. The main goal of the study is to identify the characteristics of forest communities with a contribution of <i<Q. rubra</i<, and to assess its role in shaping the species diversity of these novel phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 phytosociological records that have a share of <i<Q. rubra</i< in southern Poland were collected, including 100 randomly chosen plots from which soil samples were taken. In addition, vegetation sampling was performed in 55 plots in the vicinities that were uninvaded. Results: The probability of the self-regeneration and cover of <i<Q. rubra</i< seedlings depends mainly on the availability of maternal trees, and the abundance of seedlings was highest in cutting areas. The vegetation with <i<Q. rubra</i< differed in the plant functional types and environmental factors. According to the three-table ordination method, while the cover of red oak only affected the canopy of the remaining species, a comparison of the invaded and uninvaded plots demonstrated that the sites that were occupied by <i<Q. rubra</i< had lower values of functional richness and evenness, thus indicating higher habitat filtering and a lower importance of competition. <i<Conclusions:</i< Forest management practices play the most crucial role in the self-regeneration and occurrence of <i<Q. rubra</i<. However, the role of red oak in shaping the species composition and functional diversity is rather low. afforestation cultivation forest management invasion Northern red oak Plant ecology In Forests MDPI AG, 2010 11(2020), 5, p 586 (DE-627)614095689 (DE-600)2527081-3 19994907 nnns volume:11 year:2020 number:5, p 586 https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050586 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/5/586 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2020 5, p 586
allfieldsGer	10.3390/f11050586 doi (DE-627)DOAJ071180893 (DE-599)DOAJ6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK900-989 Damian Chmura verfasserin aut The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Research Highlights: The factors that control the spread and regeneration of <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) and the functional diversity of invaded forest were studied in order to indicate the significant role of disturbances in a forest and the low functional richness and evenness of sites that are occupied by red oak. Background and Objectives: Red oak is one of the most frequent invasive trees from North America in Central Europe. It is also one of the most efficient self-regenerating invasive alien species in forests. The main goal of the study is to identify the characteristics of forest communities with a contribution of <i<Q. rubra</i<, and to assess its role in shaping the species diversity of these novel phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 phytosociological records that have a share of <i<Q. rubra</i< in southern Poland were collected, including 100 randomly chosen plots from which soil samples were taken. In addition, vegetation sampling was performed in 55 plots in the vicinities that were uninvaded. Results: The probability of the self-regeneration and cover of <i<Q. rubra</i< seedlings depends mainly on the availability of maternal trees, and the abundance of seedlings was highest in cutting areas. The vegetation with <i<Q. rubra</i< differed in the plant functional types and environmental factors. According to the three-table ordination method, while the cover of red oak only affected the canopy of the remaining species, a comparison of the invaded and uninvaded plots demonstrated that the sites that were occupied by <i<Q. rubra</i< had lower values of functional richness and evenness, thus indicating higher habitat filtering and a lower importance of competition. <i<Conclusions:</i< Forest management practices play the most crucial role in the self-regeneration and occurrence of <i<Q. rubra</i<. However, the role of red oak in shaping the species composition and functional diversity is rather low. afforestation cultivation forest management invasion Northern red oak Plant ecology In Forests MDPI AG, 2010 11(2020), 5, p 586 (DE-627)614095689 (DE-600)2527081-3 19994907 nnns volume:11 year:2020 number:5, p 586 https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050586 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/5/586 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2020 5, p 586
allfieldsSound	10.3390/f11050586 doi (DE-627)DOAJ071180893 (DE-599)DOAJ6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QK900-989 Damian Chmura verfasserin aut The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Research Highlights: The factors that control the spread and regeneration of <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) and the functional diversity of invaded forest were studied in order to indicate the significant role of disturbances in a forest and the low functional richness and evenness of sites that are occupied by red oak. Background and Objectives: Red oak is one of the most frequent invasive trees from North America in Central Europe. It is also one of the most efficient self-regenerating invasive alien species in forests. The main goal of the study is to identify the characteristics of forest communities with a contribution of <i<Q. rubra</i<, and to assess its role in shaping the species diversity of these novel phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 phytosociological records that have a share of <i<Q. rubra</i< in southern Poland were collected, including 100 randomly chosen plots from which soil samples were taken. In addition, vegetation sampling was performed in 55 plots in the vicinities that were uninvaded. Results: The probability of the self-regeneration and cover of <i<Q. rubra</i< seedlings depends mainly on the availability of maternal trees, and the abundance of seedlings was highest in cutting areas. The vegetation with <i<Q. rubra</i< differed in the plant functional types and environmental factors. According to the three-table ordination method, while the cover of red oak only affected the canopy of the remaining species, a comparison of the invaded and uninvaded plots demonstrated that the sites that were occupied by <i<Q. rubra</i< had lower values of functional richness and evenness, thus indicating higher habitat filtering and a lower importance of competition. <i<Conclusions:</i< Forest management practices play the most crucial role in the self-regeneration and occurrence of <i<Q. rubra</i<. However, the role of red oak in shaping the species composition and functional diversity is rather low. afforestation cultivation forest management invasion Northern red oak Plant ecology In Forests MDPI AG, 2010 11(2020), 5, p 586 (DE-627)614095689 (DE-600)2527081-3 19994907 nnns volume:11 year:2020 number:5, p 586 https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050586 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/5/586 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2020 5, p 586
language	English
source	In Forests 11(2020), 5, p 586 volume:11 year:2020 number:5, p 586
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Damian Chmura
spellingShingle	Damian Chmura misc QK900-989 misc afforestation misc cultivation misc forest management misc invasion misc Northern red oak misc Plant ecology The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe
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topic_title	QK900-989 The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe afforestation cultivation forest management invasion Northern red oak
topic	misc QK900-989 misc afforestation misc cultivation misc forest management misc invasion misc Northern red oak misc Plant ecology
topic_unstemmed	misc QK900-989 misc afforestation misc cultivation misc forest management misc invasion misc Northern red oak misc Plant ecology
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title	The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ071180893 (DE-599)DOAJ6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83
title_full	The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe
author_sort	Damian Chmura
journal	Forests
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title_sort	spread and role of the invasive alien tree <i<quercus rubra</i< (l.) in novel forest ecosystems in central europe
callnumber	QK900-989
title_auth	The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe
abstract	Research Highlights: The factors that control the spread and regeneration of <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) and the functional diversity of invaded forest were studied in order to indicate the significant role of disturbances in a forest and the low functional richness and evenness of sites that are occupied by red oak. Background and Objectives: Red oak is one of the most frequent invasive trees from North America in Central Europe. It is also one of the most efficient self-regenerating invasive alien species in forests. The main goal of the study is to identify the characteristics of forest communities with a contribution of <i<Q. rubra</i<, and to assess its role in shaping the species diversity of these novel phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 phytosociological records that have a share of <i<Q. rubra</i< in southern Poland were collected, including 100 randomly chosen plots from which soil samples were taken. In addition, vegetation sampling was performed in 55 plots in the vicinities that were uninvaded. Results: The probability of the self-regeneration and cover of <i<Q. rubra</i< seedlings depends mainly on the availability of maternal trees, and the abundance of seedlings was highest in cutting areas. The vegetation with <i<Q. rubra</i< differed in the plant functional types and environmental factors. According to the three-table ordination method, while the cover of red oak only affected the canopy of the remaining species, a comparison of the invaded and uninvaded plots demonstrated that the sites that were occupied by <i<Q. rubra</i< had lower values of functional richness and evenness, thus indicating higher habitat filtering and a lower importance of competition. <i<Conclusions:</i< Forest management practices play the most crucial role in the self-regeneration and occurrence of <i<Q. rubra</i<. However, the role of red oak in shaping the species composition and functional diversity is rather low.
abstractGer	Research Highlights: The factors that control the spread and regeneration of <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) and the functional diversity of invaded forest were studied in order to indicate the significant role of disturbances in a forest and the low functional richness and evenness of sites that are occupied by red oak. Background and Objectives: Red oak is one of the most frequent invasive trees from North America in Central Europe. It is also one of the most efficient self-regenerating invasive alien species in forests. The main goal of the study is to identify the characteristics of forest communities with a contribution of <i<Q. rubra</i<, and to assess its role in shaping the species diversity of these novel phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 phytosociological records that have a share of <i<Q. rubra</i< in southern Poland were collected, including 100 randomly chosen plots from which soil samples were taken. In addition, vegetation sampling was performed in 55 plots in the vicinities that were uninvaded. Results: The probability of the self-regeneration and cover of <i<Q. rubra</i< seedlings depends mainly on the availability of maternal trees, and the abundance of seedlings was highest in cutting areas. The vegetation with <i<Q. rubra</i< differed in the plant functional types and environmental factors. According to the three-table ordination method, while the cover of red oak only affected the canopy of the remaining species, a comparison of the invaded and uninvaded plots demonstrated that the sites that were occupied by <i<Q. rubra</i< had lower values of functional richness and evenness, thus indicating higher habitat filtering and a lower importance of competition. <i<Conclusions:</i< Forest management practices play the most crucial role in the self-regeneration and occurrence of <i<Q. rubra</i<. However, the role of red oak in shaping the species composition and functional diversity is rather low.
abstract_unstemmed	Research Highlights: The factors that control the spread and regeneration of <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) and the functional diversity of invaded forest were studied in order to indicate the significant role of disturbances in a forest and the low functional richness and evenness of sites that are occupied by red oak. Background and Objectives: Red oak is one of the most frequent invasive trees from North America in Central Europe. It is also one of the most efficient self-regenerating invasive alien species in forests. The main goal of the study is to identify the characteristics of forest communities with a contribution of <i<Q. rubra</i<, and to assess its role in shaping the species diversity of these novel phytocoenoses. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 phytosociological records that have a share of <i<Q. rubra</i< in southern Poland were collected, including 100 randomly chosen plots from which soil samples were taken. In addition, vegetation sampling was performed in 55 plots in the vicinities that were uninvaded. Results: The probability of the self-regeneration and cover of <i<Q. rubra</i< seedlings depends mainly on the availability of maternal trees, and the abundance of seedlings was highest in cutting areas. The vegetation with <i<Q. rubra</i< differed in the plant functional types and environmental factors. According to the three-table ordination method, while the cover of red oak only affected the canopy of the remaining species, a comparison of the invaded and uninvaded plots demonstrated that the sites that were occupied by <i<Q. rubra</i< had lower values of functional richness and evenness, thus indicating higher habitat filtering and a lower importance of competition. <i<Conclusions:</i< Forest management practices play the most crucial role in the self-regeneration and occurrence of <i<Q. rubra</i<. However, the role of red oak in shaping the species composition and functional diversity is rather low.
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container_issue	5, p 586
title_short	The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050586 https://doaj.org/article/6e2d05bd77d348ca877e04b624f34c83 https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/5/586 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4907
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The Spread and Role of the Invasive Alien Tree <i<Quercus rubra</i< (L.) in Novel Forest Ecosystems in Central Europe

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