Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essentiality and requirements: why and how to provide supplementation

Lipids comprize from 50-60% of the structural matter of the brain and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) is the most important omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain phospholipids comprizing 25% of the total fatty acids of the grey matter. The majority of the DHA present in the h...
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Autor*in:	Alfonso Valenzuela [verfasserIn] B. Julio Sanhueza [verfasserIn] Susana Nieto [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch ; Spanisch

Erschienen:	2006

Schlagwörter:	docosahexaenoic acid brain development docosahexaenoic acid supplementation docosahexaenoic acid sources

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Grasas y Aceites - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2008, 57(2006), 2, Seite 229-237
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:57 ; year:2006 ; number:2 ; pages:229-237

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.43

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ071614540

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spelling	10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.43 doi (DE-627)DOAJ071614540 (DE-599)DOAJ3821787a1c5242c6b09453725026f512 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng spa TX341-641 Alfonso Valenzuela verfasserin aut Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essentiality and requirements: why and how to provide supplementation 2006 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Lipids comprize from 50-60% of the structural matter of the brain and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) is the most important omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain phospholipids comprizing 25% of the total fatty acids of the grey matter. The majority of the DHA present in the human brain is incorporated during the brain growth spurt which starts at week 26 of gestation and imposes a high demand for the fatty acid until about 2 years of age. DHA is required during brain development when neuronal and glial differentiation and migration, and active myelination and synaptogenesis take place. The fatty acid must be incorporated into the brain lipids as preformed DHA because less than 5% of its precursor (alpha linolenic acid, LNA) is converted to DHA. The human foetus has a limited ability to synthesize DHA from LNA, and therefore it must be largely supplied from maternal sources. Maternal DHA available for foetal nutrition can be provided from three main sources: adipose tissue, which is the main reservoir for the fatty acid; through biosynthesis from the precursor LNA, which occurs mainly in the liver; and as preformed DHA from dietary sources. In the postnatal period DHA is provided by the mother to the newborn through milk secretion. Western nutrition provides low LNA and DHA and Expert Nutrition Committees suggest that mothers should receive DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. At present DHA supplementation can be provided from different sources: as purified free DHA, as an ethyl ester derivative, extracted from single-cell algae oils, from egg yolk phospholipids, or in the form of sn-2 DHA monoacylglycerol. In this review we revise and discuss the evidence of DHA requirements for the newborn, the need for maternal supplementation during pregnancy and nursing, and the alternatives at present for providing DHA supplementation. docosahexaenoic acid brain development docosahexaenoic acid supplementation docosahexaenoic acid sources Nutrition. Foods and food supply B. Julio Sanhueza verfasserin aut Susana Nieto verfasserin aut In Grasas y Aceites Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2008 57(2006), 2, Seite 229-237 (DE-627)556729714 (DE-600)2404101-4 19884214 nnns volume:57 year:2006 number:2 pages:229-237 https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.43 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3821787a1c5242c6b09453725026f512 kostenfrei http://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/43 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0017-3495 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1988-4214 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 57 2006 2 229-237
allfields_unstemmed	10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.43 doi (DE-627)DOAJ071614540 (DE-599)DOAJ3821787a1c5242c6b09453725026f512 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng spa TX341-641 Alfonso Valenzuela verfasserin aut Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essentiality and requirements: why and how to provide supplementation 2006 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Lipids comprize from 50-60% of the structural matter of the brain and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) is the most important omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain phospholipids comprizing 25% of the total fatty acids of the grey matter. The majority of the DHA present in the human brain is incorporated during the brain growth spurt which starts at week 26 of gestation and imposes a high demand for the fatty acid until about 2 years of age. DHA is required during brain development when neuronal and glial differentiation and migration, and active myelination and synaptogenesis take place. The fatty acid must be incorporated into the brain lipids as preformed DHA because less than 5% of its precursor (alpha linolenic acid, LNA) is converted to DHA. The human foetus has a limited ability to synthesize DHA from LNA, and therefore it must be largely supplied from maternal sources. Maternal DHA available for foetal nutrition can be provided from three main sources: adipose tissue, which is the main reservoir for the fatty acid; through biosynthesis from the precursor LNA, which occurs mainly in the liver; and as preformed DHA from dietary sources. In the postnatal period DHA is provided by the mother to the newborn through milk secretion. Western nutrition provides low LNA and DHA and Expert Nutrition Committees suggest that mothers should receive DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. At present DHA supplementation can be provided from different sources: as purified free DHA, as an ethyl ester derivative, extracted from single-cell algae oils, from egg yolk phospholipids, or in the form of sn-2 DHA monoacylglycerol. In this review we revise and discuss the evidence of DHA requirements for the newborn, the need for maternal supplementation during pregnancy and nursing, and the alternatives at present for providing DHA supplementation. docosahexaenoic acid brain development docosahexaenoic acid supplementation docosahexaenoic acid sources Nutrition. Foods and food supply B. Julio Sanhueza verfasserin aut Susana Nieto verfasserin aut In Grasas y Aceites Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2008 57(2006), 2, Seite 229-237 (DE-627)556729714 (DE-600)2404101-4 19884214 nnns volume:57 year:2006 number:2 pages:229-237 https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.43 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3821787a1c5242c6b09453725026f512 kostenfrei http://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/43 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0017-3495 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1988-4214 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 57 2006 2 229-237
allfieldsGer	10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.43 doi (DE-627)DOAJ071614540 (DE-599)DOAJ3821787a1c5242c6b09453725026f512 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng spa TX341-641 Alfonso Valenzuela verfasserin aut Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essentiality and requirements: why and how to provide supplementation 2006 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Lipids comprize from 50-60% of the structural matter of the brain and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) is the most important omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain phospholipids comprizing 25% of the total fatty acids of the grey matter. The majority of the DHA present in the human brain is incorporated during the brain growth spurt which starts at week 26 of gestation and imposes a high demand for the fatty acid until about 2 years of age. DHA is required during brain development when neuronal and glial differentiation and migration, and active myelination and synaptogenesis take place. The fatty acid must be incorporated into the brain lipids as preformed DHA because less than 5% of its precursor (alpha linolenic acid, LNA) is converted to DHA. The human foetus has a limited ability to synthesize DHA from LNA, and therefore it must be largely supplied from maternal sources. Maternal DHA available for foetal nutrition can be provided from three main sources: adipose tissue, which is the main reservoir for the fatty acid; through biosynthesis from the precursor LNA, which occurs mainly in the liver; and as preformed DHA from dietary sources. In the postnatal period DHA is provided by the mother to the newborn through milk secretion. Western nutrition provides low LNA and DHA and Expert Nutrition Committees suggest that mothers should receive DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. At present DHA supplementation can be provided from different sources: as purified free DHA, as an ethyl ester derivative, extracted from single-cell algae oils, from egg yolk phospholipids, or in the form of sn-2 DHA monoacylglycerol. In this review we revise and discuss the evidence of DHA requirements for the newborn, the need for maternal supplementation during pregnancy and nursing, and the alternatives at present for providing DHA supplementation. docosahexaenoic acid brain development docosahexaenoic acid supplementation docosahexaenoic acid sources Nutrition. Foods and food supply B. Julio Sanhueza verfasserin aut Susana Nieto verfasserin aut In Grasas y Aceites Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2008 57(2006), 2, Seite 229-237 (DE-627)556729714 (DE-600)2404101-4 19884214 nnns volume:57 year:2006 number:2 pages:229-237 https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.43 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3821787a1c5242c6b09453725026f512 kostenfrei http://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/43 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0017-3495 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1988-4214 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 57 2006 2 229-237
allfieldsSound	10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.43 doi (DE-627)DOAJ071614540 (DE-599)DOAJ3821787a1c5242c6b09453725026f512 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng spa TX341-641 Alfonso Valenzuela verfasserin aut Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essentiality and requirements: why and how to provide supplementation 2006 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Lipids comprize from 50-60% of the structural matter of the brain and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) is the most important omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain phospholipids comprizing 25% of the total fatty acids of the grey matter. The majority of the DHA present in the human brain is incorporated during the brain growth spurt which starts at week 26 of gestation and imposes a high demand for the fatty acid until about 2 years of age. DHA is required during brain development when neuronal and glial differentiation and migration, and active myelination and synaptogenesis take place. The fatty acid must be incorporated into the brain lipids as preformed DHA because less than 5% of its precursor (alpha linolenic acid, LNA) is converted to DHA. The human foetus has a limited ability to synthesize DHA from LNA, and therefore it must be largely supplied from maternal sources. Maternal DHA available for foetal nutrition can be provided from three main sources: adipose tissue, which is the main reservoir for the fatty acid; through biosynthesis from the precursor LNA, which occurs mainly in the liver; and as preformed DHA from dietary sources. In the postnatal period DHA is provided by the mother to the newborn through milk secretion. Western nutrition provides low LNA and DHA and Expert Nutrition Committees suggest that mothers should receive DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. At present DHA supplementation can be provided from different sources: as purified free DHA, as an ethyl ester derivative, extracted from single-cell algae oils, from egg yolk phospholipids, or in the form of sn-2 DHA monoacylglycerol. In this review we revise and discuss the evidence of DHA requirements for the newborn, the need for maternal supplementation during pregnancy and nursing, and the alternatives at present for providing DHA supplementation. docosahexaenoic acid brain development docosahexaenoic acid supplementation docosahexaenoic acid sources Nutrition. Foods and food supply B. Julio Sanhueza verfasserin aut Susana Nieto verfasserin aut In Grasas y Aceites Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2008 57(2006), 2, Seite 229-237 (DE-627)556729714 (DE-600)2404101-4 19884214 nnns volume:57 year:2006 number:2 pages:229-237 https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.2006.v57.i2.43 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3821787a1c5242c6b09453725026f512 kostenfrei http://grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es/index.php/grasasyaceites/article/view/43 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0017-3495 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1988-4214 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 57 2006 2 229-237
language	English Spanish
source	In Grasas y Aceites 57(2006), 2, Seite 229-237 volume:57 year:2006 number:2 pages:229-237
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topic_facet	docosahexaenoic acid brain development docosahexaenoic acid supplementation docosahexaenoic acid sources Nutrition. Foods and food supply
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topic_title	TX341-641 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essentiality and requirements: why and how to provide supplementation docosahexaenoic acid brain development docosahexaenoic acid supplementation docosahexaenoic acid sources
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title	Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essentiality and requirements: why and how to provide supplementation
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title_full	Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essentiality and requirements: why and how to provide supplementation
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author_browse	Alfonso Valenzuela B. Julio Sanhueza Susana Nieto
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title_sort	docosahexaenoic acid (dha), essentiality and requirements: why and how to provide supplementation
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title_auth	Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essentiality and requirements: why and how to provide supplementation
abstract	Lipids comprize from 50-60% of the structural matter of the brain and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) is the most important omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain phospholipids comprizing 25% of the total fatty acids of the grey matter. The majority of the DHA present in the human brain is incorporated during the brain growth spurt which starts at week 26 of gestation and imposes a high demand for the fatty acid until about 2 years of age. DHA is required during brain development when neuronal and glial differentiation and migration, and active myelination and synaptogenesis take place. The fatty acid must be incorporated into the brain lipids as preformed DHA because less than 5% of its precursor (alpha linolenic acid, LNA) is converted to DHA. The human foetus has a limited ability to synthesize DHA from LNA, and therefore it must be largely supplied from maternal sources. Maternal DHA available for foetal nutrition can be provided from three main sources: adipose tissue, which is the main reservoir for the fatty acid; through biosynthesis from the precursor LNA, which occurs mainly in the liver; and as preformed DHA from dietary sources. In the postnatal period DHA is provided by the mother to the newborn through milk secretion. Western nutrition provides low LNA and DHA and Expert Nutrition Committees suggest that mothers should receive DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. At present DHA supplementation can be provided from different sources: as purified free DHA, as an ethyl ester derivative, extracted from single-cell algae oils, from egg yolk phospholipids, or in the form of sn-2 DHA monoacylglycerol. In this review we revise and discuss the evidence of DHA requirements for the newborn, the need for maternal supplementation during pregnancy and nursing, and the alternatives at present for providing DHA supplementation.
abstractGer	Lipids comprize from 50-60% of the structural matter of the brain and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) is the most important omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain phospholipids comprizing 25% of the total fatty acids of the grey matter. The majority of the DHA present in the human brain is incorporated during the brain growth spurt which starts at week 26 of gestation and imposes a high demand for the fatty acid until about 2 years of age. DHA is required during brain development when neuronal and glial differentiation and migration, and active myelination and synaptogenesis take place. The fatty acid must be incorporated into the brain lipids as preformed DHA because less than 5% of its precursor (alpha linolenic acid, LNA) is converted to DHA. The human foetus has a limited ability to synthesize DHA from LNA, and therefore it must be largely supplied from maternal sources. Maternal DHA available for foetal nutrition can be provided from three main sources: adipose tissue, which is the main reservoir for the fatty acid; through biosynthesis from the precursor LNA, which occurs mainly in the liver; and as preformed DHA from dietary sources. In the postnatal period DHA is provided by the mother to the newborn through milk secretion. Western nutrition provides low LNA and DHA and Expert Nutrition Committees suggest that mothers should receive DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. At present DHA supplementation can be provided from different sources: as purified free DHA, as an ethyl ester derivative, extracted from single-cell algae oils, from egg yolk phospholipids, or in the form of sn-2 DHA monoacylglycerol. In this review we revise and discuss the evidence of DHA requirements for the newborn, the need for maternal supplementation during pregnancy and nursing, and the alternatives at present for providing DHA supplementation.
abstract_unstemmed	Lipids comprize from 50-60% of the structural matter of the brain and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) is the most important omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain phospholipids comprizing 25% of the total fatty acids of the grey matter. The majority of the DHA present in the human brain is incorporated during the brain growth spurt which starts at week 26 of gestation and imposes a high demand for the fatty acid until about 2 years of age. DHA is required during brain development when neuronal and glial differentiation and migration, and active myelination and synaptogenesis take place. The fatty acid must be incorporated into the brain lipids as preformed DHA because less than 5% of its precursor (alpha linolenic acid, LNA) is converted to DHA. The human foetus has a limited ability to synthesize DHA from LNA, and therefore it must be largely supplied from maternal sources. Maternal DHA available for foetal nutrition can be provided from three main sources: adipose tissue, which is the main reservoir for the fatty acid; through biosynthesis from the precursor LNA, which occurs mainly in the liver; and as preformed DHA from dietary sources. In the postnatal period DHA is provided by the mother to the newborn through milk secretion. Western nutrition provides low LNA and DHA and Expert Nutrition Committees suggest that mothers should receive DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. At present DHA supplementation can be provided from different sources: as purified free DHA, as an ethyl ester derivative, extracted from single-cell algae oils, from egg yolk phospholipids, or in the form of sn-2 DHA monoacylglycerol. In this review we revise and discuss the evidence of DHA requirements for the newborn, the need for maternal supplementation during pregnancy and nursing, and the alternatives at present for providing DHA supplementation.
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title_short	Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), essentiality and requirements: why and how to provide supplementation
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