DMI-Fungicide Resistance in <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, the Causal Agent of Asian Pear Scab—How Reliable Are Mycelial Growth Tests in Culture?

Scab, caused by <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, is among the most serious diseases of Asian pears and control of this disease largely relies on sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. However, pear growers have complained about field performance of DMIs since the mid-2000s. In this s...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Hideo Ishii [verfasserIn] Hans Jorgen Cools [verfasserIn] Kumiko Nishimura [verfasserIn] Lorenzo Borghi [verfasserIn] Kenji Kikuhara [verfasserIn] Yuichi Yamaoka [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	CYP51 DMIs fungicide resistance pear scab sensitivity tests

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Microorganisms - MDPI AG, 2013, 9(2021), 7, p 1377
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:2021 ; number:7, p 1377

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/microorganisms9071377

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ072091304

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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Hideo Ishii @@aut@@ Hans Jorgen Cools @@aut@@ Kumiko Nishimura @@aut@@ Lorenzo Borghi @@aut@@ Kenji Kikuhara @@aut@@ Yuichi Yamaoka @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Hideo Ishii
spellingShingle	Hideo Ishii misc QH301-705.5 misc CYP51 misc DMIs misc fungicide resistance misc pear scab misc sensitivity tests misc <i<Venturia nashicola</i< misc Biology (General) DMI-Fungicide Resistance in <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, the Causal Agent of Asian Pear Scab—How Reliable Are Mycelial Growth Tests in Culture?
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topic_title	QH301-705.5 DMI-Fungicide Resistance in <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, the Causal Agent of Asian Pear Scab—How Reliable Are Mycelial Growth Tests in Culture? CYP51 DMIs fungicide resistance pear scab sensitivity tests <i<Venturia nashicola</i<
topic	misc QH301-705.5 misc CYP51 misc DMIs misc fungicide resistance misc pear scab misc sensitivity tests misc <i<Venturia nashicola</i< misc Biology (General)
topic_unstemmed	misc QH301-705.5 misc CYP51 misc DMIs misc fungicide resistance misc pear scab misc sensitivity tests misc <i<Venturia nashicola</i< misc Biology (General)
topic_browse	misc QH301-705.5 misc CYP51 misc DMIs misc fungicide resistance misc pear scab misc sensitivity tests misc <i<Venturia nashicola</i< misc Biology (General)
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title	DMI-Fungicide Resistance in <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, the Causal Agent of Asian Pear Scab—How Reliable Are Mycelial Growth Tests in Culture?
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title_full	DMI-Fungicide Resistance in <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, the Causal Agent of Asian Pear Scab—How Reliable Are Mycelial Growth Tests in Culture?
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author_browse	Hideo Ishii Hans Jorgen Cools Kumiko Nishimura Lorenzo Borghi Kenji Kikuhara Yuichi Yamaoka
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title_sort	dmi-fungicide resistance in <i<venturia nashicola</i<, the causal agent of asian pear scab—how reliable are mycelial growth tests in culture?
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title_auth	DMI-Fungicide Resistance in <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, the Causal Agent of Asian Pear Scab—How Reliable Are Mycelial Growth Tests in Culture?
abstract	Scab, caused by <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, is among the most serious diseases of Asian pears and control of this disease largely relies on sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. However, pear growers have complained about field performance of DMIs since the mid-2000s. In this study, to evaluate pathogen sensitivity, mycelial growth tests and inoculation tests were conducted using DMI-amended culture medium and fungicide-sprayed potted pear trees, respectively. Results confirmed distribution of isolates resistant to fenarimol, hexaconazole, and difenoconazole in the field populations. Importantly, results from tests in culture did not fully correlate with those from tests in planta. Due to phenotypic instability of resistance and poor sporulation of this pathogen in culture, resistance is generally assessed by laborious and time-consuming inoculation with conidia collected from a field. To improve the result interpretation from in vitro tests, the isolates were genotyped: the <i<CYP51</i< gene which encodes the target sterol 14α-demethylase was sequenced and various mutations have been detected in the coding sequence of DMI-resistant isolates. In addition to the detected single nucleotide polymorphisms, alternative mechanisms, not based on changes in the structure of the target protein, may also increase DMI resistance. Development of molecular methods for the diagnosis of DMI resistance seems to be challenging in <i<V</i<. <i<nashicola</i<.
abstractGer	Scab, caused by <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, is among the most serious diseases of Asian pears and control of this disease largely relies on sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. However, pear growers have complained about field performance of DMIs since the mid-2000s. In this study, to evaluate pathogen sensitivity, mycelial growth tests and inoculation tests were conducted using DMI-amended culture medium and fungicide-sprayed potted pear trees, respectively. Results confirmed distribution of isolates resistant to fenarimol, hexaconazole, and difenoconazole in the field populations. Importantly, results from tests in culture did not fully correlate with those from tests in planta. Due to phenotypic instability of resistance and poor sporulation of this pathogen in culture, resistance is generally assessed by laborious and time-consuming inoculation with conidia collected from a field. To improve the result interpretation from in vitro tests, the isolates were genotyped: the <i<CYP51</i< gene which encodes the target sterol 14α-demethylase was sequenced and various mutations have been detected in the coding sequence of DMI-resistant isolates. In addition to the detected single nucleotide polymorphisms, alternative mechanisms, not based on changes in the structure of the target protein, may also increase DMI resistance. Development of molecular methods for the diagnosis of DMI resistance seems to be challenging in <i<V</i<. <i<nashicola</i<.
abstract_unstemmed	Scab, caused by <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, is among the most serious diseases of Asian pears and control of this disease largely relies on sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. However, pear growers have complained about field performance of DMIs since the mid-2000s. In this study, to evaluate pathogen sensitivity, mycelial growth tests and inoculation tests were conducted using DMI-amended culture medium and fungicide-sprayed potted pear trees, respectively. Results confirmed distribution of isolates resistant to fenarimol, hexaconazole, and difenoconazole in the field populations. Importantly, results from tests in culture did not fully correlate with those from tests in planta. Due to phenotypic instability of resistance and poor sporulation of this pathogen in culture, resistance is generally assessed by laborious and time-consuming inoculation with conidia collected from a field. To improve the result interpretation from in vitro tests, the isolates were genotyped: the <i<CYP51</i< gene which encodes the target sterol 14α-demethylase was sequenced and various mutations have been detected in the coding sequence of DMI-resistant isolates. In addition to the detected single nucleotide polymorphisms, alternative mechanisms, not based on changes in the structure of the target protein, may also increase DMI resistance. Development of molecular methods for the diagnosis of DMI resistance seems to be challenging in <i<V</i<. <i<nashicola</i<.
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title_short	DMI-Fungicide Resistance in <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, the Causal Agent of Asian Pear Scab—How Reliable Are Mycelial Growth Tests in Culture?
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071377 https://doaj.org/article/2db706340504484e936efc3e6c5bb0fc https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/7/1377 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607
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author2	Hans Jorgen Cools Kumiko Nishimura Lorenzo Borghi Kenji Kikuhara Yuichi Yamaoka
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In addition to the detected single nucleotide polymorphisms, alternative mechanisms, not based on changes in the structure of the target protein, may also increase DMI resistance. 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DMI-Fungicide Resistance in <i<Venturia nashicola</i<, the Causal Agent of Asian Pear Scab—How Reliable Are Mycelial Growth Tests in Culture?

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