Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impact of the sternotomy wires on the characteristics of ultra wideband (UWB) radio propagation channel in the human chest area. The study is conducted using two simulation models: a planar layer model and a three-dimensional elliptical layer model. T...
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Autor*in:	Mariella SarestoNiemi [verfasserIn] Carlos Pomalaza-raez [verfasserIn] Zhuming Bi [verfasserIn] Timo Kumpuniemi [verfasserIn] Chaimaa Kissi [verfasserIn] Marko Sonkki [verfasserIn] Matti Hamalainen [verfasserIn] Jari Iinattit [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	In-body propagation medical implants monitoring device radio channel sternum closure method wireless body area networks

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: IEEE Access - IEEE, 2014, 7(2019), Seite 74670-74682
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:7 ; year:2019 ; pages:74670-74682

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ072703563

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520			\|a This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impact of the sternotomy wires on the characteristics of ultra wideband (UWB) radio propagation channel in the human chest area. The study is conducted using two simulation models: a planar layer model and a three-dimensional elliptical layer model. The study includes antennas designed for on-body and in-body communications. Furthermore, the measured data and propagation path calculations are presented to verify the simulation results. The main purpose is to show how the steel wires affect the on-body channel characteristics and in-body propagation within the tissues when the monitoring antennas are located in close vicinity of the human body. The study is conducted by evaluating: 1) channel characteristics in both frequency and time domains; 2) 2D power flow figures; and 3) Poynting vector values. Furthermore, the impact of the fat layer thickness on the visibility of sternotomy wires is studied. Moreover, the impact of sternotomy wires is studied for the case of the recently operated patient, for which the sternotomy wires are on the sternum bone surface, as well as for the case where the sternotomy wires are embedded into the sternum bone. It is found that sternotomy wires have a clear impact on the channel. The strength of the impact depends on the antenna types used by the monitoring devices, the thickness of the fat layer in the sternum area, and whether the sternotomy wires are on the sternum surface or whether they have already been embedded on the sternum as it happens with time.
650		4	\|a In-body propagation
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allfields	10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067 doi (DE-627)DOAJ072703563 (DE-599)DOAJ50ed2276b85240b780355824478e5e4e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK1-9971 Mariella SarestoNiemi verfasserin aut Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impact of the sternotomy wires on the characteristics of ultra wideband (UWB) radio propagation channel in the human chest area. The study is conducted using two simulation models: a planar layer model and a three-dimensional elliptical layer model. The study includes antennas designed for on-body and in-body communications. Furthermore, the measured data and propagation path calculations are presented to verify the simulation results. The main purpose is to show how the steel wires affect the on-body channel characteristics and in-body propagation within the tissues when the monitoring antennas are located in close vicinity of the human body. The study is conducted by evaluating: 1) channel characteristics in both frequency and time domains; 2) 2D power flow figures; and 3) Poynting vector values. Furthermore, the impact of the fat layer thickness on the visibility of sternotomy wires is studied. Moreover, the impact of sternotomy wires is studied for the case of the recently operated patient, for which the sternotomy wires are on the sternum bone surface, as well as for the case where the sternotomy wires are embedded into the sternum bone. It is found that sternotomy wires have a clear impact on the channel. The strength of the impact depends on the antenna types used by the monitoring devices, the thickness of the fat layer in the sternum area, and whether the sternotomy wires are on the sternum surface or whether they have already been embedded on the sternum as it happens with time. In-body propagation medical implants monitoring device radio channel sternum closure method wireless body area networks Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering Carlos Pomalaza-raez verfasserin aut Zhuming Bi verfasserin aut Timo Kumpuniemi verfasserin aut Chaimaa Kissi verfasserin aut Marko Sonkki verfasserin aut Matti Hamalainen verfasserin aut Jari Iinattit verfasserin aut In IEEE Access IEEE, 2014 7(2019), Seite 74670-74682 (DE-627)728440385 (DE-600)2687964-5 21693536 nnns volume:7 year:2019 pages:74670-74682 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/50ed2276b85240b780355824478e5e4e kostenfrei https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8726335/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2019 74670-74682
spelling	10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067 doi (DE-627)DOAJ072703563 (DE-599)DOAJ50ed2276b85240b780355824478e5e4e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK1-9971 Mariella SarestoNiemi verfasserin aut Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impact of the sternotomy wires on the characteristics of ultra wideband (UWB) radio propagation channel in the human chest area. The study is conducted using two simulation models: a planar layer model and a three-dimensional elliptical layer model. The study includes antennas designed for on-body and in-body communications. Furthermore, the measured data and propagation path calculations are presented to verify the simulation results. The main purpose is to show how the steel wires affect the on-body channel characteristics and in-body propagation within the tissues when the monitoring antennas are located in close vicinity of the human body. The study is conducted by evaluating: 1) channel characteristics in both frequency and time domains; 2) 2D power flow figures; and 3) Poynting vector values. Furthermore, the impact of the fat layer thickness on the visibility of sternotomy wires is studied. Moreover, the impact of sternotomy wires is studied for the case of the recently operated patient, for which the sternotomy wires are on the sternum bone surface, as well as for the case where the sternotomy wires are embedded into the sternum bone. It is found that sternotomy wires have a clear impact on the channel. The strength of the impact depends on the antenna types used by the monitoring devices, the thickness of the fat layer in the sternum area, and whether the sternotomy wires are on the sternum surface or whether they have already been embedded on the sternum as it happens with time. In-body propagation medical implants monitoring device radio channel sternum closure method wireless body area networks Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering Carlos Pomalaza-raez verfasserin aut Zhuming Bi verfasserin aut Timo Kumpuniemi verfasserin aut Chaimaa Kissi verfasserin aut Marko Sonkki verfasserin aut Matti Hamalainen verfasserin aut Jari Iinattit verfasserin aut In IEEE Access IEEE, 2014 7(2019), Seite 74670-74682 (DE-627)728440385 (DE-600)2687964-5 21693536 nnns volume:7 year:2019 pages:74670-74682 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/50ed2276b85240b780355824478e5e4e kostenfrei https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8726335/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2019 74670-74682
allfields_unstemmed	10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067 doi (DE-627)DOAJ072703563 (DE-599)DOAJ50ed2276b85240b780355824478e5e4e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK1-9971 Mariella SarestoNiemi verfasserin aut Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impact of the sternotomy wires on the characteristics of ultra wideband (UWB) radio propagation channel in the human chest area. The study is conducted using two simulation models: a planar layer model and a three-dimensional elliptical layer model. The study includes antennas designed for on-body and in-body communications. Furthermore, the measured data and propagation path calculations are presented to verify the simulation results. The main purpose is to show how the steel wires affect the on-body channel characteristics and in-body propagation within the tissues when the monitoring antennas are located in close vicinity of the human body. The study is conducted by evaluating: 1) channel characteristics in both frequency and time domains; 2) 2D power flow figures; and 3) Poynting vector values. Furthermore, the impact of the fat layer thickness on the visibility of sternotomy wires is studied. Moreover, the impact of sternotomy wires is studied for the case of the recently operated patient, for which the sternotomy wires are on the sternum bone surface, as well as for the case where the sternotomy wires are embedded into the sternum bone. It is found that sternotomy wires have a clear impact on the channel. The strength of the impact depends on the antenna types used by the monitoring devices, the thickness of the fat layer in the sternum area, and whether the sternotomy wires are on the sternum surface or whether they have already been embedded on the sternum as it happens with time. In-body propagation medical implants monitoring device radio channel sternum closure method wireless body area networks Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering Carlos Pomalaza-raez verfasserin aut Zhuming Bi verfasserin aut Timo Kumpuniemi verfasserin aut Chaimaa Kissi verfasserin aut Marko Sonkki verfasserin aut Matti Hamalainen verfasserin aut Jari Iinattit verfasserin aut In IEEE Access IEEE, 2014 7(2019), Seite 74670-74682 (DE-627)728440385 (DE-600)2687964-5 21693536 nnns volume:7 year:2019 pages:74670-74682 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/50ed2276b85240b780355824478e5e4e kostenfrei https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8726335/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2019 74670-74682
allfieldsGer	10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067 doi (DE-627)DOAJ072703563 (DE-599)DOAJ50ed2276b85240b780355824478e5e4e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK1-9971 Mariella SarestoNiemi verfasserin aut Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impact of the sternotomy wires on the characteristics of ultra wideband (UWB) radio propagation channel in the human chest area. The study is conducted using two simulation models: a planar layer model and a three-dimensional elliptical layer model. The study includes antennas designed for on-body and in-body communications. Furthermore, the measured data and propagation path calculations are presented to verify the simulation results. The main purpose is to show how the steel wires affect the on-body channel characteristics and in-body propagation within the tissues when the monitoring antennas are located in close vicinity of the human body. The study is conducted by evaluating: 1) channel characteristics in both frequency and time domains; 2) 2D power flow figures; and 3) Poynting vector values. Furthermore, the impact of the fat layer thickness on the visibility of sternotomy wires is studied. Moreover, the impact of sternotomy wires is studied for the case of the recently operated patient, for which the sternotomy wires are on the sternum bone surface, as well as for the case where the sternotomy wires are embedded into the sternum bone. It is found that sternotomy wires have a clear impact on the channel. The strength of the impact depends on the antenna types used by the monitoring devices, the thickness of the fat layer in the sternum area, and whether the sternotomy wires are on the sternum surface or whether they have already been embedded on the sternum as it happens with time. In-body propagation medical implants monitoring device radio channel sternum closure method wireless body area networks Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering Carlos Pomalaza-raez verfasserin aut Zhuming Bi verfasserin aut Timo Kumpuniemi verfasserin aut Chaimaa Kissi verfasserin aut Marko Sonkki verfasserin aut Matti Hamalainen verfasserin aut Jari Iinattit verfasserin aut In IEEE Access IEEE, 2014 7(2019), Seite 74670-74682 (DE-627)728440385 (DE-600)2687964-5 21693536 nnns volume:7 year:2019 pages:74670-74682 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/50ed2276b85240b780355824478e5e4e kostenfrei https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8726335/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2019 74670-74682
allfieldsSound	10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067 doi (DE-627)DOAJ072703563 (DE-599)DOAJ50ed2276b85240b780355824478e5e4e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TK1-9971 Mariella SarestoNiemi verfasserin aut Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impact of the sternotomy wires on the characteristics of ultra wideband (UWB) radio propagation channel in the human chest area. The study is conducted using two simulation models: a planar layer model and a three-dimensional elliptical layer model. The study includes antennas designed for on-body and in-body communications. Furthermore, the measured data and propagation path calculations are presented to verify the simulation results. The main purpose is to show how the steel wires affect the on-body channel characteristics and in-body propagation within the tissues when the monitoring antennas are located in close vicinity of the human body. The study is conducted by evaluating: 1) channel characteristics in both frequency and time domains; 2) 2D power flow figures; and 3) Poynting vector values. Furthermore, the impact of the fat layer thickness on the visibility of sternotomy wires is studied. Moreover, the impact of sternotomy wires is studied for the case of the recently operated patient, for which the sternotomy wires are on the sternum bone surface, as well as for the case where the sternotomy wires are embedded into the sternum bone. It is found that sternotomy wires have a clear impact on the channel. The strength of the impact depends on the antenna types used by the monitoring devices, the thickness of the fat layer in the sternum area, and whether the sternotomy wires are on the sternum surface or whether they have already been embedded on the sternum as it happens with time. In-body propagation medical implants monitoring device radio channel sternum closure method wireless body area networks Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering Carlos Pomalaza-raez verfasserin aut Zhuming Bi verfasserin aut Timo Kumpuniemi verfasserin aut Chaimaa Kissi verfasserin aut Marko Sonkki verfasserin aut Matti Hamalainen verfasserin aut Jari Iinattit verfasserin aut In IEEE Access IEEE, 2014 7(2019), Seite 74670-74682 (DE-627)728440385 (DE-600)2687964-5 21693536 nnns volume:7 year:2019 pages:74670-74682 https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/50ed2276b85240b780355824478e5e4e kostenfrei https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8726335/ kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2019 74670-74682
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Mariella SarestoNiemi
spellingShingle	Mariella SarestoNiemi misc TK1-9971 misc In-body propagation misc medical implants misc monitoring device misc radio channel misc sternum closure method misc wireless body area networks misc Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area
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topic_title	TK1-9971 Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area In-body propagation medical implants monitoring device radio channel sternum closure method wireless body area networks
topic	misc TK1-9971 misc In-body propagation misc medical implants misc monitoring device misc radio channel misc sternum closure method misc wireless body area networks misc Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
topic_unstemmed	misc TK1-9971 misc In-body propagation misc medical implants misc monitoring device misc radio channel misc sternum closure method misc wireless body area networks misc Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
topic_browse	misc TK1-9971 misc In-body propagation misc medical implants misc monitoring device misc radio channel misc sternum closure method misc wireless body area networks misc Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
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title	Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area
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title_full	Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area
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title_sort	comprehensive study on the impact of sternotomy wires on uwb wban channel characteristics on the human chest area
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title_auth	Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area
abstract	This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impact of the sternotomy wires on the characteristics of ultra wideband (UWB) radio propagation channel in the human chest area. The study is conducted using two simulation models: a planar layer model and a three-dimensional elliptical layer model. The study includes antennas designed for on-body and in-body communications. Furthermore, the measured data and propagation path calculations are presented to verify the simulation results. The main purpose is to show how the steel wires affect the on-body channel characteristics and in-body propagation within the tissues when the monitoring antennas are located in close vicinity of the human body. The study is conducted by evaluating: 1) channel characteristics in both frequency and time domains; 2) 2D power flow figures; and 3) Poynting vector values. Furthermore, the impact of the fat layer thickness on the visibility of sternotomy wires is studied. Moreover, the impact of sternotomy wires is studied for the case of the recently operated patient, for which the sternotomy wires are on the sternum bone surface, as well as for the case where the sternotomy wires are embedded into the sternum bone. It is found that sternotomy wires have a clear impact on the channel. The strength of the impact depends on the antenna types used by the monitoring devices, the thickness of the fat layer in the sternum area, and whether the sternotomy wires are on the sternum surface or whether they have already been embedded on the sternum as it happens with time.
abstractGer	This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impact of the sternotomy wires on the characteristics of ultra wideband (UWB) radio propagation channel in the human chest area. The study is conducted using two simulation models: a planar layer model and a three-dimensional elliptical layer model. The study includes antennas designed for on-body and in-body communications. Furthermore, the measured data and propagation path calculations are presented to verify the simulation results. The main purpose is to show how the steel wires affect the on-body channel characteristics and in-body propagation within the tissues when the monitoring antennas are located in close vicinity of the human body. The study is conducted by evaluating: 1) channel characteristics in both frequency and time domains; 2) 2D power flow figures; and 3) Poynting vector values. Furthermore, the impact of the fat layer thickness on the visibility of sternotomy wires is studied. Moreover, the impact of sternotomy wires is studied for the case of the recently operated patient, for which the sternotomy wires are on the sternum bone surface, as well as for the case where the sternotomy wires are embedded into the sternum bone. It is found that sternotomy wires have a clear impact on the channel. The strength of the impact depends on the antenna types used by the monitoring devices, the thickness of the fat layer in the sternum area, and whether the sternotomy wires are on the sternum surface or whether they have already been embedded on the sternum as it happens with time.
abstract_unstemmed	This paper presents a comprehensive study on the impact of the sternotomy wires on the characteristics of ultra wideband (UWB) radio propagation channel in the human chest area. The study is conducted using two simulation models: a planar layer model and a three-dimensional elliptical layer model. The study includes antennas designed for on-body and in-body communications. Furthermore, the measured data and propagation path calculations are presented to verify the simulation results. The main purpose is to show how the steel wires affect the on-body channel characteristics and in-body propagation within the tissues when the monitoring antennas are located in close vicinity of the human body. The study is conducted by evaluating: 1) channel characteristics in both frequency and time domains; 2) 2D power flow figures; and 3) Poynting vector values. Furthermore, the impact of the fat layer thickness on the visibility of sternotomy wires is studied. Moreover, the impact of sternotomy wires is studied for the case of the recently operated patient, for which the sternotomy wires are on the sternum bone surface, as well as for the case where the sternotomy wires are embedded into the sternum bone. It is found that sternotomy wires have a clear impact on the channel. The strength of the impact depends on the antenna types used by the monitoring devices, the thickness of the fat layer in the sternum area, and whether the sternotomy wires are on the sternum surface or whether they have already been embedded on the sternum as it happens with time.
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title_short	Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area
url	https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2920067 https://doaj.org/article/50ed2276b85240b780355824478e5e4e https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8726335/ https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536
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author2	Carlos Pomalaza-raez Zhuming Bi Timo Kumpuniemi Chaimaa Kissi Marko Sonkki Matti Hamalainen Jari Iinattit
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up_date	2024-07-03T13:35:48.699Z
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Moreover, the impact of sternotomy wires is studied for the case of the recently operated patient, for which the sternotomy wires are on the sternum bone surface, as well as for the case where the sternotomy wires are embedded into the sternum bone. It is found that sternotomy wires have a clear impact on the channel. 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Comprehensive Study on the Impact of Sternotomy Wires on UWB WBAN Channel Characteristics on the Human Chest Area

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