A new type fractional CO2 laser in treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation: report of 120 cases
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of a new type fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation. Methods A total of 120 patients who were diagnosed with postpartum vaginal relaxation in our postpartum pelvic rehabilitation clinic of the obstetrics...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
LIAO Yuan [verfasserIn] YAN Xiaoli [verfasserIn] WANG Dan [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Chinesisch |
| Erschienen: |
2020 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Di-san junyi daxue xuebao - Editorial Office of Journal of Third Military Medical University, 2021, 42(2020), 13, Seite 1345-1349 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:42 ; year:2020 ; number:13 ; pages:1345-1349 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ073246700 |
|---|
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| 520 | |a Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of a new type fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation. Methods A total of 120 patients who were diagnosed with postpartum vaginal relaxation in our postpartum pelvic rehabilitation clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department were included during November 2016 to November 2018. A new type fractional CO2 laser (10~15 min, once per month, 4 times as a course) was used for intravaginal treatment. Objective and subjective indicators before and 1 month after a course of treatment were observed and analyzed. Objective indicators include the degree of vaginal relaxation, vaginal health index (VHIS), and subjective indicators were from the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI). Satisfaction survey of treatment was carried out at the end of treatment for all of them. Results In the objective evaluation, the degree of vaginal relaxation was significantly improved; The VHIS score was 10.87±2.18, 15.67±1.87, 19.13±2.81, 20.11±1.98 and 20.34±1.69, respectively before, after 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments and 1 month after treatment, and the score was obviously improved (P < 0.05). In the subjective indicators evaluation, the total scores of FSFI, vaginal lubricity, vaginal relaxation, and sexual life satisfaction were all improved after treatment, with statistical differences when compared with the scores before treatment (P < 0.05). But, no notable differences were seen in the scores of sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm before and after treatment (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, sound satisfaction was obtained in the satisfaction survey of treatment. Conclusion The new type fractional CO2 laser treatment provides a minimally invasive treatment for vaginal relaxation and can obtain effective improvement in the symptoms. It can be done in the clinic due to its strong feasibility and no needs for anesthesia and analgesia. The patients show good tolerance and compliance. | ||
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10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073246700 (DE-599)DOAJ276b56608f8d4e7580e40ae5d359e1ef DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb chi R5-920 LIAO Yuan verfasserin aut A new type fractional CO2 laser in treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation: report of 120 cases 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of a new type fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation. Methods A total of 120 patients who were diagnosed with postpartum vaginal relaxation in our postpartum pelvic rehabilitation clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department were included during November 2016 to November 2018. A new type fractional CO2 laser (10~15 min, once per month, 4 times as a course) was used for intravaginal treatment. Objective and subjective indicators before and 1 month after a course of treatment were observed and analyzed. Objective indicators include the degree of vaginal relaxation, vaginal health index (VHIS), and subjective indicators were from the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI). Satisfaction survey of treatment was carried out at the end of treatment for all of them. Results In the objective evaluation, the degree of vaginal relaxation was significantly improved; The VHIS score was 10.87±2.18, 15.67±1.87, 19.13±2.81, 20.11±1.98 and 20.34±1.69, respectively before, after 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments and 1 month after treatment, and the score was obviously improved (P < 0.05). In the subjective indicators evaluation, the total scores of FSFI, vaginal lubricity, vaginal relaxation, and sexual life satisfaction were all improved after treatment, with statistical differences when compared with the scores before treatment (P < 0.05). But, no notable differences were seen in the scores of sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm before and after treatment (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, sound satisfaction was obtained in the satisfaction survey of treatment. Conclusion The new type fractional CO2 laser treatment provides a minimally invasive treatment for vaginal relaxation and can obtain effective improvement in the symptoms. It can be done in the clinic due to its strong feasibility and no needs for anesthesia and analgesia. The patients show good tolerance and compliance. postpartum vaginal relaxation new fractional co2 laser vaginal health index female sexual function scale Medicine (General) YAN Xiaoli verfasserin aut WANG Dan verfasserin aut In Di-san junyi daxue xuebao Editorial Office of Journal of Third Military Medical University, 2021 42(2020), 13, Seite 1345-1349 (DE-627)1760645346 10005404 nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:13 pages:1345-1349 https://doi.org/10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/276b56608f8d4e7580e40ae5d359e1ef kostenfrei http://aammt.tmmu.edu.cn/Upload/rhtml/202002191.htm kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1000-5404 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 42 2020 13 1345-1349 |
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10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073246700 (DE-599)DOAJ276b56608f8d4e7580e40ae5d359e1ef DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb chi R5-920 LIAO Yuan verfasserin aut A new type fractional CO2 laser in treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation: report of 120 cases 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of a new type fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation. Methods A total of 120 patients who were diagnosed with postpartum vaginal relaxation in our postpartum pelvic rehabilitation clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department were included during November 2016 to November 2018. A new type fractional CO2 laser (10~15 min, once per month, 4 times as a course) was used for intravaginal treatment. Objective and subjective indicators before and 1 month after a course of treatment were observed and analyzed. Objective indicators include the degree of vaginal relaxation, vaginal health index (VHIS), and subjective indicators were from the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI). Satisfaction survey of treatment was carried out at the end of treatment for all of them. Results In the objective evaluation, the degree of vaginal relaxation was significantly improved; The VHIS score was 10.87±2.18, 15.67±1.87, 19.13±2.81, 20.11±1.98 and 20.34±1.69, respectively before, after 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments and 1 month after treatment, and the score was obviously improved (P < 0.05). In the subjective indicators evaluation, the total scores of FSFI, vaginal lubricity, vaginal relaxation, and sexual life satisfaction were all improved after treatment, with statistical differences when compared with the scores before treatment (P < 0.05). But, no notable differences were seen in the scores of sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm before and after treatment (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, sound satisfaction was obtained in the satisfaction survey of treatment. Conclusion The new type fractional CO2 laser treatment provides a minimally invasive treatment for vaginal relaxation and can obtain effective improvement in the symptoms. It can be done in the clinic due to its strong feasibility and no needs for anesthesia and analgesia. The patients show good tolerance and compliance. postpartum vaginal relaxation new fractional co2 laser vaginal health index female sexual function scale Medicine (General) YAN Xiaoli verfasserin aut WANG Dan verfasserin aut In Di-san junyi daxue xuebao Editorial Office of Journal of Third Military Medical University, 2021 42(2020), 13, Seite 1345-1349 (DE-627)1760645346 10005404 nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:13 pages:1345-1349 https://doi.org/10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/276b56608f8d4e7580e40ae5d359e1ef kostenfrei http://aammt.tmmu.edu.cn/Upload/rhtml/202002191.htm kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1000-5404 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 42 2020 13 1345-1349 |
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10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073246700 (DE-599)DOAJ276b56608f8d4e7580e40ae5d359e1ef DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb chi R5-920 LIAO Yuan verfasserin aut A new type fractional CO2 laser in treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation: report of 120 cases 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of a new type fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation. Methods A total of 120 patients who were diagnosed with postpartum vaginal relaxation in our postpartum pelvic rehabilitation clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department were included during November 2016 to November 2018. A new type fractional CO2 laser (10~15 min, once per month, 4 times as a course) was used for intravaginal treatment. Objective and subjective indicators before and 1 month after a course of treatment were observed and analyzed. Objective indicators include the degree of vaginal relaxation, vaginal health index (VHIS), and subjective indicators were from the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI). Satisfaction survey of treatment was carried out at the end of treatment for all of them. Results In the objective evaluation, the degree of vaginal relaxation was significantly improved; The VHIS score was 10.87±2.18, 15.67±1.87, 19.13±2.81, 20.11±1.98 and 20.34±1.69, respectively before, after 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments and 1 month after treatment, and the score was obviously improved (P < 0.05). In the subjective indicators evaluation, the total scores of FSFI, vaginal lubricity, vaginal relaxation, and sexual life satisfaction were all improved after treatment, with statistical differences when compared with the scores before treatment (P < 0.05). But, no notable differences were seen in the scores of sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm before and after treatment (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, sound satisfaction was obtained in the satisfaction survey of treatment. Conclusion The new type fractional CO2 laser treatment provides a minimally invasive treatment for vaginal relaxation and can obtain effective improvement in the symptoms. It can be done in the clinic due to its strong feasibility and no needs for anesthesia and analgesia. The patients show good tolerance and compliance. postpartum vaginal relaxation new fractional co2 laser vaginal health index female sexual function scale Medicine (General) YAN Xiaoli verfasserin aut WANG Dan verfasserin aut In Di-san junyi daxue xuebao Editorial Office of Journal of Third Military Medical University, 2021 42(2020), 13, Seite 1345-1349 (DE-627)1760645346 10005404 nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:13 pages:1345-1349 https://doi.org/10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/276b56608f8d4e7580e40ae5d359e1ef kostenfrei http://aammt.tmmu.edu.cn/Upload/rhtml/202002191.htm kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1000-5404 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 42 2020 13 1345-1349 |
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10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073246700 (DE-599)DOAJ276b56608f8d4e7580e40ae5d359e1ef DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb chi R5-920 LIAO Yuan verfasserin aut A new type fractional CO2 laser in treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation: report of 120 cases 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of a new type fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation. Methods A total of 120 patients who were diagnosed with postpartum vaginal relaxation in our postpartum pelvic rehabilitation clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department were included during November 2016 to November 2018. A new type fractional CO2 laser (10~15 min, once per month, 4 times as a course) was used for intravaginal treatment. Objective and subjective indicators before and 1 month after a course of treatment were observed and analyzed. Objective indicators include the degree of vaginal relaxation, vaginal health index (VHIS), and subjective indicators were from the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI). Satisfaction survey of treatment was carried out at the end of treatment for all of them. Results In the objective evaluation, the degree of vaginal relaxation was significantly improved; The VHIS score was 10.87±2.18, 15.67±1.87, 19.13±2.81, 20.11±1.98 and 20.34±1.69, respectively before, after 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments and 1 month after treatment, and the score was obviously improved (P < 0.05). In the subjective indicators evaluation, the total scores of FSFI, vaginal lubricity, vaginal relaxation, and sexual life satisfaction were all improved after treatment, with statistical differences when compared with the scores before treatment (P < 0.05). But, no notable differences were seen in the scores of sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm before and after treatment (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, sound satisfaction was obtained in the satisfaction survey of treatment. Conclusion The new type fractional CO2 laser treatment provides a minimally invasive treatment for vaginal relaxation and can obtain effective improvement in the symptoms. It can be done in the clinic due to its strong feasibility and no needs for anesthesia and analgesia. The patients show good tolerance and compliance. postpartum vaginal relaxation new fractional co2 laser vaginal health index female sexual function scale Medicine (General) YAN Xiaoli verfasserin aut WANG Dan verfasserin aut In Di-san junyi daxue xuebao Editorial Office of Journal of Third Military Medical University, 2021 42(2020), 13, Seite 1345-1349 (DE-627)1760645346 10005404 nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:13 pages:1345-1349 https://doi.org/10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/276b56608f8d4e7580e40ae5d359e1ef kostenfrei http://aammt.tmmu.edu.cn/Upload/rhtml/202002191.htm kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1000-5404 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 42 2020 13 1345-1349 |
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10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073246700 (DE-599)DOAJ276b56608f8d4e7580e40ae5d359e1ef DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb chi R5-920 LIAO Yuan verfasserin aut A new type fractional CO2 laser in treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation: report of 120 cases 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of a new type fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation. Methods A total of 120 patients who were diagnosed with postpartum vaginal relaxation in our postpartum pelvic rehabilitation clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department were included during November 2016 to November 2018. A new type fractional CO2 laser (10~15 min, once per month, 4 times as a course) was used for intravaginal treatment. Objective and subjective indicators before and 1 month after a course of treatment were observed and analyzed. Objective indicators include the degree of vaginal relaxation, vaginal health index (VHIS), and subjective indicators were from the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI). Satisfaction survey of treatment was carried out at the end of treatment for all of them. Results In the objective evaluation, the degree of vaginal relaxation was significantly improved; The VHIS score was 10.87±2.18, 15.67±1.87, 19.13±2.81, 20.11±1.98 and 20.34±1.69, respectively before, after 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments and 1 month after treatment, and the score was obviously improved (P < 0.05). In the subjective indicators evaluation, the total scores of FSFI, vaginal lubricity, vaginal relaxation, and sexual life satisfaction were all improved after treatment, with statistical differences when compared with the scores before treatment (P < 0.05). But, no notable differences were seen in the scores of sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm before and after treatment (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, sound satisfaction was obtained in the satisfaction survey of treatment. Conclusion The new type fractional CO2 laser treatment provides a minimally invasive treatment for vaginal relaxation and can obtain effective improvement in the symptoms. It can be done in the clinic due to its strong feasibility and no needs for anesthesia and analgesia. The patients show good tolerance and compliance. postpartum vaginal relaxation new fractional co2 laser vaginal health index female sexual function scale Medicine (General) YAN Xiaoli verfasserin aut WANG Dan verfasserin aut In Di-san junyi daxue xuebao Editorial Office of Journal of Third Military Medical University, 2021 42(2020), 13, Seite 1345-1349 (DE-627)1760645346 10005404 nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:13 pages:1345-1349 https://doi.org/10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/276b56608f8d4e7580e40ae5d359e1ef kostenfrei http://aammt.tmmu.edu.cn/Upload/rhtml/202002191.htm kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1000-5404 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 42 2020 13 1345-1349 |
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Methods A total of 120 patients who were diagnosed with postpartum vaginal relaxation in our postpartum pelvic rehabilitation clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department were included during November 2016 to November 2018. A new type fractional CO2 laser (10~15 min, once per month, 4 times as a course) was used for intravaginal treatment. Objective and subjective indicators before and 1 month after a course of treatment were observed and analyzed. Objective indicators include the degree of vaginal relaxation, vaginal health index (VHIS), and subjective indicators were from the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI). Satisfaction survey of treatment was carried out at the end of treatment for all of them. Results In the objective evaluation, the degree of vaginal relaxation was significantly improved; The VHIS score was 10.87±2.18, 15.67±1.87, 19.13±2.81, 20.11±1.98 and 20.34±1.69, respectively before, after 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments and 1 month after treatment, and the score was obviously improved (P < 0.05). In the subjective indicators evaluation, the total scores of FSFI, vaginal lubricity, vaginal relaxation, and sexual life satisfaction were all improved after treatment, with statistical differences when compared with the scores before treatment (P < 0.05). But, no notable differences were seen in the scores of sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm before and after treatment (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, sound satisfaction was obtained in the satisfaction survey of treatment. Conclusion The new type fractional CO2 laser treatment provides a minimally invasive treatment for vaginal relaxation and can obtain effective improvement in the symptoms. 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R5-920 A new type fractional CO2 laser in treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation: report of 120 cases postpartum vaginal relaxation new fractional co2 laser vaginal health index female sexual function scale |
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A new type fractional CO2 laser in treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation: report of 120 cases |
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LIAO Yuan |
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Di-san junyi daxue xuebao |
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LIAO Yuan YAN Xiaoli WANG Dan |
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10.16016/j.1000-5404.202002191 |
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new type fractional co2 laser in treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation: report of 120 cases |
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A new type fractional CO2 laser in treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation: report of 120 cases |
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of a new type fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation. Methods A total of 120 patients who were diagnosed with postpartum vaginal relaxation in our postpartum pelvic rehabilitation clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department were included during November 2016 to November 2018. A new type fractional CO2 laser (10~15 min, once per month, 4 times as a course) was used for intravaginal treatment. Objective and subjective indicators before and 1 month after a course of treatment were observed and analyzed. Objective indicators include the degree of vaginal relaxation, vaginal health index (VHIS), and subjective indicators were from the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI). Satisfaction survey of treatment was carried out at the end of treatment for all of them. Results In the objective evaluation, the degree of vaginal relaxation was significantly improved; The VHIS score was 10.87±2.18, 15.67±1.87, 19.13±2.81, 20.11±1.98 and 20.34±1.69, respectively before, after 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments and 1 month after treatment, and the score was obviously improved (P < 0.05). In the subjective indicators evaluation, the total scores of FSFI, vaginal lubricity, vaginal relaxation, and sexual life satisfaction were all improved after treatment, with statistical differences when compared with the scores before treatment (P < 0.05). But, no notable differences were seen in the scores of sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm before and after treatment (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, sound satisfaction was obtained in the satisfaction survey of treatment. Conclusion The new type fractional CO2 laser treatment provides a minimally invasive treatment for vaginal relaxation and can obtain effective improvement in the symptoms. It can be done in the clinic due to its strong feasibility and no needs for anesthesia and analgesia. The patients show good tolerance and compliance. |
| abstractGer |
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of a new type fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation. Methods A total of 120 patients who were diagnosed with postpartum vaginal relaxation in our postpartum pelvic rehabilitation clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department were included during November 2016 to November 2018. A new type fractional CO2 laser (10~15 min, once per month, 4 times as a course) was used for intravaginal treatment. Objective and subjective indicators before and 1 month after a course of treatment were observed and analyzed. Objective indicators include the degree of vaginal relaxation, vaginal health index (VHIS), and subjective indicators were from the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI). Satisfaction survey of treatment was carried out at the end of treatment for all of them. Results In the objective evaluation, the degree of vaginal relaxation was significantly improved; The VHIS score was 10.87±2.18, 15.67±1.87, 19.13±2.81, 20.11±1.98 and 20.34±1.69, respectively before, after 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments and 1 month after treatment, and the score was obviously improved (P < 0.05). In the subjective indicators evaluation, the total scores of FSFI, vaginal lubricity, vaginal relaxation, and sexual life satisfaction were all improved after treatment, with statistical differences when compared with the scores before treatment (P < 0.05). But, no notable differences were seen in the scores of sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm before and after treatment (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, sound satisfaction was obtained in the satisfaction survey of treatment. Conclusion The new type fractional CO2 laser treatment provides a minimally invasive treatment for vaginal relaxation and can obtain effective improvement in the symptoms. It can be done in the clinic due to its strong feasibility and no needs for anesthesia and analgesia. The patients show good tolerance and compliance. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of a new type fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of postpartum vaginal relaxation. Methods A total of 120 patients who were diagnosed with postpartum vaginal relaxation in our postpartum pelvic rehabilitation clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department were included during November 2016 to November 2018. A new type fractional CO2 laser (10~15 min, once per month, 4 times as a course) was used for intravaginal treatment. Objective and subjective indicators before and 1 month after a course of treatment were observed and analyzed. Objective indicators include the degree of vaginal relaxation, vaginal health index (VHIS), and subjective indicators were from the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI). Satisfaction survey of treatment was carried out at the end of treatment for all of them. Results In the objective evaluation, the degree of vaginal relaxation was significantly improved; The VHIS score was 10.87±2.18, 15.67±1.87, 19.13±2.81, 20.11±1.98 and 20.34±1.69, respectively before, after 1st, 2nd and 3rd treatments and 1 month after treatment, and the score was obviously improved (P < 0.05). In the subjective indicators evaluation, the total scores of FSFI, vaginal lubricity, vaginal relaxation, and sexual life satisfaction were all improved after treatment, with statistical differences when compared with the scores before treatment (P < 0.05). But, no notable differences were seen in the scores of sexual desire, sexual arousal and orgasm before and after treatment (P<0.05). At the end of treatment, sound satisfaction was obtained in the satisfaction survey of treatment. Conclusion The new type fractional CO2 laser treatment provides a minimally invasive treatment for vaginal relaxation and can obtain effective improvement in the symptoms. It can be done in the clinic due to its strong feasibility and no needs for anesthesia and analgesia. The patients show good tolerance and compliance. |
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