West Nile Virus in Slovenia

West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In...
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Autor*in:	Nataša Knap [verfasserIn] Miša Korva [verfasserIn] Vladimir Ivović [verfasserIn] Katja Kalan [verfasserIn] Mateja Jelovšek [verfasserIn] Martin Sagadin [verfasserIn] Samo Zakotnik [verfasserIn] Katja Strašek Smrdel [verfasserIn] Jan Slunečko [verfasserIn] Tatjana Avšič-Županc [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	WNV mosquitoes Slovenia WNND

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Viruses - MDPI AG, 2009, 12(2020), 7, p 720
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2020 ; number:7, p 720

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/v12070720

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ073573914

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520			\|a West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In 1995, a serosurvey was performed in Slovenia on forest workers, and WNV specific IgG antibodies were confirmed in 6.8% of the screened samples, indicating that WNV is circulating in Slovenia. No human disease cases were detected in Slovenia until 2013, when the first case of WNV infection was confirmed in a retrospective study in a 79-year old man with meningitis. In 2018, three patients with WNND were confirmed by laboratory tests, with detection of IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In one of the patients, WNV RNA was detected in the urine sample. In 2017, 2018 and 2019, a mosquito study was performed in Slovenia. Mosquitoes were sampled on 14 control locations and 35 additional locations in 2019. No WNV was detected in mosquitoes in 2017 and 2019, but we confirmed the virus in a pool of <i<Culex</i< sp. mosquitoes in 2018. The virus was successfully isolated, and complete genome sequence was acquired. The whole genome of the WNV was also sequenced from the patient’s urine sample. The whole genome sequences of the WNV virus detected in Slovenian patient and mosquito indicate the virus most likely spread from the north, because of the geographic proximity and because the sequences cluster with the Austrian and Hungarian sequences. A sentinel study was performed on dog sera samples, and we were able to confirm IgG antibodies in 1.8% and 4.3% of the samples in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Though Slovenia is not a highly endemic country for WNV, we have established that the virus circulates in Slovenia.
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_39
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_63
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allfields	10.3390/v12070720 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073573914 (DE-599)DOAJbc4a780dd48c4fe39004654c8c8bdd7b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Nataša Knap verfasserin aut West Nile Virus in Slovenia 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In 1995, a serosurvey was performed in Slovenia on forest workers, and WNV specific IgG antibodies were confirmed in 6.8% of the screened samples, indicating that WNV is circulating in Slovenia. No human disease cases were detected in Slovenia until 2013, when the first case of WNV infection was confirmed in a retrospective study in a 79-year old man with meningitis. In 2018, three patients with WNND were confirmed by laboratory tests, with detection of IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In one of the patients, WNV RNA was detected in the urine sample. In 2017, 2018 and 2019, a mosquito study was performed in Slovenia. Mosquitoes were sampled on 14 control locations and 35 additional locations in 2019. No WNV was detected in mosquitoes in 2017 and 2019, but we confirmed the virus in a pool of <i<Culex</i< sp. mosquitoes in 2018. The virus was successfully isolated, and complete genome sequence was acquired. The whole genome of the WNV was also sequenced from the patient’s urine sample. The whole genome sequences of the WNV virus detected in Slovenian patient and mosquito indicate the virus most likely spread from the north, because of the geographic proximity and because the sequences cluster with the Austrian and Hungarian sequences. A sentinel study was performed on dog sera samples, and we were able to confirm IgG antibodies in 1.8% and 4.3% of the samples in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Though Slovenia is not a highly endemic country for WNV, we have established that the virus circulates in Slovenia. WNV mosquitoes Slovenia WNND Microbiology Miša Korva verfasserin aut Vladimir Ivović verfasserin aut Katja Kalan verfasserin aut Mateja Jelovšek verfasserin aut Martin Sagadin verfasserin aut Samo Zakotnik verfasserin aut Katja Strašek Smrdel verfasserin aut Jan Slunečko verfasserin aut Tatjana Avšič-Županc verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 7, p 720 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:7, p 720 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070720 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/bc4a780dd48c4fe39004654c8c8bdd7b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/720 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 7, p 720
spelling	10.3390/v12070720 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073573914 (DE-599)DOAJbc4a780dd48c4fe39004654c8c8bdd7b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Nataša Knap verfasserin aut West Nile Virus in Slovenia 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In 1995, a serosurvey was performed in Slovenia on forest workers, and WNV specific IgG antibodies were confirmed in 6.8% of the screened samples, indicating that WNV is circulating in Slovenia. No human disease cases were detected in Slovenia until 2013, when the first case of WNV infection was confirmed in a retrospective study in a 79-year old man with meningitis. In 2018, three patients with WNND were confirmed by laboratory tests, with detection of IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In one of the patients, WNV RNA was detected in the urine sample. In 2017, 2018 and 2019, a mosquito study was performed in Slovenia. Mosquitoes were sampled on 14 control locations and 35 additional locations in 2019. No WNV was detected in mosquitoes in 2017 and 2019, but we confirmed the virus in a pool of <i<Culex</i< sp. mosquitoes in 2018. The virus was successfully isolated, and complete genome sequence was acquired. The whole genome of the WNV was also sequenced from the patient’s urine sample. The whole genome sequences of the WNV virus detected in Slovenian patient and mosquito indicate the virus most likely spread from the north, because of the geographic proximity and because the sequences cluster with the Austrian and Hungarian sequences. A sentinel study was performed on dog sera samples, and we were able to confirm IgG antibodies in 1.8% and 4.3% of the samples in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Though Slovenia is not a highly endemic country for WNV, we have established that the virus circulates in Slovenia. WNV mosquitoes Slovenia WNND Microbiology Miša Korva verfasserin aut Vladimir Ivović verfasserin aut Katja Kalan verfasserin aut Mateja Jelovšek verfasserin aut Martin Sagadin verfasserin aut Samo Zakotnik verfasserin aut Katja Strašek Smrdel verfasserin aut Jan Slunečko verfasserin aut Tatjana Avšič-Županc verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 7, p 720 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:7, p 720 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070720 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/bc4a780dd48c4fe39004654c8c8bdd7b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/720 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 7, p 720
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/v12070720 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073573914 (DE-599)DOAJbc4a780dd48c4fe39004654c8c8bdd7b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Nataša Knap verfasserin aut West Nile Virus in Slovenia 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In 1995, a serosurvey was performed in Slovenia on forest workers, and WNV specific IgG antibodies were confirmed in 6.8% of the screened samples, indicating that WNV is circulating in Slovenia. No human disease cases were detected in Slovenia until 2013, when the first case of WNV infection was confirmed in a retrospective study in a 79-year old man with meningitis. In 2018, three patients with WNND were confirmed by laboratory tests, with detection of IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In one of the patients, WNV RNA was detected in the urine sample. In 2017, 2018 and 2019, a mosquito study was performed in Slovenia. Mosquitoes were sampled on 14 control locations and 35 additional locations in 2019. No WNV was detected in mosquitoes in 2017 and 2019, but we confirmed the virus in a pool of <i<Culex</i< sp. mosquitoes in 2018. The virus was successfully isolated, and complete genome sequence was acquired. The whole genome of the WNV was also sequenced from the patient’s urine sample. The whole genome sequences of the WNV virus detected in Slovenian patient and mosquito indicate the virus most likely spread from the north, because of the geographic proximity and because the sequences cluster with the Austrian and Hungarian sequences. A sentinel study was performed on dog sera samples, and we were able to confirm IgG antibodies in 1.8% and 4.3% of the samples in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Though Slovenia is not a highly endemic country for WNV, we have established that the virus circulates in Slovenia. WNV mosquitoes Slovenia WNND Microbiology Miša Korva verfasserin aut Vladimir Ivović verfasserin aut Katja Kalan verfasserin aut Mateja Jelovšek verfasserin aut Martin Sagadin verfasserin aut Samo Zakotnik verfasserin aut Katja Strašek Smrdel verfasserin aut Jan Slunečko verfasserin aut Tatjana Avšič-Županc verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 7, p 720 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:7, p 720 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070720 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/bc4a780dd48c4fe39004654c8c8bdd7b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/720 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 7, p 720
allfieldsGer	10.3390/v12070720 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073573914 (DE-599)DOAJbc4a780dd48c4fe39004654c8c8bdd7b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Nataša Knap verfasserin aut West Nile Virus in Slovenia 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In 1995, a serosurvey was performed in Slovenia on forest workers, and WNV specific IgG antibodies were confirmed in 6.8% of the screened samples, indicating that WNV is circulating in Slovenia. No human disease cases were detected in Slovenia until 2013, when the first case of WNV infection was confirmed in a retrospective study in a 79-year old man with meningitis. In 2018, three patients with WNND were confirmed by laboratory tests, with detection of IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In one of the patients, WNV RNA was detected in the urine sample. In 2017, 2018 and 2019, a mosquito study was performed in Slovenia. Mosquitoes were sampled on 14 control locations and 35 additional locations in 2019. No WNV was detected in mosquitoes in 2017 and 2019, but we confirmed the virus in a pool of <i<Culex</i< sp. mosquitoes in 2018. The virus was successfully isolated, and complete genome sequence was acquired. The whole genome of the WNV was also sequenced from the patient’s urine sample. The whole genome sequences of the WNV virus detected in Slovenian patient and mosquito indicate the virus most likely spread from the north, because of the geographic proximity and because the sequences cluster with the Austrian and Hungarian sequences. A sentinel study was performed on dog sera samples, and we were able to confirm IgG antibodies in 1.8% and 4.3% of the samples in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Though Slovenia is not a highly endemic country for WNV, we have established that the virus circulates in Slovenia. WNV mosquitoes Slovenia WNND Microbiology Miša Korva verfasserin aut Vladimir Ivović verfasserin aut Katja Kalan verfasserin aut Mateja Jelovšek verfasserin aut Martin Sagadin verfasserin aut Samo Zakotnik verfasserin aut Katja Strašek Smrdel verfasserin aut Jan Slunečko verfasserin aut Tatjana Avšič-Županc verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 7, p 720 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:7, p 720 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070720 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/bc4a780dd48c4fe39004654c8c8bdd7b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/720 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 7, p 720
allfieldsSound	10.3390/v12070720 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073573914 (DE-599)DOAJbc4a780dd48c4fe39004654c8c8bdd7b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Nataša Knap verfasserin aut West Nile Virus in Slovenia 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In 1995, a serosurvey was performed in Slovenia on forest workers, and WNV specific IgG antibodies were confirmed in 6.8% of the screened samples, indicating that WNV is circulating in Slovenia. No human disease cases were detected in Slovenia until 2013, when the first case of WNV infection was confirmed in a retrospective study in a 79-year old man with meningitis. In 2018, three patients with WNND were confirmed by laboratory tests, with detection of IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In one of the patients, WNV RNA was detected in the urine sample. In 2017, 2018 and 2019, a mosquito study was performed in Slovenia. Mosquitoes were sampled on 14 control locations and 35 additional locations in 2019. No WNV was detected in mosquitoes in 2017 and 2019, but we confirmed the virus in a pool of <i<Culex</i< sp. mosquitoes in 2018. The virus was successfully isolated, and complete genome sequence was acquired. The whole genome of the WNV was also sequenced from the patient’s urine sample. The whole genome sequences of the WNV virus detected in Slovenian patient and mosquito indicate the virus most likely spread from the north, because of the geographic proximity and because the sequences cluster with the Austrian and Hungarian sequences. A sentinel study was performed on dog sera samples, and we were able to confirm IgG antibodies in 1.8% and 4.3% of the samples in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Though Slovenia is not a highly endemic country for WNV, we have established that the virus circulates in Slovenia. WNV mosquitoes Slovenia WNND Microbiology Miša Korva verfasserin aut Vladimir Ivović verfasserin aut Katja Kalan verfasserin aut Mateja Jelovšek verfasserin aut Martin Sagadin verfasserin aut Samo Zakotnik verfasserin aut Katja Strašek Smrdel verfasserin aut Jan Slunečko verfasserin aut Tatjana Avšič-Županc verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 7, p 720 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:7, p 720 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070720 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/bc4a780dd48c4fe39004654c8c8bdd7b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/720 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 7, p 720
language	English
source	In Viruses 12(2020), 7, p 720 volume:12 year:2020 number:7, p 720
sourceStr	In Viruses 12(2020), 7, p 720 volume:12 year:2020 number:7, p 720
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	WNV mosquitoes Slovenia WNND Microbiology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Viruses
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Nataša Knap @@aut@@ Miša Korva @@aut@@ Vladimir Ivović @@aut@@ Katja Kalan @@aut@@ Mateja Jelovšek @@aut@@ Martin Sagadin @@aut@@ Samo Zakotnik @@aut@@ Katja Strašek Smrdel @@aut@@ Jan Slunečko @@aut@@ Tatjana Avšič-Županc @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	609775871
id	DOAJ073573914
language_de	englisch
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Nataša Knap
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topic_title	QR1-502 West Nile Virus in Slovenia WNV mosquitoes Slovenia WNND
topic	misc QR1-502 misc WNV misc mosquitoes misc Slovenia misc WNND misc Microbiology
topic_unstemmed	misc QR1-502 misc WNV misc mosquitoes misc Slovenia misc WNND misc Microbiology
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title	West Nile Virus in Slovenia
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title_full	West Nile Virus in Slovenia
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author_browse	Nataša Knap Miša Korva Vladimir Ivović Katja Kalan Mateja Jelovšek Martin Sagadin Samo Zakotnik Katja Strašek Smrdel Jan Slunečko Tatjana Avšič-Županc
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title_sort	west nile virus in slovenia
callnumber	QR1-502
title_auth	West Nile Virus in Slovenia
abstract	West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In 1995, a serosurvey was performed in Slovenia on forest workers, and WNV specific IgG antibodies were confirmed in 6.8% of the screened samples, indicating that WNV is circulating in Slovenia. No human disease cases were detected in Slovenia until 2013, when the first case of WNV infection was confirmed in a retrospective study in a 79-year old man with meningitis. In 2018, three patients with WNND were confirmed by laboratory tests, with detection of IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In one of the patients, WNV RNA was detected in the urine sample. In 2017, 2018 and 2019, a mosquito study was performed in Slovenia. Mosquitoes were sampled on 14 control locations and 35 additional locations in 2019. No WNV was detected in mosquitoes in 2017 and 2019, but we confirmed the virus in a pool of <i<Culex</i< sp. mosquitoes in 2018. The virus was successfully isolated, and complete genome sequence was acquired. The whole genome of the WNV was also sequenced from the patient’s urine sample. The whole genome sequences of the WNV virus detected in Slovenian patient and mosquito indicate the virus most likely spread from the north, because of the geographic proximity and because the sequences cluster with the Austrian and Hungarian sequences. A sentinel study was performed on dog sera samples, and we were able to confirm IgG antibodies in 1.8% and 4.3% of the samples in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Though Slovenia is not a highly endemic country for WNV, we have established that the virus circulates in Slovenia.
abstractGer	West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In 1995, a serosurvey was performed in Slovenia on forest workers, and WNV specific IgG antibodies were confirmed in 6.8% of the screened samples, indicating that WNV is circulating in Slovenia. No human disease cases were detected in Slovenia until 2013, when the first case of WNV infection was confirmed in a retrospective study in a 79-year old man with meningitis. In 2018, three patients with WNND were confirmed by laboratory tests, with detection of IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In one of the patients, WNV RNA was detected in the urine sample. In 2017, 2018 and 2019, a mosquito study was performed in Slovenia. Mosquitoes were sampled on 14 control locations and 35 additional locations in 2019. No WNV was detected in mosquitoes in 2017 and 2019, but we confirmed the virus in a pool of <i<Culex</i< sp. mosquitoes in 2018. The virus was successfully isolated, and complete genome sequence was acquired. The whole genome of the WNV was also sequenced from the patient’s urine sample. The whole genome sequences of the WNV virus detected in Slovenian patient and mosquito indicate the virus most likely spread from the north, because of the geographic proximity and because the sequences cluster with the Austrian and Hungarian sequences. A sentinel study was performed on dog sera samples, and we were able to confirm IgG antibodies in 1.8% and 4.3% of the samples in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Though Slovenia is not a highly endemic country for WNV, we have established that the virus circulates in Slovenia.
abstract_unstemmed	West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In 1995, a serosurvey was performed in Slovenia on forest workers, and WNV specific IgG antibodies were confirmed in 6.8% of the screened samples, indicating that WNV is circulating in Slovenia. No human disease cases were detected in Slovenia until 2013, when the first case of WNV infection was confirmed in a retrospective study in a 79-year old man with meningitis. In 2018, three patients with WNND were confirmed by laboratory tests, with detection of IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In one of the patients, WNV RNA was detected in the urine sample. In 2017, 2018 and 2019, a mosquito study was performed in Slovenia. Mosquitoes were sampled on 14 control locations and 35 additional locations in 2019. No WNV was detected in mosquitoes in 2017 and 2019, but we confirmed the virus in a pool of <i<Culex</i< sp. mosquitoes in 2018. The virus was successfully isolated, and complete genome sequence was acquired. The whole genome of the WNV was also sequenced from the patient’s urine sample. The whole genome sequences of the WNV virus detected in Slovenian patient and mosquito indicate the virus most likely spread from the north, because of the geographic proximity and because the sequences cluster with the Austrian and Hungarian sequences. A sentinel study was performed on dog sera samples, and we were able to confirm IgG antibodies in 1.8% and 4.3% of the samples in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Though Slovenia is not a highly endemic country for WNV, we have established that the virus circulates in Slovenia.
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container_issue	7, p 720
title_short	West Nile Virus in Slovenia
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070720 https://doaj.org/article/bc4a780dd48c4fe39004654c8c8bdd7b https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/720 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915
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author2	Miša Korva Vladimir Ivović Katja Kalan Mateja Jelovšek Martin Sagadin Samo Zakotnik Katja Strašek Smrdel Jan Slunečko Tatjana Avšič-Županc
author2Str	Miša Korva Vladimir Ivović Katja Kalan Mateja Jelovšek Martin Sagadin Samo Zakotnik Katja Strašek Smrdel Jan Slunečko Tatjana Avšič-Županc
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up_date	2024-07-03T18:27:28.392Z
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