Design and Evaluation of a Permanently Installed Plane-Based Calibration Field for Mobile Laser Scanning Systems

Mobile laser scanning has become an established measuring technique that is used for many applications in the fields of mapping, inventory, and monitoring. Due to the increasing operationality of such systems, quality control w.r.t. calibration and evaluation of the systems becomes more and more important and is subject to on-going research. This paper contributes to this topic by using tools from geodetic configuration analysis in order to design and evaluate a plane-based calibration field for determining the lever arm and boresight angles of a 2D laser scanner w.r.t. a GNSS/IMU unit (Global Navigation Satellite System, Inertial Measurement Unit). In this regard, the impact of random, systematic, and gross observation errors on the calibration is analyzed leading to a plane setup that provides accurate and controlled calibration parameters. The designed plane setup is realized in the form of a permanently installed calibration field. The applicability of the calibration field is tested with a real mobile laser scanning system by frequently repeating the calibration. Empirical standard deviations of <1 ... 1.5 mm for the lever arm and <0.005<inline-formula< <math display="inline"< <semantics< <msup< <mrow<</mrow< <mo<∘</mo< </msup< </semantics< </math< </inline-formula< for the boresight angles are obtained, which was priorly defined to be the goal of the calibration. In order to independently evaluate the mobile laser scanning system after calibration, an evaluation environment is realized consisting of a network of control points as well as TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) reference point clouds. Based on the control points, both the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the system is found to be < 10 mm (root mean square error). This is confirmed by comparisons to the TLS reference point clouds indicating a well calibrated system. Both the calibration field and the evaluation environment are permanently installed and can be used for arbitrary mobile laser scanning systems. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Erik Heinz [verfasserIn] Christoph Holst [verfasserIn] Heiner Kuhlmann [verfasserIn] Lasse Klingbeil [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	mobile laser scanning lever arm boresight angles plane-based calibration field configuration analysis accuracy controllability evaluation control points tls reference point clouds

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Remote Sensing - MDPI AG, 2009, 12(2020), 3, p 555
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2020 ; number:3, p 555

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/rs12030555

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ073787167

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allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/rs12030555 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073787167 (DE-599)DOAJe9a000eb0a564f6bbf637eaa2d3d6cac DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Erik Heinz verfasserin aut Design and Evaluation of a Permanently Installed Plane-Based Calibration Field for Mobile Laser Scanning Systems 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mobile laser scanning has become an established measuring technique that is used for many applications in the fields of mapping, inventory, and monitoring. Due to the increasing operationality of such systems, quality control w.r.t. calibration and evaluation of the systems becomes more and more important and is subject to on-going research. This paper contributes to this topic by using tools from geodetic configuration analysis in order to design and evaluate a plane-based calibration field for determining the lever arm and boresight angles of a 2D laser scanner w.r.t. a GNSS/IMU unit (Global Navigation Satellite System, Inertial Measurement Unit). In this regard, the impact of random, systematic, and gross observation errors on the calibration is analyzed leading to a plane setup that provides accurate and controlled calibration parameters. The designed plane setup is realized in the form of a permanently installed calibration field. The applicability of the calibration field is tested with a real mobile laser scanning system by frequently repeating the calibration. Empirical standard deviations of <1 ... 1.5 mm for the lever arm and <0.005<inline-formula< <math display="inline"< <semantics< <msup< <mrow<</mrow< <mo<∘</mo< </msup< </semantics< </math< </inline-formula< for the boresight angles are obtained, which was priorly defined to be the goal of the calibration. In order to independently evaluate the mobile laser scanning system after calibration, an evaluation environment is realized consisting of a network of control points as well as TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) reference point clouds. Based on the control points, both the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the system is found to be < 10 mm (root mean square error). This is confirmed by comparisons to the TLS reference point clouds indicating a well calibrated system. Both the calibration field and the evaluation environment are permanently installed and can be used for arbitrary mobile laser scanning systems. mobile laser scanning lever arm boresight angles plane-based calibration field configuration analysis accuracy controllability evaluation control points tls reference point clouds Science Q Christoph Holst verfasserin aut Heiner Kuhlmann verfasserin aut Lasse Klingbeil verfasserin aut In Remote Sensing MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 3, p 555 (DE-627)608937916 (DE-600)2513863-7 20724292 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 555 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030555 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e9a000eb0a564f6bbf637eaa2d3d6cac kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/555 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 3, p 555
allfieldsGer	10.3390/rs12030555 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073787167 (DE-599)DOAJe9a000eb0a564f6bbf637eaa2d3d6cac DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Erik Heinz verfasserin aut Design and Evaluation of a Permanently Installed Plane-Based Calibration Field for Mobile Laser Scanning Systems 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mobile laser scanning has become an established measuring technique that is used for many applications in the fields of mapping, inventory, and monitoring. Due to the increasing operationality of such systems, quality control w.r.t. calibration and evaluation of the systems becomes more and more important and is subject to on-going research. This paper contributes to this topic by using tools from geodetic configuration analysis in order to design and evaluate a plane-based calibration field for determining the lever arm and boresight angles of a 2D laser scanner w.r.t. a GNSS/IMU unit (Global Navigation Satellite System, Inertial Measurement Unit). In this regard, the impact of random, systematic, and gross observation errors on the calibration is analyzed leading to a plane setup that provides accurate and controlled calibration parameters. The designed plane setup is realized in the form of a permanently installed calibration field. The applicability of the calibration field is tested with a real mobile laser scanning system by frequently repeating the calibration. Empirical standard deviations of <1 ... 1.5 mm for the lever arm and <0.005<inline-formula< <math display="inline"< <semantics< <msup< <mrow<</mrow< <mo<∘</mo< </msup< </semantics< </math< </inline-formula< for the boresight angles are obtained, which was priorly defined to be the goal of the calibration. In order to independently evaluate the mobile laser scanning system after calibration, an evaluation environment is realized consisting of a network of control points as well as TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) reference point clouds. Based on the control points, both the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the system is found to be < 10 mm (root mean square error). This is confirmed by comparisons to the TLS reference point clouds indicating a well calibrated system. Both the calibration field and the evaluation environment are permanently installed and can be used for arbitrary mobile laser scanning systems. mobile laser scanning lever arm boresight angles plane-based calibration field configuration analysis accuracy controllability evaluation control points tls reference point clouds Science Q Christoph Holst verfasserin aut Heiner Kuhlmann verfasserin aut Lasse Klingbeil verfasserin aut In Remote Sensing MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 3, p 555 (DE-627)608937916 (DE-600)2513863-7 20724292 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 555 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030555 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e9a000eb0a564f6bbf637eaa2d3d6cac kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/555 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 3, p 555
allfieldsSound	10.3390/rs12030555 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073787167 (DE-599)DOAJe9a000eb0a564f6bbf637eaa2d3d6cac DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Erik Heinz verfasserin aut Design and Evaluation of a Permanently Installed Plane-Based Calibration Field for Mobile Laser Scanning Systems 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mobile laser scanning has become an established measuring technique that is used for many applications in the fields of mapping, inventory, and monitoring. Due to the increasing operationality of such systems, quality control w.r.t. calibration and evaluation of the systems becomes more and more important and is subject to on-going research. This paper contributes to this topic by using tools from geodetic configuration analysis in order to design and evaluate a plane-based calibration field for determining the lever arm and boresight angles of a 2D laser scanner w.r.t. a GNSS/IMU unit (Global Navigation Satellite System, Inertial Measurement Unit). In this regard, the impact of random, systematic, and gross observation errors on the calibration is analyzed leading to a plane setup that provides accurate and controlled calibration parameters. The designed plane setup is realized in the form of a permanently installed calibration field. The applicability of the calibration field is tested with a real mobile laser scanning system by frequently repeating the calibration. Empirical standard deviations of <1 ... 1.5 mm for the lever arm and <0.005<inline-formula< <math display="inline"< <semantics< <msup< <mrow<</mrow< <mo<∘</mo< </msup< </semantics< </math< </inline-formula< for the boresight angles are obtained, which was priorly defined to be the goal of the calibration. In order to independently evaluate the mobile laser scanning system after calibration, an evaluation environment is realized consisting of a network of control points as well as TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) reference point clouds. Based on the control points, both the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the system is found to be < 10 mm (root mean square error). This is confirmed by comparisons to the TLS reference point clouds indicating a well calibrated system. Both the calibration field and the evaluation environment are permanently installed and can be used for arbitrary mobile laser scanning systems. mobile laser scanning lever arm boresight angles plane-based calibration field configuration analysis accuracy controllability evaluation control points tls reference point clouds Science Q Christoph Holst verfasserin aut Heiner Kuhlmann verfasserin aut Lasse Klingbeil verfasserin aut In Remote Sensing MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 3, p 555 (DE-627)608937916 (DE-600)2513863-7 20724292 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 555 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030555 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e9a000eb0a564f6bbf637eaa2d3d6cac kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/555 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4392 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 3, p 555
language	English
source	In Remote Sensing 12(2020), 3, p 555 volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 555
sourceStr	In Remote Sensing 12(2020), 3, p 555 volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 555
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	mobile laser scanning lever arm boresight angles plane-based calibration field configuration analysis accuracy controllability evaluation control points tls reference point clouds Science Q
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Remote Sensing
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Erik Heinz @@aut@@ Christoph Holst @@aut@@ Heiner Kuhlmann @@aut@@ Lasse Klingbeil @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	608937916
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author	Erik Heinz
spellingShingle	Erik Heinz misc mobile laser scanning misc lever arm misc boresight angles misc plane-based calibration field misc configuration analysis misc accuracy misc controllability misc evaluation misc control points misc tls reference point clouds misc Science misc Q Design and Evaluation of a Permanently Installed Plane-Based Calibration Field for Mobile Laser Scanning Systems
authorStr	Erik Heinz
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issn	20724292
topic_title	Design and Evaluation of a Permanently Installed Plane-Based Calibration Field for Mobile Laser Scanning Systems mobile laser scanning lever arm boresight angles plane-based calibration field configuration analysis accuracy controllability evaluation control points tls reference point clouds
topic	misc mobile laser scanning misc lever arm misc boresight angles misc plane-based calibration field misc configuration analysis misc accuracy misc controllability misc evaluation misc control points misc tls reference point clouds misc Science misc Q
topic_unstemmed	misc mobile laser scanning misc lever arm misc boresight angles misc plane-based calibration field misc configuration analysis misc accuracy misc controllability misc evaluation misc control points misc tls reference point clouds misc Science misc Q
topic_browse	misc mobile laser scanning misc lever arm misc boresight angles misc plane-based calibration field misc configuration analysis misc accuracy misc controllability misc evaluation misc control points misc tls reference point clouds misc Science misc Q
format_facet	Elektronische Aufsätze Aufsätze Elektronische Ressource
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title	Design and Evaluation of a Permanently Installed Plane-Based Calibration Field for Mobile Laser Scanning Systems
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ073787167 (DE-599)DOAJe9a000eb0a564f6bbf637eaa2d3d6cac
title_full	Design and Evaluation of a Permanently Installed Plane-Based Calibration Field for Mobile Laser Scanning Systems
author_sort	Erik Heinz
journal	Remote Sensing
journalStr	Remote Sensing
lang_code	eng
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publishDateSort	2020
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author_browse	Erik Heinz Christoph Holst Heiner Kuhlmann Lasse Klingbeil
container_volume	12
format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Erik Heinz
doi_str_mv	10.3390/rs12030555
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	design and evaluation of a permanently installed plane-based calibration field for mobile laser scanning systems
title_auth	Design and Evaluation of a Permanently Installed Plane-Based Calibration Field for Mobile Laser Scanning Systems
abstract	Mobile laser scanning has become an established measuring technique that is used for many applications in the fields of mapping, inventory, and monitoring. Due to the increasing operationality of such systems, quality control w.r.t. calibration and evaluation of the systems becomes more and more important and is subject to on-going research. This paper contributes to this topic by using tools from geodetic configuration analysis in order to design and evaluate a plane-based calibration field for determining the lever arm and boresight angles of a 2D laser scanner w.r.t. a GNSS/IMU unit (Global Navigation Satellite System, Inertial Measurement Unit). In this regard, the impact of random, systematic, and gross observation errors on the calibration is analyzed leading to a plane setup that provides accurate and controlled calibration parameters. The designed plane setup is realized in the form of a permanently installed calibration field. The applicability of the calibration field is tested with a real mobile laser scanning system by frequently repeating the calibration. Empirical standard deviations of <1 ... 1.5 mm for the lever arm and <0.005<inline-formula< <math display="inline"< <semantics< <msup< <mrow<</mrow< <mo<∘</mo< </msup< </semantics< </math< </inline-formula< for the boresight angles are obtained, which was priorly defined to be the goal of the calibration. In order to independently evaluate the mobile laser scanning system after calibration, an evaluation environment is realized consisting of a network of control points as well as TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) reference point clouds. Based on the control points, both the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the system is found to be < 10 mm (root mean square error). This is confirmed by comparisons to the TLS reference point clouds indicating a well calibrated system. Both the calibration field and the evaluation environment are permanently installed and can be used for arbitrary mobile laser scanning systems.
abstractGer	Mobile laser scanning has become an established measuring technique that is used for many applications in the fields of mapping, inventory, and monitoring. Due to the increasing operationality of such systems, quality control w.r.t. calibration and evaluation of the systems becomes more and more important and is subject to on-going research. This paper contributes to this topic by using tools from geodetic configuration analysis in order to design and evaluate a plane-based calibration field for determining the lever arm and boresight angles of a 2D laser scanner w.r.t. a GNSS/IMU unit (Global Navigation Satellite System, Inertial Measurement Unit). In this regard, the impact of random, systematic, and gross observation errors on the calibration is analyzed leading to a plane setup that provides accurate and controlled calibration parameters. The designed plane setup is realized in the form of a permanently installed calibration field. The applicability of the calibration field is tested with a real mobile laser scanning system by frequently repeating the calibration. Empirical standard deviations of <1 ... 1.5 mm for the lever arm and <0.005<inline-formula< <math display="inline"< <semantics< <msup< <mrow<</mrow< <mo<∘</mo< </msup< </semantics< </math< </inline-formula< for the boresight angles are obtained, which was priorly defined to be the goal of the calibration. In order to independently evaluate the mobile laser scanning system after calibration, an evaluation environment is realized consisting of a network of control points as well as TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) reference point clouds. Based on the control points, both the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the system is found to be < 10 mm (root mean square error). This is confirmed by comparisons to the TLS reference point clouds indicating a well calibrated system. Both the calibration field and the evaluation environment are permanently installed and can be used for arbitrary mobile laser scanning systems.
abstract_unstemmed	Mobile laser scanning has become an established measuring technique that is used for many applications in the fields of mapping, inventory, and monitoring. Due to the increasing operationality of such systems, quality control w.r.t. calibration and evaluation of the systems becomes more and more important and is subject to on-going research. This paper contributes to this topic by using tools from geodetic configuration analysis in order to design and evaluate a plane-based calibration field for determining the lever arm and boresight angles of a 2D laser scanner w.r.t. a GNSS/IMU unit (Global Navigation Satellite System, Inertial Measurement Unit). In this regard, the impact of random, systematic, and gross observation errors on the calibration is analyzed leading to a plane setup that provides accurate and controlled calibration parameters. The designed plane setup is realized in the form of a permanently installed calibration field. The applicability of the calibration field is tested with a real mobile laser scanning system by frequently repeating the calibration. Empirical standard deviations of <1 ... 1.5 mm for the lever arm and <0.005<inline-formula< <math display="inline"< <semantics< <msup< <mrow<</mrow< <mo<∘</mo< </msup< </semantics< </math< </inline-formula< for the boresight angles are obtained, which was priorly defined to be the goal of the calibration. In order to independently evaluate the mobile laser scanning system after calibration, an evaluation environment is realized consisting of a network of control points as well as TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) reference point clouds. Based on the control points, both the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the system is found to be < 10 mm (root mean square error). This is confirmed by comparisons to the TLS reference point clouds indicating a well calibrated system. Both the calibration field and the evaluation environment are permanently installed and can be used for arbitrary mobile laser scanning systems.
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container_issue	3, p 555
title_short	Design and Evaluation of a Permanently Installed Plane-Based Calibration Field for Mobile Laser Scanning Systems
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030555 https://doaj.org/article/e9a000eb0a564f6bbf637eaa2d3d6cac https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/555 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292
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author2	Christoph Holst Heiner Kuhlmann Lasse Klingbeil
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up_date	2024-07-03T19:36:57.371Z
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