Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura

Jasmonic acid (JA) plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores. One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA, which is produced by two independent pathways: direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases (JOXs) or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-J...
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Autor*in:	Jinxiang Tang [verfasserIn] Dahai Yang [verfasserIn] Jianqiang Wu [verfasserIn] Suiyun Chen [verfasserIn] Lei Wang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Plant Diversity - KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2017, 42(2020), 2, Seite 111-119
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:42 ; year:2020 ; number:2 ; pages:111-119

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ073826243

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520			\|a Jasmonic acid (JA) plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores. One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA, which is produced by two independent pathways: direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases (JOXs) or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant–herbivore interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation. Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%, but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45% and 30%, respectively, compared to those in control plants. Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA, hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA accumulation: in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants, 12-OH-JA decreased 34%. Moreover, VIGS-NaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants. When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JA-Ile-deficient irJAR4/6 background, the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished, demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels. Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops. Keywords: JA metabolism, 12-OH-JA, Spodoptera litura, 2-Oxoglutarate oxygenase, Herbivore defense, Nicotiana attenuata
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allfields	10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073826243 (DE-599)DOAJa65b9123d53747eaa4f4e8481e2a39c9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QK1-989 Jinxiang Tang verfasserin aut Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Jasmonic acid (JA) plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores. One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA, which is produced by two independent pathways: direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases (JOXs) or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant–herbivore interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation. Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%, but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45% and 30%, respectively, compared to those in control plants. Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA, hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA accumulation: in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants, 12-OH-JA decreased 34%. Moreover, VIGS-NaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants. When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JA-Ile-deficient irJAR4/6 background, the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished, demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels. Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops. Keywords: JA metabolism, 12-OH-JA, Spodoptera litura, 2-Oxoglutarate oxygenase, Herbivore defense, Nicotiana attenuata Biology (General) Botany Dahai Yang verfasserin aut Jianqiang Wu verfasserin aut Suiyun Chen verfasserin aut Lei Wang verfasserin aut In Plant Diversity KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2017 42(2020), 2, Seite 111-119 (DE-627)871731894 (DE-600)2873411-7 24682659 nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:2 pages:111-119 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a65b9123d53747eaa4f4e8481e2a39c9 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246826591930112X kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2468-2659 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 42 2020 2 111-119
spelling	10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073826243 (DE-599)DOAJa65b9123d53747eaa4f4e8481e2a39c9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QK1-989 Jinxiang Tang verfasserin aut Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Jasmonic acid (JA) plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores. One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA, which is produced by two independent pathways: direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases (JOXs) or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant–herbivore interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation. Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%, but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45% and 30%, respectively, compared to those in control plants. Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA, hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA accumulation: in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants, 12-OH-JA decreased 34%. Moreover, VIGS-NaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants. When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JA-Ile-deficient irJAR4/6 background, the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished, demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels. Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops. Keywords: JA metabolism, 12-OH-JA, Spodoptera litura, 2-Oxoglutarate oxygenase, Herbivore defense, Nicotiana attenuata Biology (General) Botany Dahai Yang verfasserin aut Jianqiang Wu verfasserin aut Suiyun Chen verfasserin aut Lei Wang verfasserin aut In Plant Diversity KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2017 42(2020), 2, Seite 111-119 (DE-627)871731894 (DE-600)2873411-7 24682659 nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:2 pages:111-119 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a65b9123d53747eaa4f4e8481e2a39c9 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246826591930112X kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2468-2659 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 42 2020 2 111-119
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073826243 (DE-599)DOAJa65b9123d53747eaa4f4e8481e2a39c9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QK1-989 Jinxiang Tang verfasserin aut Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Jasmonic acid (JA) plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores. One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA, which is produced by two independent pathways: direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases (JOXs) or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant–herbivore interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation. Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%, but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45% and 30%, respectively, compared to those in control plants. Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA, hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA accumulation: in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants, 12-OH-JA decreased 34%. Moreover, VIGS-NaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants. When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JA-Ile-deficient irJAR4/6 background, the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished, demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels. Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops. Keywords: JA metabolism, 12-OH-JA, Spodoptera litura, 2-Oxoglutarate oxygenase, Herbivore defense, Nicotiana attenuata Biology (General) Botany Dahai Yang verfasserin aut Jianqiang Wu verfasserin aut Suiyun Chen verfasserin aut Lei Wang verfasserin aut In Plant Diversity KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2017 42(2020), 2, Seite 111-119 (DE-627)871731894 (DE-600)2873411-7 24682659 nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:2 pages:111-119 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a65b9123d53747eaa4f4e8481e2a39c9 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246826591930112X kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2468-2659 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 42 2020 2 111-119
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073826243 (DE-599)DOAJa65b9123d53747eaa4f4e8481e2a39c9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QK1-989 Jinxiang Tang verfasserin aut Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Jasmonic acid (JA) plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores. One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA, which is produced by two independent pathways: direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases (JOXs) or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant–herbivore interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation. Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%, but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45% and 30%, respectively, compared to those in control plants. Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA, hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA accumulation: in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants, 12-OH-JA decreased 34%. Moreover, VIGS-NaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants. When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JA-Ile-deficient irJAR4/6 background, the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished, demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels. Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops. Keywords: JA metabolism, 12-OH-JA, Spodoptera litura, 2-Oxoglutarate oxygenase, Herbivore defense, Nicotiana attenuata Biology (General) Botany Dahai Yang verfasserin aut Jianqiang Wu verfasserin aut Suiyun Chen verfasserin aut Lei Wang verfasserin aut In Plant Diversity KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2017 42(2020), 2, Seite 111-119 (DE-627)871731894 (DE-600)2873411-7 24682659 nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:2 pages:111-119 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a65b9123d53747eaa4f4e8481e2a39c9 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246826591930112X kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2468-2659 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 42 2020 2 111-119
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073826243 (DE-599)DOAJa65b9123d53747eaa4f4e8481e2a39c9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QK1-989 Jinxiang Tang verfasserin aut Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Jasmonic acid (JA) plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores. One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA, which is produced by two independent pathways: direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases (JOXs) or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant–herbivore interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation. Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%, but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45% and 30%, respectively, compared to those in control plants. Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA, hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA accumulation: in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants, 12-OH-JA decreased 34%. Moreover, VIGS-NaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants. When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JA-Ile-deficient irJAR4/6 background, the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished, demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels. Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops. Keywords: JA metabolism, 12-OH-JA, Spodoptera litura, 2-Oxoglutarate oxygenase, Herbivore defense, Nicotiana attenuata Biology (General) Botany Dahai Yang verfasserin aut Jianqiang Wu verfasserin aut Suiyun Chen verfasserin aut Lei Wang verfasserin aut In Plant Diversity KeAi Communications Co., Ltd., 2017 42(2020), 2, Seite 111-119 (DE-627)871731894 (DE-600)2873411-7 24682659 nnns volume:42 year:2020 number:2 pages:111-119 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a65b9123d53747eaa4f4e8481e2a39c9 kostenfrei http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246826591930112X kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2468-2659 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 42 2020 2 111-119
language	English
source	In Plant Diversity 42(2020), 2, Seite 111-119 volume:42 year:2020 number:2 pages:111-119
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author	Jinxiang Tang
spellingShingle	Jinxiang Tang misc QH301-705.5 misc QK1-989 misc Biology (General) misc Botany Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura
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topic_title	QH301-705.5 QK1-989 Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura
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title	Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura
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title_full	Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura
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title_sort	silencing ja hydroxylases in nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against spodoptera litura
callnumber	QH301-705.5
title_auth	Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura
abstract	Jasmonic acid (JA) plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores. One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA, which is produced by two independent pathways: direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases (JOXs) or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant–herbivore interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation. Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%, but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45% and 30%, respectively, compared to those in control plants. Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA, hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA accumulation: in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants, 12-OH-JA decreased 34%. Moreover, VIGS-NaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants. When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JA-Ile-deficient irJAR4/6 background, the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished, demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels. Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops. Keywords: JA metabolism, 12-OH-JA, Spodoptera litura, 2-Oxoglutarate oxygenase, Herbivore defense, Nicotiana attenuata
abstractGer	Jasmonic acid (JA) plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores. One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA, which is produced by two independent pathways: direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases (JOXs) or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant–herbivore interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation. Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%, but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45% and 30%, respectively, compared to those in control plants. Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA, hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA accumulation: in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants, 12-OH-JA decreased 34%. Moreover, VIGS-NaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants. When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JA-Ile-deficient irJAR4/6 background, the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished, demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels. Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops. Keywords: JA metabolism, 12-OH-JA, Spodoptera litura, 2-Oxoglutarate oxygenase, Herbivore defense, Nicotiana attenuata
abstract_unstemmed	Jasmonic acid (JA) plays important roles in plant resistance to insect herbivores. One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA, which is produced by two independent pathways: direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases (JOXs) or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant–herbivore interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation. Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%, but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45% and 30%, respectively, compared to those in control plants. Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA, hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA accumulation: in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants, 12-OH-JA decreased 34%. Moreover, VIGS-NaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants. When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JA-Ile-deficient irJAR4/6 background, the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished, demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels. Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops. Keywords: JA metabolism, 12-OH-JA, Spodoptera litura, 2-Oxoglutarate oxygenase, Herbivore defense, Nicotiana attenuata
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title_short	Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura
url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2019.11.005 https://doaj.org/article/a65b9123d53747eaa4f4e8481e2a39c9 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246826591930112X https://doaj.org/toc/2468-2659
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One important derivative of JA is 12-OH-JA, which is produced by two independent pathways: direct hydroxylation of JA by jasmonate-induced oxygenases (JOXs) or hydrolyzation of 12-OH-JA-Ile.Yet the function of 12-OH-JA in plant–herbivore interactions remains largely unknown. In this study, we silenced four JOX homologs independently in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and found that all four JOX homologs are involved in JA hydroxylation. Simultaneously silencing the four JA hydroxylases in VIGS-NaJOXs plants decreased herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA by 33%, but JA and JA-Ile levels increased by 45% and 30%, respectively, compared to those in control plants. Compared to direct hydroxylation from JA, hydrolyzation from 12-OH-JA-Ile is equally important for herbivory-induced 12-OH-JA accumulation: in the 12-OH-JA-Ile deficient irJAR4/6 plants, 12-OH-JA decreased 34%. Moreover, VIGS-NaJOXs plants exhibited enhanced resistance to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura. The poor larval performance was strongly correlated with high levels of several JA-Ile-dependent direct defense metabolites in the VIGS-NaJOXs plants. When we simultaneously silenced all four JA hydroxylases in the JA-Ile-deficient irJAR4/6 background, the enhanced herbivore resistance diminished, demonstrating that enhanced herbivore resistance resulted from elevated JA-Ile levels. Given that silencing these NaJOX-like genes did not detectably alter plant growth but highly increased plant defense levels, we propose that JOX genes are potential targets for genetic improvement of herbivore-resistant crops. Keywords: JA metabolism, 12-OH-JA, Spodoptera litura, 2-Oxoglutarate oxygenase, Herbivore defense, Nicotiana attenuata</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Biology (General)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Botany</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Dahai Yang</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jianqiang Wu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Suiyun Chen</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lei Wang</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield 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Silencing JA hydroxylases in Nicotiana attenuata enhances jasmonic acid-isoleucine-mediated defenses against Spodoptera litura

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