Gender differences in notification rates, clinical forms and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under the RNTCP

Introduction: An increased notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) in men is seen in the SAARC region. In India, the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) detects nearly three times more male than female TB patients. Gender differences have also been reported in the clinical forms of tuberculous disease and in treatment adherence and cure rates in patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. The present study was undertaken to find out the sex differences in the notification rates and treatment outcomes of TB patients registered under the RNTCP in a rural tuberculosis unit (TU) in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out among a total of 3605 cases registered under the RNTCP between January 1999 and June 2005. Notification rates of TB, clinical forms of TB and disease treatment outcomes recorded in the registers were analyzed based on genders. Outcomes were defined in accordance with the standard RNTCP definitions. The Z-test for proportion (for comparing differences in proportions), Student t-test (for comparing mean), and χ2 test (to see association) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Among the total of 3605 patients, 2498 (69.3%) were male and 1107 (30.7%) were female with a male female ratio of 2.25:1. In patients less than 20 years of age, the notification rates among males and females were similar. In the other age groups, males were more likely to be notified compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. While new smear positive and retreatment cases were significantly more than in males, among females, new smear negative and new extrapulmonary cases were significantly higher. Among the new smear positive patients 89.4% of females were cured compared to 85.8% of males which was again significant statistically (Z=1.70, P<0.05). Male patients outnumbered females in all the unfavorable outcomes like death, failure, and default although none of the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a gender difference in the notification rates, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis. Integrated research is necessary to find the reasons for these differences. Such studies will be helpful in improving the efficacy of the RNTCP. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Abhijit Mukherjee [verfasserIn] Indranil Saha [verfasserIn] Anirban Sarkar [verfasserIn] Ranadip Chowdhury [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2012

Schlagwörter:	Gender revised national tuberculosis control programme tuberculosis West Bengal

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Lung India - Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2009, 29(2012), 2, Seite 120-122
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:29 ; year:2012 ; number:2 ; pages:120-122

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.4103/0970-2113.95302

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ073933570

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520			\|a Introduction: An increased notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) in men is seen in the SAARC region. In India, the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) detects nearly three times more male than female TB patients. Gender differences have also been reported in the clinical forms of tuberculous disease and in treatment adherence and cure rates in patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. The present study was undertaken to find out the sex differences in the notification rates and treatment outcomes of TB patients registered under the RNTCP in a rural tuberculosis unit (TU) in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out among a total of 3605 cases registered under the RNTCP between January 1999 and June 2005. Notification rates of TB, clinical forms of TB and disease treatment outcomes recorded in the registers were analyzed based on genders. Outcomes were defined in accordance with the standard RNTCP definitions. The Z-test for proportion (for comparing differences in proportions), Student t-test (for comparing mean), and χ2 test (to see association) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Among the total of 3605 patients, 2498 (69.3%) were male and 1107 (30.7%) were female with a male female ratio of 2.25:1. In patients less than 20 years of age, the notification rates among males and females were similar. In the other age groups, males were more likely to be notified compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. While new smear positive and retreatment cases were significantly more than in males, among females, new smear negative and new extrapulmonary cases were significantly higher. Among the new smear positive patients 89.4% of females were cured compared to 85.8% of males which was again significant statistically (Z=1.70, P<0.05). Male patients outnumbered females in all the unfavorable outcomes like death, failure, and default although none of the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a gender difference in the notification rates, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis. Integrated research is necessary to find the reasons for these differences. Such studies will be helpful in improving the efficacy of the RNTCP.
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spelling	10.4103/0970-2113.95302 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073933570 (DE-599)DOAJ24a0e2a418e041f38c8d0e77a0b4a118 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC705-779 Abhijit Mukherjee verfasserin aut Gender differences in notification rates, clinical forms and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under the RNTCP 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: An increased notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) in men is seen in the SAARC region. In India, the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) detects nearly three times more male than female TB patients. Gender differences have also been reported in the clinical forms of tuberculous disease and in treatment adherence and cure rates in patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. The present study was undertaken to find out the sex differences in the notification rates and treatment outcomes of TB patients registered under the RNTCP in a rural tuberculosis unit (TU) in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out among a total of 3605 cases registered under the RNTCP between January 1999 and June 2005. Notification rates of TB, clinical forms of TB and disease treatment outcomes recorded in the registers were analyzed based on genders. Outcomes were defined in accordance with the standard RNTCP definitions. The Z-test for proportion (for comparing differences in proportions), Student t-test (for comparing mean), and χ2 test (to see association) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Among the total of 3605 patients, 2498 (69.3%) were male and 1107 (30.7%) were female with a male female ratio of 2.25:1. In patients less than 20 years of age, the notification rates among males and females were similar. In the other age groups, males were more likely to be notified compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. While new smear positive and retreatment cases were significantly more than in males, among females, new smear negative and new extrapulmonary cases were significantly higher. Among the new smear positive patients 89.4% of females were cured compared to 85.8% of males which was again significant statistically (Z=1.70, P<0.05). Male patients outnumbered females in all the unfavorable outcomes like death, failure, and default although none of the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a gender difference in the notification rates, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis. Integrated research is necessary to find the reasons for these differences. Such studies will be helpful in improving the efficacy of the RNTCP. Gender revised national tuberculosis control programme tuberculosis West Bengal Diseases of the respiratory system Indranil Saha verfasserin aut Anirban Sarkar verfasserin aut Ranadip Chowdhury verfasserin aut In Lung India Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2009 29(2012), 2, Seite 120-122 (DE-627)558697895 (DE-600)2410801-7 0974598X nnns volume:29 year:2012 number:2 pages:120-122 https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-2113.95302 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/24a0e2a418e041f38c8d0e77a0b4a118 kostenfrei http://www.lungindia.com/article.asp?issn=0970-2113;year=2012;volume=29;issue=2;spage=120;epage=122;aulast=Mukherjee kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0970-2113 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-598X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 29 2012 2 120-122
allfields_unstemmed	10.4103/0970-2113.95302 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073933570 (DE-599)DOAJ24a0e2a418e041f38c8d0e77a0b4a118 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC705-779 Abhijit Mukherjee verfasserin aut Gender differences in notification rates, clinical forms and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under the RNTCP 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: An increased notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) in men is seen in the SAARC region. In India, the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) detects nearly three times more male than female TB patients. Gender differences have also been reported in the clinical forms of tuberculous disease and in treatment adherence and cure rates in patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. The present study was undertaken to find out the sex differences in the notification rates and treatment outcomes of TB patients registered under the RNTCP in a rural tuberculosis unit (TU) in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out among a total of 3605 cases registered under the RNTCP between January 1999 and June 2005. Notification rates of TB, clinical forms of TB and disease treatment outcomes recorded in the registers were analyzed based on genders. Outcomes were defined in accordance with the standard RNTCP definitions. The Z-test for proportion (for comparing differences in proportions), Student t-test (for comparing mean), and χ2 test (to see association) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Among the total of 3605 patients, 2498 (69.3%) were male and 1107 (30.7%) were female with a male female ratio of 2.25:1. In patients less than 20 years of age, the notification rates among males and females were similar. In the other age groups, males were more likely to be notified compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. While new smear positive and retreatment cases were significantly more than in males, among females, new smear negative and new extrapulmonary cases were significantly higher. Among the new smear positive patients 89.4% of females were cured compared to 85.8% of males which was again significant statistically (Z=1.70, P<0.05). Male patients outnumbered females in all the unfavorable outcomes like death, failure, and default although none of the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a gender difference in the notification rates, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis. Integrated research is necessary to find the reasons for these differences. Such studies will be helpful in improving the efficacy of the RNTCP. Gender revised national tuberculosis control programme tuberculosis West Bengal Diseases of the respiratory system Indranil Saha verfasserin aut Anirban Sarkar verfasserin aut Ranadip Chowdhury verfasserin aut In Lung India Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2009 29(2012), 2, Seite 120-122 (DE-627)558697895 (DE-600)2410801-7 0974598X nnns volume:29 year:2012 number:2 pages:120-122 https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-2113.95302 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/24a0e2a418e041f38c8d0e77a0b4a118 kostenfrei http://www.lungindia.com/article.asp?issn=0970-2113;year=2012;volume=29;issue=2;spage=120;epage=122;aulast=Mukherjee kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0970-2113 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-598X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 29 2012 2 120-122
allfieldsGer	10.4103/0970-2113.95302 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073933570 (DE-599)DOAJ24a0e2a418e041f38c8d0e77a0b4a118 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC705-779 Abhijit Mukherjee verfasserin aut Gender differences in notification rates, clinical forms and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under the RNTCP 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: An increased notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) in men is seen in the SAARC region. In India, the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) detects nearly three times more male than female TB patients. Gender differences have also been reported in the clinical forms of tuberculous disease and in treatment adherence and cure rates in patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. The present study was undertaken to find out the sex differences in the notification rates and treatment outcomes of TB patients registered under the RNTCP in a rural tuberculosis unit (TU) in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out among a total of 3605 cases registered under the RNTCP between January 1999 and June 2005. Notification rates of TB, clinical forms of TB and disease treatment outcomes recorded in the registers were analyzed based on genders. Outcomes were defined in accordance with the standard RNTCP definitions. The Z-test for proportion (for comparing differences in proportions), Student t-test (for comparing mean), and χ2 test (to see association) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Among the total of 3605 patients, 2498 (69.3%) were male and 1107 (30.7%) were female with a male female ratio of 2.25:1. In patients less than 20 years of age, the notification rates among males and females were similar. In the other age groups, males were more likely to be notified compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. While new smear positive and retreatment cases were significantly more than in males, among females, new smear negative and new extrapulmonary cases were significantly higher. Among the new smear positive patients 89.4% of females were cured compared to 85.8% of males which was again significant statistically (Z=1.70, P<0.05). Male patients outnumbered females in all the unfavorable outcomes like death, failure, and default although none of the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a gender difference in the notification rates, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis. Integrated research is necessary to find the reasons for these differences. Such studies will be helpful in improving the efficacy of the RNTCP. Gender revised national tuberculosis control programme tuberculosis West Bengal Diseases of the respiratory system Indranil Saha verfasserin aut Anirban Sarkar verfasserin aut Ranadip Chowdhury verfasserin aut In Lung India Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2009 29(2012), 2, Seite 120-122 (DE-627)558697895 (DE-600)2410801-7 0974598X nnns volume:29 year:2012 number:2 pages:120-122 https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-2113.95302 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/24a0e2a418e041f38c8d0e77a0b4a118 kostenfrei http://www.lungindia.com/article.asp?issn=0970-2113;year=2012;volume=29;issue=2;spage=120;epage=122;aulast=Mukherjee kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0970-2113 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-598X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 29 2012 2 120-122
allfieldsSound	10.4103/0970-2113.95302 doi (DE-627)DOAJ073933570 (DE-599)DOAJ24a0e2a418e041f38c8d0e77a0b4a118 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC705-779 Abhijit Mukherjee verfasserin aut Gender differences in notification rates, clinical forms and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under the RNTCP 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: An increased notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) in men is seen in the SAARC region. In India, the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) detects nearly three times more male than female TB patients. Gender differences have also been reported in the clinical forms of tuberculous disease and in treatment adherence and cure rates in patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. The present study was undertaken to find out the sex differences in the notification rates and treatment outcomes of TB patients registered under the RNTCP in a rural tuberculosis unit (TU) in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out among a total of 3605 cases registered under the RNTCP between January 1999 and June 2005. Notification rates of TB, clinical forms of TB and disease treatment outcomes recorded in the registers were analyzed based on genders. Outcomes were defined in accordance with the standard RNTCP definitions. The Z-test for proportion (for comparing differences in proportions), Student t-test (for comparing mean), and χ2 test (to see association) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Among the total of 3605 patients, 2498 (69.3%) were male and 1107 (30.7%) were female with a male female ratio of 2.25:1. In patients less than 20 years of age, the notification rates among males and females were similar. In the other age groups, males were more likely to be notified compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. While new smear positive and retreatment cases were significantly more than in males, among females, new smear negative and new extrapulmonary cases were significantly higher. Among the new smear positive patients 89.4% of females were cured compared to 85.8% of males which was again significant statistically (Z=1.70, P<0.05). Male patients outnumbered females in all the unfavorable outcomes like death, failure, and default although none of the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a gender difference in the notification rates, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis. Integrated research is necessary to find the reasons for these differences. Such studies will be helpful in improving the efficacy of the RNTCP. Gender revised national tuberculosis control programme tuberculosis West Bengal Diseases of the respiratory system Indranil Saha verfasserin aut Anirban Sarkar verfasserin aut Ranadip Chowdhury verfasserin aut In Lung India Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2009 29(2012), 2, Seite 120-122 (DE-627)558697895 (DE-600)2410801-7 0974598X nnns volume:29 year:2012 number:2 pages:120-122 https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-2113.95302 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/24a0e2a418e041f38c8d0e77a0b4a118 kostenfrei http://www.lungindia.com/article.asp?issn=0970-2113;year=2012;volume=29;issue=2;spage=120;epage=122;aulast=Mukherjee kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0970-2113 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-598X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 29 2012 2 120-122
language	English
source	In Lung India 29(2012), 2, Seite 120-122 volume:29 year:2012 number:2 pages:120-122
sourceStr	In Lung India 29(2012), 2, Seite 120-122 volume:29 year:2012 number:2 pages:120-122
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Gender revised national tuberculosis control programme tuberculosis West Bengal Diseases of the respiratory system
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container_title	Lung India
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Abhijit Mukherjee @@aut@@ Indranil Saha @@aut@@ Anirban Sarkar @@aut@@ Ranadip Chowdhury @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	558697895
id	DOAJ073933570
language_de	englisch
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In India, the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) detects nearly three times more male than female TB patients. Gender differences have also been reported in the clinical forms of tuberculous disease and in treatment adherence and cure rates in patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. The present study was undertaken to find out the sex differences in the notification rates and treatment outcomes of TB patients registered under the RNTCP in a rural tuberculosis unit (TU) in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out among a total of 3605 cases registered under the RNTCP between January 1999 and June 2005. Notification rates of TB, clinical forms of TB and disease treatment outcomes recorded in the registers were analyzed based on genders. Outcomes were defined in accordance with the standard RNTCP definitions. The Z-test for proportion (for comparing differences in proportions), Student t-test (for comparing mean), and χ2 test (to see association) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Among the total of 3605 patients, 2498 (69.3%) were male and 1107 (30.7%) were female with a male female ratio of 2.25:1. In patients less than 20 years of age, the notification rates among males and females were similar. In the other age groups, males were more likely to be notified compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. While new smear positive and retreatment cases were significantly more than in males, among females, new smear negative and new extrapulmonary cases were significantly higher. Among the new smear positive patients 89.4% of females were cured compared to 85.8% of males which was again significant statistically (Z=1.70, P<0.05). 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author	Abhijit Mukherjee
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topic_title	RC705-779 Gender differences in notification rates, clinical forms and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under the RNTCP Gender revised national tuberculosis control programme tuberculosis West Bengal
topic	misc RC705-779 misc Gender misc revised national tuberculosis control programme misc tuberculosis misc West Bengal misc Diseases of the respiratory system
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title	Gender differences in notification rates, clinical forms and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under the RNTCP
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title_full	Gender differences in notification rates, clinical forms and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under the RNTCP
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author_browse	Abhijit Mukherjee Indranil Saha Anirban Sarkar Ranadip Chowdhury
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title_sort	gender differences in notification rates, clinical forms and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under the rntcp
callnumber	RC705-779
title_auth	Gender differences in notification rates, clinical forms and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under the RNTCP
abstract	Introduction: An increased notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) in men is seen in the SAARC region. In India, the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) detects nearly three times more male than female TB patients. Gender differences have also been reported in the clinical forms of tuberculous disease and in treatment adherence and cure rates in patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. The present study was undertaken to find out the sex differences in the notification rates and treatment outcomes of TB patients registered under the RNTCP in a rural tuberculosis unit (TU) in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out among a total of 3605 cases registered under the RNTCP between January 1999 and June 2005. Notification rates of TB, clinical forms of TB and disease treatment outcomes recorded in the registers were analyzed based on genders. Outcomes were defined in accordance with the standard RNTCP definitions. The Z-test for proportion (for comparing differences in proportions), Student t-test (for comparing mean), and χ2 test (to see association) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Among the total of 3605 patients, 2498 (69.3%) were male and 1107 (30.7%) were female with a male female ratio of 2.25:1. In patients less than 20 years of age, the notification rates among males and females were similar. In the other age groups, males were more likely to be notified compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. While new smear positive and retreatment cases were significantly more than in males, among females, new smear negative and new extrapulmonary cases were significantly higher. Among the new smear positive patients 89.4% of females were cured compared to 85.8% of males which was again significant statistically (Z=1.70, P<0.05). Male patients outnumbered females in all the unfavorable outcomes like death, failure, and default although none of the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a gender difference in the notification rates, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis. Integrated research is necessary to find the reasons for these differences. Such studies will be helpful in improving the efficacy of the RNTCP.
abstractGer	Introduction: An increased notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) in men is seen in the SAARC region. In India, the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) detects nearly three times more male than female TB patients. Gender differences have also been reported in the clinical forms of tuberculous disease and in treatment adherence and cure rates in patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. The present study was undertaken to find out the sex differences in the notification rates and treatment outcomes of TB patients registered under the RNTCP in a rural tuberculosis unit (TU) in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out among a total of 3605 cases registered under the RNTCP between January 1999 and June 2005. Notification rates of TB, clinical forms of TB and disease treatment outcomes recorded in the registers were analyzed based on genders. Outcomes were defined in accordance with the standard RNTCP definitions. The Z-test for proportion (for comparing differences in proportions), Student t-test (for comparing mean), and χ2 test (to see association) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Among the total of 3605 patients, 2498 (69.3%) were male and 1107 (30.7%) were female with a male female ratio of 2.25:1. In patients less than 20 years of age, the notification rates among males and females were similar. In the other age groups, males were more likely to be notified compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. While new smear positive and retreatment cases were significantly more than in males, among females, new smear negative and new extrapulmonary cases were significantly higher. Among the new smear positive patients 89.4% of females were cured compared to 85.8% of males which was again significant statistically (Z=1.70, P<0.05). Male patients outnumbered females in all the unfavorable outcomes like death, failure, and default although none of the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a gender difference in the notification rates, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis. Integrated research is necessary to find the reasons for these differences. Such studies will be helpful in improving the efficacy of the RNTCP.
abstract_unstemmed	Introduction: An increased notification rate of tuberculosis (TB) in men is seen in the SAARC region. In India, the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) detects nearly three times more male than female TB patients. Gender differences have also been reported in the clinical forms of tuberculous disease and in treatment adherence and cure rates in patients undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. The present study was undertaken to find out the sex differences in the notification rates and treatment outcomes of TB patients registered under the RNTCP in a rural tuberculosis unit (TU) in West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record-based study was carried out among a total of 3605 cases registered under the RNTCP between January 1999 and June 2005. Notification rates of TB, clinical forms of TB and disease treatment outcomes recorded in the registers were analyzed based on genders. Outcomes were defined in accordance with the standard RNTCP definitions. The Z-test for proportion (for comparing differences in proportions), Student t-test (for comparing mean), and χ2 test (to see association) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Among the total of 3605 patients, 2498 (69.3%) were male and 1107 (30.7%) were female with a male female ratio of 2.25:1. In patients less than 20 years of age, the notification rates among males and females were similar. In the other age groups, males were more likely to be notified compared to females and the difference was statistically significant. While new smear positive and retreatment cases were significantly more than in males, among females, new smear negative and new extrapulmonary cases were significantly higher. Among the new smear positive patients 89.4% of females were cured compared to 85.8% of males which was again significant statistically (Z=1.70, P<0.05). Male patients outnumbered females in all the unfavorable outcomes like death, failure, and default although none of the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a gender difference in the notification rates, clinical presentations and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis. Integrated research is necessary to find the reasons for these differences. Such studies will be helpful in improving the efficacy of the RNTCP.
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title_short	Gender differences in notification rates, clinical forms and treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under the RNTCP
url	https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-2113.95302 https://doaj.org/article/24a0e2a418e041f38c8d0e77a0b4a118 http://www.lungindia.com/article.asp?issn=0970-2113;year=2012;volume=29;issue=2;spage=120;epage=122;aulast=Mukherjee https://doaj.org/toc/0970-2113 https://doaj.org/toc/0974-598X
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