Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<(Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns

<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<The standard textbook information that annelid musculature consists of oligochaete-like outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle-layers has recently been called into question by observations of a variety of complex muscle systems in numerous polychaete taxa. To clarify the ancestral muscle arrangement in this taxon, we compared myogenetic patterns during embryogenesis of <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<with available data on oligochaete and polychaete myogenesis. This work addresses the conflicting views on the ground pattern of annelids, and adds to our knowledge of the evolution of lophotrochozoan taxa.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Somatic musculature in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<can be classified into the trunk, prostomial/peristomial, and parapodial muscle complexes. The trunk muscles comprise strong bilateral pairs of distinct dorsal and ventral longitudinal strands. The latter are the first to differentiate during myogenesis. They originate within the peristomium and grow posteriorly through the continuous addition of myocytes. Later, the longitudinal muscles also expand anteriorly and form a complex arrangement of prostomial muscles. Four embryonic parapodia differentiate in an anterior-to-posterior progression, significantly contributing to the somatic musculature. Several diagonal and transverse muscles are present dorsally. Some of the latter are situated external to the longitudinal muscles, which implies they are homologous to the circular muscles of oligochaetes. These circular fibers are only weakly developed, and do not appear to form complete muscle circles.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<Comparison of embryonic muscle patterns showed distinct similarities between myogenetic processes in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<and those of oligochaete species, which allows us to relate the diverse adult muscle arrangements of these annelid taxa to each other. These findings provide significant clues for the interpretation of evolutionary changes in annelid musculature.</p< Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Paululat Achim [verfasserIn] Brubacher John L [verfasserIn] Bergter Annette [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2008

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Zoology - BMC, 2004, 5(2008), 1, p 1
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:5 ; year:2008 ; number:1, p 1

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1742-9994-5-1

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ074038621

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245	1	0	\|a Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<(Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns
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allfields	10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ074038621 (DE-599)DOAJb6590306f07b4d468f07523529be0e16 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QL1-991 Paululat Achim verfasserin aut Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<(Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<The standard textbook information that annelid musculature consists of oligochaete-like outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle-layers has recently been called into question by observations of a variety of complex muscle systems in numerous polychaete taxa. To clarify the ancestral muscle arrangement in this taxon, we compared myogenetic patterns during embryogenesis of <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<with available data on oligochaete and polychaete myogenesis. This work addresses the conflicting views on the ground pattern of annelids, and adds to our knowledge of the evolution of lophotrochozoan taxa.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Somatic musculature in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<can be classified into the trunk, prostomial/peristomial, and parapodial muscle complexes. The trunk muscles comprise strong bilateral pairs of distinct dorsal and ventral longitudinal strands. The latter are the first to differentiate during myogenesis. They originate within the peristomium and grow posteriorly through the continuous addition of myocytes. Later, the longitudinal muscles also expand anteriorly and form a complex arrangement of prostomial muscles. Four embryonic parapodia differentiate in an anterior-to-posterior progression, significantly contributing to the somatic musculature. Several diagonal and transverse muscles are present dorsally. Some of the latter are situated external to the longitudinal muscles, which implies they are homologous to the circular muscles of oligochaetes. These circular fibers are only weakly developed, and do not appear to form complete muscle circles.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<Comparison of embryonic muscle patterns showed distinct similarities between myogenetic processes in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<and those of oligochaete species, which allows us to relate the diverse adult muscle arrangements of these annelid taxa to each other. These findings provide significant clues for the interpretation of evolutionary changes in annelid musculature.</p< Zoology Brubacher John L verfasserin aut Bergter Annette verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Zoology BMC, 2004 5(2008), 1, p 1 (DE-627)461908166 (DE-600)2164409-3 17429994 nnns volume:5 year:2008 number:1, p 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b6590306f07b4d468f07523529be0e16 kostenfrei http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/5/1/1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1742-9994 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2008 1, p 1
spelling	10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ074038621 (DE-599)DOAJb6590306f07b4d468f07523529be0e16 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QL1-991 Paululat Achim verfasserin aut Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<(Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<The standard textbook information that annelid musculature consists of oligochaete-like outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle-layers has recently been called into question by observations of a variety of complex muscle systems in numerous polychaete taxa. To clarify the ancestral muscle arrangement in this taxon, we compared myogenetic patterns during embryogenesis of <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<with available data on oligochaete and polychaete myogenesis. This work addresses the conflicting views on the ground pattern of annelids, and adds to our knowledge of the evolution of lophotrochozoan taxa.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Somatic musculature in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<can be classified into the trunk, prostomial/peristomial, and parapodial muscle complexes. The trunk muscles comprise strong bilateral pairs of distinct dorsal and ventral longitudinal strands. The latter are the first to differentiate during myogenesis. They originate within the peristomium and grow posteriorly through the continuous addition of myocytes. Later, the longitudinal muscles also expand anteriorly and form a complex arrangement of prostomial muscles. Four embryonic parapodia differentiate in an anterior-to-posterior progression, significantly contributing to the somatic musculature. Several diagonal and transverse muscles are present dorsally. Some of the latter are situated external to the longitudinal muscles, which implies they are homologous to the circular muscles of oligochaetes. These circular fibers are only weakly developed, and do not appear to form complete muscle circles.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<Comparison of embryonic muscle patterns showed distinct similarities between myogenetic processes in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<and those of oligochaete species, which allows us to relate the diverse adult muscle arrangements of these annelid taxa to each other. These findings provide significant clues for the interpretation of evolutionary changes in annelid musculature.</p< Zoology Brubacher John L verfasserin aut Bergter Annette verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Zoology BMC, 2004 5(2008), 1, p 1 (DE-627)461908166 (DE-600)2164409-3 17429994 nnns volume:5 year:2008 number:1, p 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b6590306f07b4d468f07523529be0e16 kostenfrei http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/5/1/1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1742-9994 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2008 1, p 1
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ074038621 (DE-599)DOAJb6590306f07b4d468f07523529be0e16 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QL1-991 Paululat Achim verfasserin aut Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<(Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<The standard textbook information that annelid musculature consists of oligochaete-like outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle-layers has recently been called into question by observations of a variety of complex muscle systems in numerous polychaete taxa. To clarify the ancestral muscle arrangement in this taxon, we compared myogenetic patterns during embryogenesis of <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<with available data on oligochaete and polychaete myogenesis. This work addresses the conflicting views on the ground pattern of annelids, and adds to our knowledge of the evolution of lophotrochozoan taxa.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Somatic musculature in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<can be classified into the trunk, prostomial/peristomial, and parapodial muscle complexes. The trunk muscles comprise strong bilateral pairs of distinct dorsal and ventral longitudinal strands. The latter are the first to differentiate during myogenesis. They originate within the peristomium and grow posteriorly through the continuous addition of myocytes. Later, the longitudinal muscles also expand anteriorly and form a complex arrangement of prostomial muscles. Four embryonic parapodia differentiate in an anterior-to-posterior progression, significantly contributing to the somatic musculature. Several diagonal and transverse muscles are present dorsally. Some of the latter are situated external to the longitudinal muscles, which implies they are homologous to the circular muscles of oligochaetes. These circular fibers are only weakly developed, and do not appear to form complete muscle circles.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<Comparison of embryonic muscle patterns showed distinct similarities between myogenetic processes in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<and those of oligochaete species, which allows us to relate the diverse adult muscle arrangements of these annelid taxa to each other. These findings provide significant clues for the interpretation of evolutionary changes in annelid musculature.</p< Zoology Brubacher John L verfasserin aut Bergter Annette verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Zoology BMC, 2004 5(2008), 1, p 1 (DE-627)461908166 (DE-600)2164409-3 17429994 nnns volume:5 year:2008 number:1, p 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b6590306f07b4d468f07523529be0e16 kostenfrei http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/5/1/1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1742-9994 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2008 1, p 1
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ074038621 (DE-599)DOAJb6590306f07b4d468f07523529be0e16 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QL1-991 Paululat Achim verfasserin aut Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<(Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<The standard textbook information that annelid musculature consists of oligochaete-like outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle-layers has recently been called into question by observations of a variety of complex muscle systems in numerous polychaete taxa. To clarify the ancestral muscle arrangement in this taxon, we compared myogenetic patterns during embryogenesis of <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<with available data on oligochaete and polychaete myogenesis. This work addresses the conflicting views on the ground pattern of annelids, and adds to our knowledge of the evolution of lophotrochozoan taxa.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Somatic musculature in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<can be classified into the trunk, prostomial/peristomial, and parapodial muscle complexes. The trunk muscles comprise strong bilateral pairs of distinct dorsal and ventral longitudinal strands. The latter are the first to differentiate during myogenesis. They originate within the peristomium and grow posteriorly through the continuous addition of myocytes. Later, the longitudinal muscles also expand anteriorly and form a complex arrangement of prostomial muscles. Four embryonic parapodia differentiate in an anterior-to-posterior progression, significantly contributing to the somatic musculature. Several diagonal and transverse muscles are present dorsally. Some of the latter are situated external to the longitudinal muscles, which implies they are homologous to the circular muscles of oligochaetes. These circular fibers are only weakly developed, and do not appear to form complete muscle circles.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<Comparison of embryonic muscle patterns showed distinct similarities between myogenetic processes in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<and those of oligochaete species, which allows us to relate the diverse adult muscle arrangements of these annelid taxa to each other. These findings provide significant clues for the interpretation of evolutionary changes in annelid musculature.</p< Zoology Brubacher John L verfasserin aut Bergter Annette verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Zoology BMC, 2004 5(2008), 1, p 1 (DE-627)461908166 (DE-600)2164409-3 17429994 nnns volume:5 year:2008 number:1, p 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b6590306f07b4d468f07523529be0e16 kostenfrei http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/5/1/1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1742-9994 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2008 1, p 1
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ074038621 (DE-599)DOAJb6590306f07b4d468f07523529be0e16 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QL1-991 Paululat Achim verfasserin aut Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<(Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<The standard textbook information that annelid musculature consists of oligochaete-like outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle-layers has recently been called into question by observations of a variety of complex muscle systems in numerous polychaete taxa. To clarify the ancestral muscle arrangement in this taxon, we compared myogenetic patterns during embryogenesis of <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<with available data on oligochaete and polychaete myogenesis. This work addresses the conflicting views on the ground pattern of annelids, and adds to our knowledge of the evolution of lophotrochozoan taxa.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Somatic musculature in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<can be classified into the trunk, prostomial/peristomial, and parapodial muscle complexes. The trunk muscles comprise strong bilateral pairs of distinct dorsal and ventral longitudinal strands. The latter are the first to differentiate during myogenesis. They originate within the peristomium and grow posteriorly through the continuous addition of myocytes. Later, the longitudinal muscles also expand anteriorly and form a complex arrangement of prostomial muscles. Four embryonic parapodia differentiate in an anterior-to-posterior progression, significantly contributing to the somatic musculature. Several diagonal and transverse muscles are present dorsally. Some of the latter are situated external to the longitudinal muscles, which implies they are homologous to the circular muscles of oligochaetes. These circular fibers are only weakly developed, and do not appear to form complete muscle circles.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<Comparison of embryonic muscle patterns showed distinct similarities between myogenetic processes in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<and those of oligochaete species, which allows us to relate the diverse adult muscle arrangements of these annelid taxa to each other. These findings provide significant clues for the interpretation of evolutionary changes in annelid musculature.</p< Zoology Brubacher John L verfasserin aut Bergter Annette verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Zoology BMC, 2004 5(2008), 1, p 1 (DE-627)461908166 (DE-600)2164409-3 17429994 nnns volume:5 year:2008 number:1, p 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b6590306f07b4d468f07523529be0e16 kostenfrei http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/5/1/1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1742-9994 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2008 1, p 1
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title	Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<(Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns
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title_full	Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<(Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns
author_sort	Paululat Achim
journal	Frontiers in Zoology
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author_browse	Paululat Achim Brubacher John L Bergter Annette
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title_sort	muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<ophryotrocha diadema </it<(dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns
callnumber	QL1-991
title_auth	Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<(Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns
abstract	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<The standard textbook information that annelid musculature consists of oligochaete-like outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle-layers has recently been called into question by observations of a variety of complex muscle systems in numerous polychaete taxa. To clarify the ancestral muscle arrangement in this taxon, we compared myogenetic patterns during embryogenesis of <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<with available data on oligochaete and polychaete myogenesis. This work addresses the conflicting views on the ground pattern of annelids, and adds to our knowledge of the evolution of lophotrochozoan taxa.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Somatic musculature in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<can be classified into the trunk, prostomial/peristomial, and parapodial muscle complexes. The trunk muscles comprise strong bilateral pairs of distinct dorsal and ventral longitudinal strands. The latter are the first to differentiate during myogenesis. They originate within the peristomium and grow posteriorly through the continuous addition of myocytes. Later, the longitudinal muscles also expand anteriorly and form a complex arrangement of prostomial muscles. Four embryonic parapodia differentiate in an anterior-to-posterior progression, significantly contributing to the somatic musculature. Several diagonal and transverse muscles are present dorsally. Some of the latter are situated external to the longitudinal muscles, which implies they are homologous to the circular muscles of oligochaetes. These circular fibers are only weakly developed, and do not appear to form complete muscle circles.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<Comparison of embryonic muscle patterns showed distinct similarities between myogenetic processes in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<and those of oligochaete species, which allows us to relate the diverse adult muscle arrangements of these annelid taxa to each other. These findings provide significant clues for the interpretation of evolutionary changes in annelid musculature.</p<
abstractGer	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<The standard textbook information that annelid musculature consists of oligochaete-like outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle-layers has recently been called into question by observations of a variety of complex muscle systems in numerous polychaete taxa. To clarify the ancestral muscle arrangement in this taxon, we compared myogenetic patterns during embryogenesis of <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<with available data on oligochaete and polychaete myogenesis. This work addresses the conflicting views on the ground pattern of annelids, and adds to our knowledge of the evolution of lophotrochozoan taxa.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Somatic musculature in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<can be classified into the trunk, prostomial/peristomial, and parapodial muscle complexes. The trunk muscles comprise strong bilateral pairs of distinct dorsal and ventral longitudinal strands. The latter are the first to differentiate during myogenesis. They originate within the peristomium and grow posteriorly through the continuous addition of myocytes. Later, the longitudinal muscles also expand anteriorly and form a complex arrangement of prostomial muscles. Four embryonic parapodia differentiate in an anterior-to-posterior progression, significantly contributing to the somatic musculature. Several diagonal and transverse muscles are present dorsally. Some of the latter are situated external to the longitudinal muscles, which implies they are homologous to the circular muscles of oligochaetes. These circular fibers are only weakly developed, and do not appear to form complete muscle circles.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<Comparison of embryonic muscle patterns showed distinct similarities between myogenetic processes in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<and those of oligochaete species, which allows us to relate the diverse adult muscle arrangements of these annelid taxa to each other. These findings provide significant clues for the interpretation of evolutionary changes in annelid musculature.</p<
abstract_unstemmed	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<The standard textbook information that annelid musculature consists of oligochaete-like outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle-layers has recently been called into question by observations of a variety of complex muscle systems in numerous polychaete taxa. To clarify the ancestral muscle arrangement in this taxon, we compared myogenetic patterns during embryogenesis of <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<with available data on oligochaete and polychaete myogenesis. This work addresses the conflicting views on the ground pattern of annelids, and adds to our knowledge of the evolution of lophotrochozoan taxa.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Somatic musculature in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<can be classified into the trunk, prostomial/peristomial, and parapodial muscle complexes. The trunk muscles comprise strong bilateral pairs of distinct dorsal and ventral longitudinal strands. The latter are the first to differentiate during myogenesis. They originate within the peristomium and grow posteriorly through the continuous addition of myocytes. Later, the longitudinal muscles also expand anteriorly and form a complex arrangement of prostomial muscles. Four embryonic parapodia differentiate in an anterior-to-posterior progression, significantly contributing to the somatic musculature. Several diagonal and transverse muscles are present dorsally. Some of the latter are situated external to the longitudinal muscles, which implies they are homologous to the circular muscles of oligochaetes. These circular fibers are only weakly developed, and do not appear to form complete muscle circles.</p< <p<Conclusion</p< <p<Comparison of embryonic muscle patterns showed distinct similarities between myogenetic processes in <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<and those of oligochaete species, which allows us to relate the diverse adult muscle arrangements of these annelid taxa to each other. These findings provide significant clues for the interpretation of evolutionary changes in annelid musculature.</p<
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title_short	Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete <it<Ophryotrocha diadema </it<(Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns
url	https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-5-1 https://doaj.org/article/b6590306f07b4d468f07523529be0e16 http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/5/1/1 https://doaj.org/toc/1742-9994
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