Embryology in <i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae): Structure of Female Flowers, Fruit, Endosperm and Embryo

<i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae s.str.) is a holoparasite characterised by aberrant vegetative bodies and tiny, reduced unisexual flowers. Here, we analysed the development of female flowers to elucidate their morpho-anatomy and the historical controversy on embryo sac format...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Ana Maria Gonzalez [verfasserIn] Héctor A. Sato [verfasserIn] Brigitte Marazzi [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	embryo endosperm four-celled embryo sac holoparasites

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Plants - MDPI AG, 2013, 8(2019), 3, p 74
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:8 ; year:2019 ; number:3, p 74

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/plants8030074

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ074527223

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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Ana Maria Gonzalez
spellingShingle	Ana Maria Gonzalez misc QK1-989 misc embryo misc endosperm misc four-celled embryo sac misc holoparasites misc Botany Embryology in <i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae): Structure of Female Flowers, Fruit, Endosperm and Embryo
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topic_title	QK1-989 Embryology in <i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae): Structure of Female Flowers, Fruit, Endosperm and Embryo embryo endosperm four-celled embryo sac holoparasites
topic	misc QK1-989 misc embryo misc endosperm misc four-celled embryo sac misc holoparasites misc Botany
topic_unstemmed	misc QK1-989 misc embryo misc endosperm misc four-celled embryo sac misc holoparasites misc Botany
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title	Embryology in <i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae): Structure of Female Flowers, Fruit, Endosperm and Embryo
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title_full	Embryology in <i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae): Structure of Female Flowers, Fruit, Endosperm and Embryo
author_sort	Ana Maria Gonzalez
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author_browse	Ana Maria Gonzalez Héctor A. Sato Brigitte Marazzi
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title_sort	embryology in <i<helosis cayennensis</i< (balanophoraceae): structure of female flowers, fruit, endosperm and embryo
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title_auth	Embryology in <i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae): Structure of Female Flowers, Fruit, Endosperm and Embryo
abstract	<i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae s.str.) is a holoparasite characterised by aberrant vegetative bodies and tiny, reduced unisexual flowers. Here, we analysed the development of female flowers to elucidate their morpho-anatomy and the historical controversy on embryo sac formation. We also studied the developmental origin of inflorescences and the ontogeny of fruits, embryo and endosperm and discussed in a phylogenetic framework. Inflorescences were analysed by optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Inflorescences of <i<H. cayennensis</i< arise endogenously. Female flowers lack perianth organs, thus only consist of the ovary, two styles and stigmata. Ovules are undifferentiated; two megaspore mother cells develop inside a nucellar complex. The female gametophyte, named <i<Helosis</i<-type, is a bisporic four-celled embryo sac, provided with a typical egg apparatus and a uni-nucleated central cell. Fertilization was not observed, yet a few-celled embryo and cellular endosperm developed. In sum, results confirm that, among Santalales holoparasites, <i<Helosis</i< is intermediate in the reduction series of its floral organs. Although perianth absence best supports the Balanophoraceae s.str. clade, our literature survey on female flower developmental data across Balanophoraceae s.l. highlights the many gaps that need to be filled to really understand these features in the light of new phylogenetic relationships.
abstractGer	<i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae s.str.) is a holoparasite characterised by aberrant vegetative bodies and tiny, reduced unisexual flowers. Here, we analysed the development of female flowers to elucidate their morpho-anatomy and the historical controversy on embryo sac formation. We also studied the developmental origin of inflorescences and the ontogeny of fruits, embryo and endosperm and discussed in a phylogenetic framework. Inflorescences were analysed by optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Inflorescences of <i<H. cayennensis</i< arise endogenously. Female flowers lack perianth organs, thus only consist of the ovary, two styles and stigmata. Ovules are undifferentiated; two megaspore mother cells develop inside a nucellar complex. The female gametophyte, named <i<Helosis</i<-type, is a bisporic four-celled embryo sac, provided with a typical egg apparatus and a uni-nucleated central cell. Fertilization was not observed, yet a few-celled embryo and cellular endosperm developed. In sum, results confirm that, among Santalales holoparasites, <i<Helosis</i< is intermediate in the reduction series of its floral organs. Although perianth absence best supports the Balanophoraceae s.str. clade, our literature survey on female flower developmental data across Balanophoraceae s.l. highlights the many gaps that need to be filled to really understand these features in the light of new phylogenetic relationships.
abstract_unstemmed	<i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae s.str.) is a holoparasite characterised by aberrant vegetative bodies and tiny, reduced unisexual flowers. Here, we analysed the development of female flowers to elucidate their morpho-anatomy and the historical controversy on embryo sac formation. We also studied the developmental origin of inflorescences and the ontogeny of fruits, embryo and endosperm and discussed in a phylogenetic framework. Inflorescences were analysed by optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Inflorescences of <i<H. cayennensis</i< arise endogenously. Female flowers lack perianth organs, thus only consist of the ovary, two styles and stigmata. Ovules are undifferentiated; two megaspore mother cells develop inside a nucellar complex. The female gametophyte, named <i<Helosis</i<-type, is a bisporic four-celled embryo sac, provided with a typical egg apparatus and a uni-nucleated central cell. Fertilization was not observed, yet a few-celled embryo and cellular endosperm developed. In sum, results confirm that, among Santalales holoparasites, <i<Helosis</i< is intermediate in the reduction series of its floral organs. Although perianth absence best supports the Balanophoraceae s.str. clade, our literature survey on female flower developmental data across Balanophoraceae s.l. highlights the many gaps that need to be filled to really understand these features in the light of new phylogenetic relationships.
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title_short	Embryology in <i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae): Structure of Female Flowers, Fruit, Endosperm and Embryo
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Embryology in <i<Helosis cayennensis</i< (Balanophoraceae): Structure of Female Flowers, Fruit, Endosperm and Embryo

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