Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Background: Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable hemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- a...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Anna Uram Benka [verfasserIn] Marina Pandurov [verfasserIn] Izabella Fabri Galambos [verfasserIn] Goran Rakić [verfasserIn] Vladimir Vrsajkov [verfasserIn] Biljana Drašković [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch ; Spanisch ; Portugiesisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	Caudal block Stress response General anesthesia Children

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia - Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2004, 70(2020), 2, Seite 97-103
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:70 ; year:2020 ; number:2 ; pages:97-103

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1016/j.bjane.2020.02.007

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ074732463

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520			\|a Abstract Background: Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable hemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 60 patients scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy. One group (n = 30) received general anesthesia and the other (n = 30) received general anesthesia with a caudal block. Hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose and cortisol level were taken before anesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. Results: Children who received a caudal block had significantly lower serum glucose (p < 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) and pain scores 3 h (p = 0.002) and 6 h (p = 0.003) after the operation, greater hemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. Conclusions: The combination of caudal block with general anesthesia is a safe method that leads to less stress, greater hemodynamic stability, lower pain scores and lower consumption of medication.
650		4	\|a Caudal block
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allfields	10.1016/j.bjane.2020.02.007 doi (DE-627)DOAJ074732463 (DE-599)DOAJde99cc74b0b845e4965accf2a5873920 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng spa por RD78.3-87.3 Anna Uram Benka verfasserin aut Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background: Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable hemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 60 patients scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy. One group (n = 30) received general anesthesia and the other (n = 30) received general anesthesia with a caudal block. Hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose and cortisol level were taken before anesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. Results: Children who received a caudal block had significantly lower serum glucose (p < 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) and pain scores 3 h (p = 0.002) and 6 h (p = 0.003) after the operation, greater hemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. Conclusions: The combination of caudal block with general anesthesia is a safe method that leads to less stress, greater hemodynamic stability, lower pain scores and lower consumption of medication. Caudal block Stress response General anesthesia Children Anesthesiology Marina Pandurov verfasserin aut Izabella Fabri Galambos verfasserin aut Goran Rakić verfasserin aut Vladimir Vrsajkov verfasserin aut Biljana Drašković verfasserin aut In Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2004 70(2020), 2, Seite 97-103 (DE-627)372351166 (DE-600)2122083-9 1806907X nnns volume:70 year:2020 number:2 pages:97-103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2020.02.007 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/de99cc74b0b845e4965accf2a5873920 kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-70942020000200097&tlng=en kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-70942020000200097&tlng=pt kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rba/v70n2/0034-7094-rba-70-02-0097.pdf kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rba/v70n2/pt_0034-7094-rba-70-02-0097.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1806-907X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 70 2020 2 97-103
spelling	10.1016/j.bjane.2020.02.007 doi (DE-627)DOAJ074732463 (DE-599)DOAJde99cc74b0b845e4965accf2a5873920 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng spa por RD78.3-87.3 Anna Uram Benka verfasserin aut Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background: Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable hemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 60 patients scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy. One group (n = 30) received general anesthesia and the other (n = 30) received general anesthesia with a caudal block. Hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose and cortisol level were taken before anesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. Results: Children who received a caudal block had significantly lower serum glucose (p < 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) and pain scores 3 h (p = 0.002) and 6 h (p = 0.003) after the operation, greater hemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. Conclusions: The combination of caudal block with general anesthesia is a safe method that leads to less stress, greater hemodynamic stability, lower pain scores and lower consumption of medication. Caudal block Stress response General anesthesia Children Anesthesiology Marina Pandurov verfasserin aut Izabella Fabri Galambos verfasserin aut Goran Rakić verfasserin aut Vladimir Vrsajkov verfasserin aut Biljana Drašković verfasserin aut In Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2004 70(2020), 2, Seite 97-103 (DE-627)372351166 (DE-600)2122083-9 1806907X nnns volume:70 year:2020 number:2 pages:97-103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2020.02.007 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/de99cc74b0b845e4965accf2a5873920 kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-70942020000200097&tlng=en kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-70942020000200097&tlng=pt kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rba/v70n2/0034-7094-rba-70-02-0097.pdf kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rba/v70n2/pt_0034-7094-rba-70-02-0097.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1806-907X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 70 2020 2 97-103
allfields_unstemmed	10.1016/j.bjane.2020.02.007 doi (DE-627)DOAJ074732463 (DE-599)DOAJde99cc74b0b845e4965accf2a5873920 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng spa por RD78.3-87.3 Anna Uram Benka verfasserin aut Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background: Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable hemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 60 patients scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy. One group (n = 30) received general anesthesia and the other (n = 30) received general anesthesia with a caudal block. Hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose and cortisol level were taken before anesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. Results: Children who received a caudal block had significantly lower serum glucose (p < 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) and pain scores 3 h (p = 0.002) and 6 h (p = 0.003) after the operation, greater hemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. Conclusions: The combination of caudal block with general anesthesia is a safe method that leads to less stress, greater hemodynamic stability, lower pain scores and lower consumption of medication. Caudal block Stress response General anesthesia Children Anesthesiology Marina Pandurov verfasserin aut Izabella Fabri Galambos verfasserin aut Goran Rakić verfasserin aut Vladimir Vrsajkov verfasserin aut Biljana Drašković verfasserin aut In Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2004 70(2020), 2, Seite 97-103 (DE-627)372351166 (DE-600)2122083-9 1806907X nnns volume:70 year:2020 number:2 pages:97-103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2020.02.007 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/de99cc74b0b845e4965accf2a5873920 kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-70942020000200097&tlng=en kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-70942020000200097&tlng=pt kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rba/v70n2/0034-7094-rba-70-02-0097.pdf kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rba/v70n2/pt_0034-7094-rba-70-02-0097.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1806-907X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 70 2020 2 97-103
allfieldsGer	10.1016/j.bjane.2020.02.007 doi (DE-627)DOAJ074732463 (DE-599)DOAJde99cc74b0b845e4965accf2a5873920 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng spa por RD78.3-87.3 Anna Uram Benka verfasserin aut Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background: Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable hemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 60 patients scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy. One group (n = 30) received general anesthesia and the other (n = 30) received general anesthesia with a caudal block. Hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose and cortisol level were taken before anesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. Results: Children who received a caudal block had significantly lower serum glucose (p < 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) and pain scores 3 h (p = 0.002) and 6 h (p = 0.003) after the operation, greater hemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. Conclusions: The combination of caudal block with general anesthesia is a safe method that leads to less stress, greater hemodynamic stability, lower pain scores and lower consumption of medication. Caudal block Stress response General anesthesia Children Anesthesiology Marina Pandurov verfasserin aut Izabella Fabri Galambos verfasserin aut Goran Rakić verfasserin aut Vladimir Vrsajkov verfasserin aut Biljana Drašković verfasserin aut In Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2004 70(2020), 2, Seite 97-103 (DE-627)372351166 (DE-600)2122083-9 1806907X nnns volume:70 year:2020 number:2 pages:97-103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2020.02.007 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/de99cc74b0b845e4965accf2a5873920 kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-70942020000200097&tlng=en kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-70942020000200097&tlng=pt kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rba/v70n2/0034-7094-rba-70-02-0097.pdf kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rba/v70n2/pt_0034-7094-rba-70-02-0097.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1806-907X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 70 2020 2 97-103
allfieldsSound	10.1016/j.bjane.2020.02.007 doi (DE-627)DOAJ074732463 (DE-599)DOAJde99cc74b0b845e4965accf2a5873920 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng spa por RD78.3-87.3 Anna Uram Benka verfasserin aut Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background: Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable hemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 60 patients scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy. One group (n = 30) received general anesthesia and the other (n = 30) received general anesthesia with a caudal block. Hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose and cortisol level were taken before anesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. Results: Children who received a caudal block had significantly lower serum glucose (p < 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) and pain scores 3 h (p = 0.002) and 6 h (p = 0.003) after the operation, greater hemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. Conclusions: The combination of caudal block with general anesthesia is a safe method that leads to less stress, greater hemodynamic stability, lower pain scores and lower consumption of medication. Caudal block Stress response General anesthesia Children Anesthesiology Marina Pandurov verfasserin aut Izabella Fabri Galambos verfasserin aut Goran Rakić verfasserin aut Vladimir Vrsajkov verfasserin aut Biljana Drašković verfasserin aut In Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2004 70(2020), 2, Seite 97-103 (DE-627)372351166 (DE-600)2122083-9 1806907X nnns volume:70 year:2020 number:2 pages:97-103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2020.02.007 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/de99cc74b0b845e4965accf2a5873920 kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-70942020000200097&tlng=en kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-70942020000200097&tlng=pt kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rba/v70n2/0034-7094-rba-70-02-0097.pdf kostenfrei http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rba/v70n2/pt_0034-7094-rba-70-02-0097.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1806-907X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 70 2020 2 97-103
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Anna Uram Benka @@aut@@ Marina Pandurov @@aut@@ Izabella Fabri Galambos @@aut@@ Goran Rakić @@aut@@ Vladimir Vrsajkov @@aut@@ Biljana Drašković @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Anna Uram Benka
spellingShingle	Anna Uram Benka misc RD78.3-87.3 misc Caudal block misc Stress response misc General anesthesia misc Children misc Anesthesiology Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial
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topic_title	RD78.3-87.3 Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial Caudal block Stress response General anesthesia Children
topic	misc RD78.3-87.3 misc Caudal block misc Stress response misc General anesthesia misc Children misc Anesthesiology
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title	Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial
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title_full	Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial
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author_browse	Anna Uram Benka Marina Pandurov Izabella Fabri Galambos Goran Rakić Vladimir Vrsajkov Biljana Drašković
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title_sort	effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial
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title_auth	Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial
abstract	Abstract Background: Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable hemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 60 patients scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy. One group (n = 30) received general anesthesia and the other (n = 30) received general anesthesia with a caudal block. Hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose and cortisol level were taken before anesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. Results: Children who received a caudal block had significantly lower serum glucose (p < 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) and pain scores 3 h (p = 0.002) and 6 h (p = 0.003) after the operation, greater hemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. Conclusions: The combination of caudal block with general anesthesia is a safe method that leads to less stress, greater hemodynamic stability, lower pain scores and lower consumption of medication.
abstractGer	Abstract Background: Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable hemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 60 patients scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy. One group (n = 30) received general anesthesia and the other (n = 30) received general anesthesia with a caudal block. Hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose and cortisol level were taken before anesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. Results: Children who received a caudal block had significantly lower serum glucose (p < 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) and pain scores 3 h (p = 0.002) and 6 h (p = 0.003) after the operation, greater hemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. Conclusions: The combination of caudal block with general anesthesia is a safe method that leads to less stress, greater hemodynamic stability, lower pain scores and lower consumption of medication.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Background: Surgery generates a neuroendocrine stress response, resulting in undesirable hemodynamic instability, alterations in metabolic response and malfunctioning of the immune system. Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 60 patients scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy. One group (n = 30) received general anesthesia and the other (n = 30) received general anesthesia with a caudal block. Hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose and cortisol level were taken before anesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. Results: Children who received a caudal block had significantly lower serum glucose (p < 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) and pain scores 3 h (p = 0.002) and 6 h (p = 0.003) after the operation, greater hemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. Conclusions: The combination of caudal block with general anesthesia is a safe method that leads to less stress, greater hemodynamic stability, lower pain scores and lower consumption of medication.
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title_short	Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial
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Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of caudal blocks in intra- and postoperative pain management and in reducing the stress response in children during the same periods. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial included 60 patients scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy. One group (n = 30) received general anesthesia and the other (n = 30) received general anesthesia with a caudal block. Hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and pain intensity were measured. Blood samples for serum glucose and cortisol level were taken before anesthesia induction and after awakening the patient. Results: Children who received a caudal block had significantly lower serum glucose (p < 0.01), cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01) and pain scores 3 h (p = 0.002) and 6 h (p = 0.003) after the operation, greater hemodynamic stability and lower drug consumption. Also, there were no side effects or complications identified in that group. 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Effects of caudal block in pediatric surgical patients: a randomized clinical trial

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