Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy

Based on 2760 well-defined substorm onsets in the Northern Hemisphere and 1432 in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the FUV Imager on board the IMAGE spacecraft, a detailed statistical study is performed including both auroral regions. This study focuses on the hemispheric comparisons. Southward p...
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Autor*in:	H. Wang [verfasserIn] H. Lühr [verfasserIn] S. Y. Ma [verfasserIn] H. U. Frey [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2007

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Annales Geophysicae - Copernicus Publications, 2002, 25(2007), Seite 989-999
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:25 ; year:2007 ; pages:989-999

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ075020866

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520			\|a Based on 2760 well-defined substorm onsets in the Northern Hemisphere and 1432 in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the FUV Imager on board the IMAGE spacecraft, a detailed statistical study is performed including both auroral regions. This study focuses on the hemispheric comparisons. Southward pointing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is favorable for substorm to occur, but still 30% of the events are preceded by northward IMF. The magnetic latitude (MLat) of substorm onset depends mainly on the merging electric field (<I<E</sub<m</sub<</I<) with a relationship of \|dMLat\|= -5.2 <I<E<sub<m</sub<</I<<sup<0.5</sup<, where dMLat is the deviation from onset MLat. In addition, seasonal effects on onset MLat are also detected, with about 2 degrees higher latitudes during solstices than equinoxes. Both IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and solar illumination have a significant influence on the magnetic local time (MLT) of onsets. An average relation, dMLT=0.25 <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< between IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and the deviation from onset MLT, was found. The <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< dependence varies slightly with the onset latitude. At lower latitudes (higher activity) it is reduced. After removal of the relationship with IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< a linear relationships remains between the solar zenith angle and onset MLT with dMLT=1 min/deg. Therefore, both solar illumination and IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< can contribute to hemispheric longitudinal displacements of substorm onset locations from conjugacy. No indications for systematic latitudinal displacements between the hemispheres have been found.
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allfields	10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075020866 (DE-599)DOAJ279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QC801-809 H. Wang verfasserin aut Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy 2007 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Based on 2760 well-defined substorm onsets in the Northern Hemisphere and 1432 in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the FUV Imager on board the IMAGE spacecraft, a detailed statistical study is performed including both auroral regions. This study focuses on the hemispheric comparisons. Southward pointing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is favorable for substorm to occur, but still 30% of the events are preceded by northward IMF. The magnetic latitude (MLat) of substorm onset depends mainly on the merging electric field (<I<E</sub<m</sub<</I<) with a relationship of \|dMLat\|= -5.2 <I<E<sub<m</sub<</I<<sup<0.5</sup<, where dMLat is the deviation from onset MLat. In addition, seasonal effects on onset MLat are also detected, with about 2 degrees higher latitudes during solstices than equinoxes. Both IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and solar illumination have a significant influence on the magnetic local time (MLT) of onsets. An average relation, dMLT=0.25 <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< between IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and the deviation from onset MLT, was found. The <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< dependence varies slightly with the onset latitude. At lower latitudes (higher activity) it is reduced. After removal of the relationship with IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< a linear relationships remains between the solar zenith angle and onset MLT with dMLT=1 min/deg. Therefore, both solar illumination and IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< can contribute to hemispheric longitudinal displacements of substorm onset locations from conjugacy. No indications for systematic latitudinal displacements between the hemispheres have been found. Science Q Physics Geophysics. Cosmic physics H. Wang verfasserin aut H. Lühr verfasserin aut S. Y. Ma verfasserin aut H. U. Frey verfasserin aut In Annales Geophysicae Copernicus Publications, 2002 25(2007), Seite 989-999 (DE-627)25338981X (DE-600)1458425-6 14320576 nnns volume:25 year:2007 pages:989-999 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a kostenfrei https://www.ann-geophys.net/25/989/2007/angeo-25-989-2007.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 25 2007 989-999
spelling	10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075020866 (DE-599)DOAJ279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QC801-809 H. Wang verfasserin aut Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy 2007 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Based on 2760 well-defined substorm onsets in the Northern Hemisphere and 1432 in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the FUV Imager on board the IMAGE spacecraft, a detailed statistical study is performed including both auroral regions. This study focuses on the hemispheric comparisons. Southward pointing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is favorable for substorm to occur, but still 30% of the events are preceded by northward IMF. The magnetic latitude (MLat) of substorm onset depends mainly on the merging electric field (<I<E</sub<m</sub<</I<) with a relationship of \|dMLat\|= -5.2 <I<E<sub<m</sub<</I<<sup<0.5</sup<, where dMLat is the deviation from onset MLat. In addition, seasonal effects on onset MLat are also detected, with about 2 degrees higher latitudes during solstices than equinoxes. Both IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and solar illumination have a significant influence on the magnetic local time (MLT) of onsets. An average relation, dMLT=0.25 <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< between IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and the deviation from onset MLT, was found. The <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< dependence varies slightly with the onset latitude. At lower latitudes (higher activity) it is reduced. After removal of the relationship with IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< a linear relationships remains between the solar zenith angle and onset MLT with dMLT=1 min/deg. Therefore, both solar illumination and IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< can contribute to hemispheric longitudinal displacements of substorm onset locations from conjugacy. No indications for systematic latitudinal displacements between the hemispheres have been found. Science Q Physics Geophysics. Cosmic physics H. Wang verfasserin aut H. Lühr verfasserin aut S. Y. Ma verfasserin aut H. U. Frey verfasserin aut In Annales Geophysicae Copernicus Publications, 2002 25(2007), Seite 989-999 (DE-627)25338981X (DE-600)1458425-6 14320576 nnns volume:25 year:2007 pages:989-999 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a kostenfrei https://www.ann-geophys.net/25/989/2007/angeo-25-989-2007.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 25 2007 989-999
allfields_unstemmed	10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075020866 (DE-599)DOAJ279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QC801-809 H. Wang verfasserin aut Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy 2007 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Based on 2760 well-defined substorm onsets in the Northern Hemisphere and 1432 in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the FUV Imager on board the IMAGE spacecraft, a detailed statistical study is performed including both auroral regions. This study focuses on the hemispheric comparisons. Southward pointing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is favorable for substorm to occur, but still 30% of the events are preceded by northward IMF. The magnetic latitude (MLat) of substorm onset depends mainly on the merging electric field (<I<E</sub<m</sub<</I<) with a relationship of \|dMLat\|= -5.2 <I<E<sub<m</sub<</I<<sup<0.5</sup<, where dMLat is the deviation from onset MLat. In addition, seasonal effects on onset MLat are also detected, with about 2 degrees higher latitudes during solstices than equinoxes. Both IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and solar illumination have a significant influence on the magnetic local time (MLT) of onsets. An average relation, dMLT=0.25 <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< between IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and the deviation from onset MLT, was found. The <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< dependence varies slightly with the onset latitude. At lower latitudes (higher activity) it is reduced. After removal of the relationship with IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< a linear relationships remains between the solar zenith angle and onset MLT with dMLT=1 min/deg. Therefore, both solar illumination and IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< can contribute to hemispheric longitudinal displacements of substorm onset locations from conjugacy. No indications for systematic latitudinal displacements between the hemispheres have been found. Science Q Physics Geophysics. Cosmic physics H. Wang verfasserin aut H. Lühr verfasserin aut S. Y. Ma verfasserin aut H. U. Frey verfasserin aut In Annales Geophysicae Copernicus Publications, 2002 25(2007), Seite 989-999 (DE-627)25338981X (DE-600)1458425-6 14320576 nnns volume:25 year:2007 pages:989-999 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a kostenfrei https://www.ann-geophys.net/25/989/2007/angeo-25-989-2007.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 25 2007 989-999
allfieldsGer	10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075020866 (DE-599)DOAJ279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QC801-809 H. Wang verfasserin aut Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy 2007 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Based on 2760 well-defined substorm onsets in the Northern Hemisphere and 1432 in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the FUV Imager on board the IMAGE spacecraft, a detailed statistical study is performed including both auroral regions. This study focuses on the hemispheric comparisons. Southward pointing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is favorable for substorm to occur, but still 30% of the events are preceded by northward IMF. The magnetic latitude (MLat) of substorm onset depends mainly on the merging electric field (<I<E</sub<m</sub<</I<) with a relationship of \|dMLat\|= -5.2 <I<E<sub<m</sub<</I<<sup<0.5</sup<, where dMLat is the deviation from onset MLat. In addition, seasonal effects on onset MLat are also detected, with about 2 degrees higher latitudes during solstices than equinoxes. Both IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and solar illumination have a significant influence on the magnetic local time (MLT) of onsets. An average relation, dMLT=0.25 <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< between IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and the deviation from onset MLT, was found. The <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< dependence varies slightly with the onset latitude. At lower latitudes (higher activity) it is reduced. After removal of the relationship with IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< a linear relationships remains between the solar zenith angle and onset MLT with dMLT=1 min/deg. Therefore, both solar illumination and IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< can contribute to hemispheric longitudinal displacements of substorm onset locations from conjugacy. No indications for systematic latitudinal displacements between the hemispheres have been found. Science Q Physics Geophysics. Cosmic physics H. Wang verfasserin aut H. Lühr verfasserin aut S. Y. Ma verfasserin aut H. U. Frey verfasserin aut In Annales Geophysicae Copernicus Publications, 2002 25(2007), Seite 989-999 (DE-627)25338981X (DE-600)1458425-6 14320576 nnns volume:25 year:2007 pages:989-999 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a kostenfrei https://www.ann-geophys.net/25/989/2007/angeo-25-989-2007.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 25 2007 989-999
allfieldsSound	10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075020866 (DE-599)DOAJ279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QC801-809 H. Wang verfasserin aut Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy 2007 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Based on 2760 well-defined substorm onsets in the Northern Hemisphere and 1432 in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the FUV Imager on board the IMAGE spacecraft, a detailed statistical study is performed including both auroral regions. This study focuses on the hemispheric comparisons. Southward pointing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is favorable for substorm to occur, but still 30% of the events are preceded by northward IMF. The magnetic latitude (MLat) of substorm onset depends mainly on the merging electric field (<I<E</sub<m</sub<</I<) with a relationship of \|dMLat\|= -5.2 <I<E<sub<m</sub<</I<<sup<0.5</sup<, where dMLat is the deviation from onset MLat. In addition, seasonal effects on onset MLat are also detected, with about 2 degrees higher latitudes during solstices than equinoxes. Both IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and solar illumination have a significant influence on the magnetic local time (MLT) of onsets. An average relation, dMLT=0.25 <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< between IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and the deviation from onset MLT, was found. The <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< dependence varies slightly with the onset latitude. At lower latitudes (higher activity) it is reduced. After removal of the relationship with IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< a linear relationships remains between the solar zenith angle and onset MLT with dMLT=1 min/deg. Therefore, both solar illumination and IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< can contribute to hemispheric longitudinal displacements of substorm onset locations from conjugacy. No indications for systematic latitudinal displacements between the hemispheres have been found. Science Q Physics Geophysics. Cosmic physics H. Wang verfasserin aut H. Lühr verfasserin aut S. Y. Ma verfasserin aut H. U. Frey verfasserin aut In Annales Geophysicae Copernicus Publications, 2002 25(2007), Seite 989-999 (DE-627)25338981X (DE-600)1458425-6 14320576 nnns volume:25 year:2007 pages:989-999 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a kostenfrei https://www.ann-geophys.net/25/989/2007/angeo-25-989-2007.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 25 2007 989-999
language	English
source	In Annales Geophysicae 25(2007), Seite 989-999 volume:25 year:2007 pages:989-999
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spellingShingle	H. Wang misc QC1-999 misc QC801-809 misc Science misc Q misc Physics misc Geophysics. Cosmic physics Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy
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topic_title	QC1-999 QC801-809 Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy
topic	misc QC1-999 misc QC801-809 misc Science misc Q misc Physics misc Geophysics. Cosmic physics
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title	Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ075020866 (DE-599)DOAJ279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a
title_full	Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy
author_sort	H. Wang
journal	Annales Geophysicae
journalStr	Annales Geophysicae
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author_browse	H. Wang H. Lühr S. Y. Ma H. U. Frey
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author-letter	H. Wang
doi_str_mv	10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy
callnumber	QC1-999
title_auth	Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy
abstract	Based on 2760 well-defined substorm onsets in the Northern Hemisphere and 1432 in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the FUV Imager on board the IMAGE spacecraft, a detailed statistical study is performed including both auroral regions. This study focuses on the hemispheric comparisons. Southward pointing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is favorable for substorm to occur, but still 30% of the events are preceded by northward IMF. The magnetic latitude (MLat) of substorm onset depends mainly on the merging electric field (<I<E</sub<m</sub<</I<) with a relationship of \|dMLat\|= -5.2 <I<E<sub<m</sub<</I<<sup<0.5</sup<, where dMLat is the deviation from onset MLat. In addition, seasonal effects on onset MLat are also detected, with about 2 degrees higher latitudes during solstices than equinoxes. Both IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and solar illumination have a significant influence on the magnetic local time (MLT) of onsets. An average relation, dMLT=0.25 <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< between IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and the deviation from onset MLT, was found. The <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< dependence varies slightly with the onset latitude. At lower latitudes (higher activity) it is reduced. After removal of the relationship with IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< a linear relationships remains between the solar zenith angle and onset MLT with dMLT=1 min/deg. Therefore, both solar illumination and IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< can contribute to hemispheric longitudinal displacements of substorm onset locations from conjugacy. No indications for systematic latitudinal displacements between the hemispheres have been found.
abstractGer	Based on 2760 well-defined substorm onsets in the Northern Hemisphere and 1432 in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the FUV Imager on board the IMAGE spacecraft, a detailed statistical study is performed including both auroral regions. This study focuses on the hemispheric comparisons. Southward pointing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is favorable for substorm to occur, but still 30% of the events are preceded by northward IMF. The magnetic latitude (MLat) of substorm onset depends mainly on the merging electric field (<I<E</sub<m</sub<</I<) with a relationship of \|dMLat\|= -5.2 <I<E<sub<m</sub<</I<<sup<0.5</sup<, where dMLat is the deviation from onset MLat. In addition, seasonal effects on onset MLat are also detected, with about 2 degrees higher latitudes during solstices than equinoxes. Both IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and solar illumination have a significant influence on the magnetic local time (MLT) of onsets. An average relation, dMLT=0.25 <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< between IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and the deviation from onset MLT, was found. The <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< dependence varies slightly with the onset latitude. At lower latitudes (higher activity) it is reduced. After removal of the relationship with IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< a linear relationships remains between the solar zenith angle and onset MLT with dMLT=1 min/deg. Therefore, both solar illumination and IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< can contribute to hemispheric longitudinal displacements of substorm onset locations from conjugacy. No indications for systematic latitudinal displacements between the hemispheres have been found.
abstract_unstemmed	Based on 2760 well-defined substorm onsets in the Northern Hemisphere and 1432 in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the FUV Imager on board the IMAGE spacecraft, a detailed statistical study is performed including both auroral regions. This study focuses on the hemispheric comparisons. Southward pointing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is favorable for substorm to occur, but still 30% of the events are preceded by northward IMF. The magnetic latitude (MLat) of substorm onset depends mainly on the merging electric field (<I<E</sub<m</sub<</I<) with a relationship of \|dMLat\|= -5.2 <I<E<sub<m</sub<</I<<sup<0.5</sup<, where dMLat is the deviation from onset MLat. In addition, seasonal effects on onset MLat are also detected, with about 2 degrees higher latitudes during solstices than equinoxes. Both IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and solar illumination have a significant influence on the magnetic local time (MLT) of onsets. An average relation, dMLT=0.25 <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< between IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< and the deviation from onset MLT, was found. The <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< dependence varies slightly with the onset latitude. At lower latitudes (higher activity) it is reduced. After removal of the relationship with IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< a linear relationships remains between the solar zenith angle and onset MLT with dMLT=1 min/deg. Therefore, both solar illumination and IMF <I<B<sub<y</sub<</I< can contribute to hemispheric longitudinal displacements of substorm onset locations from conjugacy. No indications for systematic latitudinal displacements between the hemispheres have been found.
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title_short	Interhemispheric comparison of average substorm onset locations: evidence for deviation from conjugacy
url	https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-989-2007 https://doaj.org/article/279e472b99b5445fb9e957e42336733a https://www.ann-geophys.net/25/989/2007/angeo-25-989-2007.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576
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author2	H. Wang H. Lühr S. Y. Ma H. U. Frey
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up_date	2024-07-04T01:31:44.359Z
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