<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i<

<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< is an invertebrate pathogen that produces insecticidal crystal toxins acting on the intestinal barrier. In the <i<Galleria mellonella</i< larvae infection model, toxins from the PlcR virulence regulon contribute to pathogenicity by the oral route...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

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Autor*in:	Christophe Buisson [verfasserIn] Michel Gohar [verfasserIn] Eugénie Huillet [verfasserIn] Christina Nielsen-LeRoux [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	haemocoel spores virulence bio-pesticide PlcR-regulon

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Insects - MDPI AG, 2011, 10(2019), 5, p 129
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:10 ; year:2019 ; number:5, p 129

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/insects10050129

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ075152142

Internformat


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allfields	10.3390/insects10050129 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075152142 (DE-599)DOAJ642073b3952a4ee3a4de663348d814ba DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Christophe Buisson verfasserin aut <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i< 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< is an invertebrate pathogen that produces insecticidal crystal toxins acting on the intestinal barrier. In the <i<Galleria mellonella</i< larvae infection model, toxins from the PlcR virulence regulon contribute to pathogenicity by the oral route. While <i<B. thuringiensis</i< is principally an oral pathogen, bacteria may also reach the insect haemocoel following injury of the cuticle. Here, we address the question of spore virulence as compared to vegetative cells when the wild-type Bt407cry- strain and its isogenic ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant are inoculated directly into <i<G. mellonella</i< haemocoel. Mortality dose-response curves were constructed at 25 and 37 °C using spores or vegetative cell inocula, and the 50% lethal dose (LD<sub<50</sub<) in all infection conditions was determined after 48 h of infection. Our findings show that (i) the LD<sub<50</sub< is lower for spores than for vegetative cells for both strains, while the temperature has no significant influence, and (ii) the ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant is four to six times less virulent than the wild-type strain in all infection conditions. Our results suggest that the environmental resistant spores are the most infecting form in haemocoel and that the PlcR virulence regulon plays an important role in toxicity when reaching the haemocoel from the cuticle and not only following ingestion. <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< <i<Galleria mellonella</i< haemocoel spores virulence bio-pesticide PlcR-regulon Science Q Michel Gohar verfasserin aut Eugénie Huillet verfasserin aut Christina Nielsen-LeRoux verfasserin aut In Insects MDPI AG, 2011 10(2019), 5, p 129 (DE-627)718627121 (DE-600)2662247-6 20754450 nnns volume:10 year:2019 number:5, p 129 https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10050129 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/642073b3952a4ee3a4de663348d814ba kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/5/129 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2019 5, p 129
spelling	10.3390/insects10050129 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075152142 (DE-599)DOAJ642073b3952a4ee3a4de663348d814ba DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Christophe Buisson verfasserin aut <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i< 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< is an invertebrate pathogen that produces insecticidal crystal toxins acting on the intestinal barrier. In the <i<Galleria mellonella</i< larvae infection model, toxins from the PlcR virulence regulon contribute to pathogenicity by the oral route. While <i<B. thuringiensis</i< is principally an oral pathogen, bacteria may also reach the insect haemocoel following injury of the cuticle. Here, we address the question of spore virulence as compared to vegetative cells when the wild-type Bt407cry- strain and its isogenic ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant are inoculated directly into <i<G. mellonella</i< haemocoel. Mortality dose-response curves were constructed at 25 and 37 °C using spores or vegetative cell inocula, and the 50% lethal dose (LD<sub<50</sub<) in all infection conditions was determined after 48 h of infection. Our findings show that (i) the LD<sub<50</sub< is lower for spores than for vegetative cells for both strains, while the temperature has no significant influence, and (ii) the ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant is four to six times less virulent than the wild-type strain in all infection conditions. Our results suggest that the environmental resistant spores are the most infecting form in haemocoel and that the PlcR virulence regulon plays an important role in toxicity when reaching the haemocoel from the cuticle and not only following ingestion. <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< <i<Galleria mellonella</i< haemocoel spores virulence bio-pesticide PlcR-regulon Science Q Michel Gohar verfasserin aut Eugénie Huillet verfasserin aut Christina Nielsen-LeRoux verfasserin aut In Insects MDPI AG, 2011 10(2019), 5, p 129 (DE-627)718627121 (DE-600)2662247-6 20754450 nnns volume:10 year:2019 number:5, p 129 https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10050129 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/642073b3952a4ee3a4de663348d814ba kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/5/129 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2019 5, p 129
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/insects10050129 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075152142 (DE-599)DOAJ642073b3952a4ee3a4de663348d814ba DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Christophe Buisson verfasserin aut <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i< 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< is an invertebrate pathogen that produces insecticidal crystal toxins acting on the intestinal barrier. In the <i<Galleria mellonella</i< larvae infection model, toxins from the PlcR virulence regulon contribute to pathogenicity by the oral route. While <i<B. thuringiensis</i< is principally an oral pathogen, bacteria may also reach the insect haemocoel following injury of the cuticle. Here, we address the question of spore virulence as compared to vegetative cells when the wild-type Bt407cry- strain and its isogenic ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant are inoculated directly into <i<G. mellonella</i< haemocoel. Mortality dose-response curves were constructed at 25 and 37 °C using spores or vegetative cell inocula, and the 50% lethal dose (LD<sub<50</sub<) in all infection conditions was determined after 48 h of infection. Our findings show that (i) the LD<sub<50</sub< is lower for spores than for vegetative cells for both strains, while the temperature has no significant influence, and (ii) the ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant is four to six times less virulent than the wild-type strain in all infection conditions. Our results suggest that the environmental resistant spores are the most infecting form in haemocoel and that the PlcR virulence regulon plays an important role in toxicity when reaching the haemocoel from the cuticle and not only following ingestion. <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< <i<Galleria mellonella</i< haemocoel spores virulence bio-pesticide PlcR-regulon Science Q Michel Gohar verfasserin aut Eugénie Huillet verfasserin aut Christina Nielsen-LeRoux verfasserin aut In Insects MDPI AG, 2011 10(2019), 5, p 129 (DE-627)718627121 (DE-600)2662247-6 20754450 nnns volume:10 year:2019 number:5, p 129 https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10050129 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/642073b3952a4ee3a4de663348d814ba kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/5/129 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2019 5, p 129
allfieldsGer	10.3390/insects10050129 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075152142 (DE-599)DOAJ642073b3952a4ee3a4de663348d814ba DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Christophe Buisson verfasserin aut <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i< 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< is an invertebrate pathogen that produces insecticidal crystal toxins acting on the intestinal barrier. In the <i<Galleria mellonella</i< larvae infection model, toxins from the PlcR virulence regulon contribute to pathogenicity by the oral route. While <i<B. thuringiensis</i< is principally an oral pathogen, bacteria may also reach the insect haemocoel following injury of the cuticle. Here, we address the question of spore virulence as compared to vegetative cells when the wild-type Bt407cry- strain and its isogenic ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant are inoculated directly into <i<G. mellonella</i< haemocoel. Mortality dose-response curves were constructed at 25 and 37 °C using spores or vegetative cell inocula, and the 50% lethal dose (LD<sub<50</sub<) in all infection conditions was determined after 48 h of infection. Our findings show that (i) the LD<sub<50</sub< is lower for spores than for vegetative cells for both strains, while the temperature has no significant influence, and (ii) the ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant is four to six times less virulent than the wild-type strain in all infection conditions. Our results suggest that the environmental resistant spores are the most infecting form in haemocoel and that the PlcR virulence regulon plays an important role in toxicity when reaching the haemocoel from the cuticle and not only following ingestion. <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< <i<Galleria mellonella</i< haemocoel spores virulence bio-pesticide PlcR-regulon Science Q Michel Gohar verfasserin aut Eugénie Huillet verfasserin aut Christina Nielsen-LeRoux verfasserin aut In Insects MDPI AG, 2011 10(2019), 5, p 129 (DE-627)718627121 (DE-600)2662247-6 20754450 nnns volume:10 year:2019 number:5, p 129 https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10050129 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/642073b3952a4ee3a4de663348d814ba kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/5/129 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2019 5, p 129
allfieldsSound	10.3390/insects10050129 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075152142 (DE-599)DOAJ642073b3952a4ee3a4de663348d814ba DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Christophe Buisson verfasserin aut <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i< 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< is an invertebrate pathogen that produces insecticidal crystal toxins acting on the intestinal barrier. In the <i<Galleria mellonella</i< larvae infection model, toxins from the PlcR virulence regulon contribute to pathogenicity by the oral route. While <i<B. thuringiensis</i< is principally an oral pathogen, bacteria may also reach the insect haemocoel following injury of the cuticle. Here, we address the question of spore virulence as compared to vegetative cells when the wild-type Bt407cry- strain and its isogenic ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant are inoculated directly into <i<G. mellonella</i< haemocoel. Mortality dose-response curves were constructed at 25 and 37 °C using spores or vegetative cell inocula, and the 50% lethal dose (LD<sub<50</sub<) in all infection conditions was determined after 48 h of infection. Our findings show that (i) the LD<sub<50</sub< is lower for spores than for vegetative cells for both strains, while the temperature has no significant influence, and (ii) the ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant is four to six times less virulent than the wild-type strain in all infection conditions. Our results suggest that the environmental resistant spores are the most infecting form in haemocoel and that the PlcR virulence regulon plays an important role in toxicity when reaching the haemocoel from the cuticle and not only following ingestion. <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< <i<Galleria mellonella</i< haemocoel spores virulence bio-pesticide PlcR-regulon Science Q Michel Gohar verfasserin aut Eugénie Huillet verfasserin aut Christina Nielsen-LeRoux verfasserin aut In Insects MDPI AG, 2011 10(2019), 5, p 129 (DE-627)718627121 (DE-600)2662247-6 20754450 nnns volume:10 year:2019 number:5, p 129 https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10050129 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/642073b3952a4ee3a4de663348d814ba kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/5/129 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2019 5, p 129
language	English
source	In Insects 10(2019), 5, p 129 volume:10 year:2019 number:5, p 129
sourceStr	In Insects 10(2019), 5, p 129 volume:10 year:2019 number:5, p 129
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< <i<Galleria mellonella</i< haemocoel spores virulence bio-pesticide PlcR-regulon Science Q
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Insects
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Christophe Buisson @@aut@@ Michel Gohar @@aut@@ Eugénie Huillet @@aut@@ Christina Nielsen-LeRoux @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	718627121
id	DOAJ075152142
language_de	englisch
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author	Christophe Buisson
spellingShingle	Christophe Buisson misc <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< misc <i<Galleria mellonella</i< misc haemocoel misc spores misc virulence misc bio-pesticide misc PlcR-regulon misc Science misc Q <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i<
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topic_title	<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i< <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< <i<Galleria mellonella</i< haemocoel spores virulence bio-pesticide PlcR-regulon
topic	misc <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< misc <i<Galleria mellonella</i< misc haemocoel misc spores misc virulence misc bio-pesticide misc PlcR-regulon misc Science misc Q
topic_unstemmed	misc <i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< misc <i<Galleria mellonella</i< misc haemocoel misc spores misc virulence misc bio-pesticide misc PlcR-regulon misc Science misc Q
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title	<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i<
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title_full	<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i<
author_sort	Christophe Buisson
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author_browse	Christophe Buisson Michel Gohar Eugénie Huillet Christina Nielsen-LeRoux
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author-letter	Christophe Buisson
doi_str_mv	10.3390/insects10050129
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	<i<bacillus thuringiensis</i< spores and vegetative bacteria: infection capacity and role of the virulence regulon plcr following intrahaemocoel injection of <i<galleria mellonella</i<
title_auth	<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i<
abstract	<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< is an invertebrate pathogen that produces insecticidal crystal toxins acting on the intestinal barrier. In the <i<Galleria mellonella</i< larvae infection model, toxins from the PlcR virulence regulon contribute to pathogenicity by the oral route. While <i<B. thuringiensis</i< is principally an oral pathogen, bacteria may also reach the insect haemocoel following injury of the cuticle. Here, we address the question of spore virulence as compared to vegetative cells when the wild-type Bt407cry- strain and its isogenic ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant are inoculated directly into <i<G. mellonella</i< haemocoel. Mortality dose-response curves were constructed at 25 and 37 °C using spores or vegetative cell inocula, and the 50% lethal dose (LD<sub<50</sub<) in all infection conditions was determined after 48 h of infection. Our findings show that (i) the LD<sub<50</sub< is lower for spores than for vegetative cells for both strains, while the temperature has no significant influence, and (ii) the ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant is four to six times less virulent than the wild-type strain in all infection conditions. Our results suggest that the environmental resistant spores are the most infecting form in haemocoel and that the PlcR virulence regulon plays an important role in toxicity when reaching the haemocoel from the cuticle and not only following ingestion.
abstractGer	<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< is an invertebrate pathogen that produces insecticidal crystal toxins acting on the intestinal barrier. In the <i<Galleria mellonella</i< larvae infection model, toxins from the PlcR virulence regulon contribute to pathogenicity by the oral route. While <i<B. thuringiensis</i< is principally an oral pathogen, bacteria may also reach the insect haemocoel following injury of the cuticle. Here, we address the question of spore virulence as compared to vegetative cells when the wild-type Bt407cry- strain and its isogenic ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant are inoculated directly into <i<G. mellonella</i< haemocoel. Mortality dose-response curves were constructed at 25 and 37 °C using spores or vegetative cell inocula, and the 50% lethal dose (LD<sub<50</sub<) in all infection conditions was determined after 48 h of infection. Our findings show that (i) the LD<sub<50</sub< is lower for spores than for vegetative cells for both strains, while the temperature has no significant influence, and (ii) the ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant is four to six times less virulent than the wild-type strain in all infection conditions. Our results suggest that the environmental resistant spores are the most infecting form in haemocoel and that the PlcR virulence regulon plays an important role in toxicity when reaching the haemocoel from the cuticle and not only following ingestion.
abstract_unstemmed	<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< is an invertebrate pathogen that produces insecticidal crystal toxins acting on the intestinal barrier. In the <i<Galleria mellonella</i< larvae infection model, toxins from the PlcR virulence regulon contribute to pathogenicity by the oral route. While <i<B. thuringiensis</i< is principally an oral pathogen, bacteria may also reach the insect haemocoel following injury of the cuticle. Here, we address the question of spore virulence as compared to vegetative cells when the wild-type Bt407cry- strain and its isogenic ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant are inoculated directly into <i<G. mellonella</i< haemocoel. Mortality dose-response curves were constructed at 25 and 37 °C using spores or vegetative cell inocula, and the 50% lethal dose (LD<sub<50</sub<) in all infection conditions was determined after 48 h of infection. Our findings show that (i) the LD<sub<50</sub< is lower for spores than for vegetative cells for both strains, while the temperature has no significant influence, and (ii) the ∆<i<plcR</i< mutant is four to six times less virulent than the wild-type strain in all infection conditions. Our results suggest that the environmental resistant spores are the most infecting form in haemocoel and that the PlcR virulence regulon plays an important role in toxicity when reaching the haemocoel from the cuticle and not only following ingestion.
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container_issue	5, p 129
title_short	<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i<
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<i<Bacillus thuringiensis</i< Spores and Vegetative Bacteria: Infection Capacity and Role of the Virulence Regulon PlcR Following Intrahaemocoel Injection of <i<Galleria mellonella</i<

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