Late Effects of 1H + 16O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis

The space extending beyond Earth’s magnetosphere is subject to a complex field of high-energy charged nuclei, which are capable of traversing spacecraft shielding and human tissues, inducing dense ionization events. The central nervous system is a major area of concern for astronauts who will be exp...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Frederico Kiffer [verfasserIn] Tyler Alexander [verfasserIn] Julie Anderson [verfasserIn] Thomas Groves [verfasserIn] Taylor McElroy [verfasserIn] Jing Wang [verfasserIn] Vijayalakshmi Sridharan [verfasserIn] Michael Bauer [verfasserIn] Marjan Boerma [verfasserIn] Antiño Allen [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	Mars brain neuron hippocampus morphology behavior

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience - Frontiers Media S.A., 2008, 14(2020)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2020

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ075475251

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spelling	10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075475251 (DE-599)DOAJ4c5e229faedb4ae888f314c43e63d3f6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC321-571 Frederico Kiffer verfasserin aut Late Effects of 1H + 16O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The space extending beyond Earth’s magnetosphere is subject to a complex field of high-energy charged nuclei, which are capable of traversing spacecraft shielding and human tissues, inducing dense ionization events. The central nervous system is a major area of concern for astronauts who will be exposed to the deep-space radiation environment on a mission to Mars, as charged-particle radiation has been shown to elicit changes to the dendritic arbor within the hippocampus of rodents, and related cognitive-behavioral deficits. We exposed 6-month-old male mice to whole-body 1H (0.5 Gy; 150 MeV/n; 18–19 cGy/minute) and an hour later to 16O (0.1Gy; 600 MeV/n; 18–33 Gy/min) at NASA’s Space Radiation Laboratory as a galactic cosmic ray-relevant model. Animals were housed with bedding which provides cognitive enrichment. Mice were tested for cognitive behavior 9 months after exposure to elucidate late radiation effects. Radiation induced significant deficits in novel object recognition and short-term spatial memory (Y-maze). Additionally, we observed opposing morphological differences between the mature granular and pyramidal neurons throughout the hippocampus, with increased dendritic length in the dorsal dentate gyrus and reduced length and complexity in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Dendritic spine analyses revealed a severe reduction in mushroom spine density throughout the hippocampus of irradiated animals. Finally, we detected no general effect of radiation on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in immediate early genes, and genes involved in inflammation but found a higher variant allele frequency in the antioxidants thioredoxin reductase 2 and 3 loci. Mars brain neuron hippocampus morphology behavior Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Frederico Kiffer verfasserin aut Tyler Alexander verfasserin aut Tyler Alexander verfasserin aut Julie Anderson verfasserin aut Julie Anderson verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Taylor McElroy verfasserin aut Taylor McElroy verfasserin aut Jing Wang verfasserin aut Jing Wang verfasserin aut Vijayalakshmi Sridharan verfasserin aut Vijayalakshmi Sridharan verfasserin aut Michael Bauer verfasserin aut Marjan Boerma verfasserin aut Marjan Boerma verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience Frontiers Media S.A., 2008 14(2020) (DE-627)579826392 (DE-600)2452960-6 16625153 nnns volume:14 year:2020 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4c5e229faedb4ae888f314c43e63d3f6 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1662-5153 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2020
allfields_unstemmed	10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075475251 (DE-599)DOAJ4c5e229faedb4ae888f314c43e63d3f6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC321-571 Frederico Kiffer verfasserin aut Late Effects of 1H + 16O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The space extending beyond Earth’s magnetosphere is subject to a complex field of high-energy charged nuclei, which are capable of traversing spacecraft shielding and human tissues, inducing dense ionization events. The central nervous system is a major area of concern for astronauts who will be exposed to the deep-space radiation environment on a mission to Mars, as charged-particle radiation has been shown to elicit changes to the dendritic arbor within the hippocampus of rodents, and related cognitive-behavioral deficits. We exposed 6-month-old male mice to whole-body 1H (0.5 Gy; 150 MeV/n; 18–19 cGy/minute) and an hour later to 16O (0.1Gy; 600 MeV/n; 18–33 Gy/min) at NASA’s Space Radiation Laboratory as a galactic cosmic ray-relevant model. Animals were housed with bedding which provides cognitive enrichment. Mice were tested for cognitive behavior 9 months after exposure to elucidate late radiation effects. Radiation induced significant deficits in novel object recognition and short-term spatial memory (Y-maze). Additionally, we observed opposing morphological differences between the mature granular and pyramidal neurons throughout the hippocampus, with increased dendritic length in the dorsal dentate gyrus and reduced length and complexity in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Dendritic spine analyses revealed a severe reduction in mushroom spine density throughout the hippocampus of irradiated animals. Finally, we detected no general effect of radiation on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in immediate early genes, and genes involved in inflammation but found a higher variant allele frequency in the antioxidants thioredoxin reductase 2 and 3 loci. Mars brain neuron hippocampus morphology behavior Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Frederico Kiffer verfasserin aut Tyler Alexander verfasserin aut Tyler Alexander verfasserin aut Julie Anderson verfasserin aut Julie Anderson verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Taylor McElroy verfasserin aut Taylor McElroy verfasserin aut Jing Wang verfasserin aut Jing Wang verfasserin aut Vijayalakshmi Sridharan verfasserin aut Vijayalakshmi Sridharan verfasserin aut Michael Bauer verfasserin aut Marjan Boerma verfasserin aut Marjan Boerma verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience Frontiers Media S.A., 2008 14(2020) (DE-627)579826392 (DE-600)2452960-6 16625153 nnns volume:14 year:2020 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4c5e229faedb4ae888f314c43e63d3f6 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1662-5153 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2020
allfieldsGer	10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075475251 (DE-599)DOAJ4c5e229faedb4ae888f314c43e63d3f6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC321-571 Frederico Kiffer verfasserin aut Late Effects of 1H + 16O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The space extending beyond Earth’s magnetosphere is subject to a complex field of high-energy charged nuclei, which are capable of traversing spacecraft shielding and human tissues, inducing dense ionization events. The central nervous system is a major area of concern for astronauts who will be exposed to the deep-space radiation environment on a mission to Mars, as charged-particle radiation has been shown to elicit changes to the dendritic arbor within the hippocampus of rodents, and related cognitive-behavioral deficits. We exposed 6-month-old male mice to whole-body 1H (0.5 Gy; 150 MeV/n; 18–19 cGy/minute) and an hour later to 16O (0.1Gy; 600 MeV/n; 18–33 Gy/min) at NASA’s Space Radiation Laboratory as a galactic cosmic ray-relevant model. Animals were housed with bedding which provides cognitive enrichment. Mice were tested for cognitive behavior 9 months after exposure to elucidate late radiation effects. Radiation induced significant deficits in novel object recognition and short-term spatial memory (Y-maze). Additionally, we observed opposing morphological differences between the mature granular and pyramidal neurons throughout the hippocampus, with increased dendritic length in the dorsal dentate gyrus and reduced length and complexity in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Dendritic spine analyses revealed a severe reduction in mushroom spine density throughout the hippocampus of irradiated animals. Finally, we detected no general effect of radiation on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in immediate early genes, and genes involved in inflammation but found a higher variant allele frequency in the antioxidants thioredoxin reductase 2 and 3 loci. Mars brain neuron hippocampus morphology behavior Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Frederico Kiffer verfasserin aut Tyler Alexander verfasserin aut Tyler Alexander verfasserin aut Julie Anderson verfasserin aut Julie Anderson verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Taylor McElroy verfasserin aut Taylor McElroy verfasserin aut Jing Wang verfasserin aut Jing Wang verfasserin aut Vijayalakshmi Sridharan verfasserin aut Vijayalakshmi Sridharan verfasserin aut Michael Bauer verfasserin aut Marjan Boerma verfasserin aut Marjan Boerma verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience Frontiers Media S.A., 2008 14(2020) (DE-627)579826392 (DE-600)2452960-6 16625153 nnns volume:14 year:2020 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4c5e229faedb4ae888f314c43e63d3f6 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1662-5153 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2020
allfieldsSound	10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096 doi (DE-627)DOAJ075475251 (DE-599)DOAJ4c5e229faedb4ae888f314c43e63d3f6 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC321-571 Frederico Kiffer verfasserin aut Late Effects of 1H + 16O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The space extending beyond Earth’s magnetosphere is subject to a complex field of high-energy charged nuclei, which are capable of traversing spacecraft shielding and human tissues, inducing dense ionization events. The central nervous system is a major area of concern for astronauts who will be exposed to the deep-space radiation environment on a mission to Mars, as charged-particle radiation has been shown to elicit changes to the dendritic arbor within the hippocampus of rodents, and related cognitive-behavioral deficits. We exposed 6-month-old male mice to whole-body 1H (0.5 Gy; 150 MeV/n; 18–19 cGy/minute) and an hour later to 16O (0.1Gy; 600 MeV/n; 18–33 Gy/min) at NASA’s Space Radiation Laboratory as a galactic cosmic ray-relevant model. Animals were housed with bedding which provides cognitive enrichment. Mice were tested for cognitive behavior 9 months after exposure to elucidate late radiation effects. Radiation induced significant deficits in novel object recognition and short-term spatial memory (Y-maze). Additionally, we observed opposing morphological differences between the mature granular and pyramidal neurons throughout the hippocampus, with increased dendritic length in the dorsal dentate gyrus and reduced length and complexity in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Dendritic spine analyses revealed a severe reduction in mushroom spine density throughout the hippocampus of irradiated animals. Finally, we detected no general effect of radiation on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in immediate early genes, and genes involved in inflammation but found a higher variant allele frequency in the antioxidants thioredoxin reductase 2 and 3 loci. Mars brain neuron hippocampus morphology behavior Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Frederico Kiffer verfasserin aut Tyler Alexander verfasserin aut Tyler Alexander verfasserin aut Julie Anderson verfasserin aut Julie Anderson verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Thomas Groves verfasserin aut Taylor McElroy verfasserin aut Taylor McElroy verfasserin aut Jing Wang verfasserin aut Jing Wang verfasserin aut Vijayalakshmi Sridharan verfasserin aut Vijayalakshmi Sridharan verfasserin aut Michael Bauer verfasserin aut Marjan Boerma verfasserin aut Marjan Boerma verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut Antiño Allen verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience Frontiers Media S.A., 2008 14(2020) (DE-627)579826392 (DE-600)2452960-6 16625153 nnns volume:14 year:2020 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4c5e229faedb4ae888f314c43e63d3f6 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1662-5153 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2020
language	English
source	In Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 14(2020) volume:14 year:2020
sourceStr	In Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 14(2020) volume:14 year:2020
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Mars brain neuron hippocampus morphology behavior Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Frederico Kiffer @@aut@@ Tyler Alexander @@aut@@ Julie Anderson @@aut@@ Thomas Groves @@aut@@ Taylor McElroy @@aut@@ Jing Wang @@aut@@ Vijayalakshmi Sridharan @@aut@@ Michael Bauer @@aut@@ Marjan Boerma @@aut@@ Antiño Allen @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	579826392
id	DOAJ075475251
language_de	englisch
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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Frederico Kiffer
spellingShingle	Frederico Kiffer misc RC321-571 misc Mars misc brain misc neuron misc hippocampus misc morphology misc behavior misc Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Late Effects of 1H + 16O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis
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topic_title	RC321-571 Late Effects of 1H + 16O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis Mars brain neuron hippocampus morphology behavior
topic	misc RC321-571 misc Mars misc brain misc neuron misc hippocampus misc morphology misc behavior misc Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
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title	Late Effects of 1H + 16O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis
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title_full	Late Effects of 1H + 16O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis
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title_sort	late effects of 1h + 16o on short-term and object memory, hippocampal dendritic morphology and mutagenesis
callnumber	RC321-571
title_auth	Late Effects of 1H + 16O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis
abstract	The space extending beyond Earth’s magnetosphere is subject to a complex field of high-energy charged nuclei, which are capable of traversing spacecraft shielding and human tissues, inducing dense ionization events. The central nervous system is a major area of concern for astronauts who will be exposed to the deep-space radiation environment on a mission to Mars, as charged-particle radiation has been shown to elicit changes to the dendritic arbor within the hippocampus of rodents, and related cognitive-behavioral deficits. We exposed 6-month-old male mice to whole-body 1H (0.5 Gy; 150 MeV/n; 18–19 cGy/minute) and an hour later to 16O (0.1Gy; 600 MeV/n; 18–33 Gy/min) at NASA’s Space Radiation Laboratory as a galactic cosmic ray-relevant model. Animals were housed with bedding which provides cognitive enrichment. Mice were tested for cognitive behavior 9 months after exposure to elucidate late radiation effects. Radiation induced significant deficits in novel object recognition and short-term spatial memory (Y-maze). Additionally, we observed opposing morphological differences between the mature granular and pyramidal neurons throughout the hippocampus, with increased dendritic length in the dorsal dentate gyrus and reduced length and complexity in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Dendritic spine analyses revealed a severe reduction in mushroom spine density throughout the hippocampus of irradiated animals. Finally, we detected no general effect of radiation on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in immediate early genes, and genes involved in inflammation but found a higher variant allele frequency in the antioxidants thioredoxin reductase 2 and 3 loci.
abstractGer	The space extending beyond Earth’s magnetosphere is subject to a complex field of high-energy charged nuclei, which are capable of traversing spacecraft shielding and human tissues, inducing dense ionization events. The central nervous system is a major area of concern for astronauts who will be exposed to the deep-space radiation environment on a mission to Mars, as charged-particle radiation has been shown to elicit changes to the dendritic arbor within the hippocampus of rodents, and related cognitive-behavioral deficits. We exposed 6-month-old male mice to whole-body 1H (0.5 Gy; 150 MeV/n; 18–19 cGy/minute) and an hour later to 16O (0.1Gy; 600 MeV/n; 18–33 Gy/min) at NASA’s Space Radiation Laboratory as a galactic cosmic ray-relevant model. Animals were housed with bedding which provides cognitive enrichment. Mice were tested for cognitive behavior 9 months after exposure to elucidate late radiation effects. Radiation induced significant deficits in novel object recognition and short-term spatial memory (Y-maze). Additionally, we observed opposing morphological differences between the mature granular and pyramidal neurons throughout the hippocampus, with increased dendritic length in the dorsal dentate gyrus and reduced length and complexity in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Dendritic spine analyses revealed a severe reduction in mushroom spine density throughout the hippocampus of irradiated animals. Finally, we detected no general effect of radiation on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in immediate early genes, and genes involved in inflammation but found a higher variant allele frequency in the antioxidants thioredoxin reductase 2 and 3 loci.
abstract_unstemmed	The space extending beyond Earth’s magnetosphere is subject to a complex field of high-energy charged nuclei, which are capable of traversing spacecraft shielding and human tissues, inducing dense ionization events. The central nervous system is a major area of concern for astronauts who will be exposed to the deep-space radiation environment on a mission to Mars, as charged-particle radiation has been shown to elicit changes to the dendritic arbor within the hippocampus of rodents, and related cognitive-behavioral deficits. We exposed 6-month-old male mice to whole-body 1H (0.5 Gy; 150 MeV/n; 18–19 cGy/minute) and an hour later to 16O (0.1Gy; 600 MeV/n; 18–33 Gy/min) at NASA’s Space Radiation Laboratory as a galactic cosmic ray-relevant model. Animals were housed with bedding which provides cognitive enrichment. Mice were tested for cognitive behavior 9 months after exposure to elucidate late radiation effects. Radiation induced significant deficits in novel object recognition and short-term spatial memory (Y-maze). Additionally, we observed opposing morphological differences between the mature granular and pyramidal neurons throughout the hippocampus, with increased dendritic length in the dorsal dentate gyrus and reduced length and complexity in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Dendritic spine analyses revealed a severe reduction in mushroom spine density throughout the hippocampus of irradiated animals. Finally, we detected no general effect of radiation on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in immediate early genes, and genes involved in inflammation but found a higher variant allele frequency in the antioxidants thioredoxin reductase 2 and 3 loci.
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title_short	Late Effects of 1H + 16O on Short-Term and Object Memory, Hippocampal Dendritic Morphology and Mutagenesis
url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096 https://doaj.org/article/4c5e229faedb4ae888f314c43e63d3f6 https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00096/full https://doaj.org/toc/1662-5153
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