Mix it and fix it: functions of composite olfactory signals in ring-tailed lemurs

Animals communicating via scent often deposit composite signals that incorporate odorants from multiple sources; however, the function of mixing chemical signals remains understudied. We tested both a ‘multiple-messages’ and a ‘fixative’ hypothesis of composite olfactory signalling, which, respectiv...
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Autor*in:	Lydia K. Greene [verfasserIn] Kathleen E. Grogan [verfasserIn] Kendra N. Smyth [verfasserIn] Christine A. Adams [verfasserIn] Skylar A. Klager [verfasserIn] Christine M. Drea [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2016

Schlagwörter:	olfactory communication scent mark composite signal strepsirrhine primate behavioural bioassay intrasexual competition

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Royal Society Open Science - The Royal Society, 2015, 3(2016), 4
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:3 ; year:2016 ; number:4

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1098/rsos.160076

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ076499065

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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Lydia K. Greene @@aut@@ Kathleen E. Grogan @@aut@@ Kendra N. Smyth @@aut@@ Christine A. Adams @@aut@@ Skylar A. Klager @@aut@@ Christine M. Drea @@aut@@
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author	Lydia K. Greene
spellingShingle	Lydia K. Greene misc olfactory communication misc scent mark misc composite signal misc strepsirrhine primate misc behavioural bioassay misc intrasexual competition misc Science misc Q Mix it and fix it: functions of composite olfactory signals in ring-tailed lemurs
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topic_title	Mix it and fix it: functions of composite olfactory signals in ring-tailed lemurs olfactory communication scent mark composite signal strepsirrhine primate behavioural bioassay intrasexual competition
topic	misc olfactory communication misc scent mark misc composite signal misc strepsirrhine primate misc behavioural bioassay misc intrasexual competition misc Science misc Q
topic_unstemmed	misc olfactory communication misc scent mark misc composite signal misc strepsirrhine primate misc behavioural bioassay misc intrasexual competition misc Science misc Q
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title	Mix it and fix it: functions of composite olfactory signals in ring-tailed lemurs
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title_sort	mix it and fix it: functions of composite olfactory signals in ring-tailed lemurs
title_auth	Mix it and fix it: functions of composite olfactory signals in ring-tailed lemurs
abstract	Animals communicating via scent often deposit composite signals that incorporate odorants from multiple sources; however, the function of mixing chemical signals remains understudied. We tested both a ‘multiple-messages’ and a ‘fixative’ hypothesis of composite olfactory signalling, which, respectively, posit that mixing scents functions to increase information content or prolong signal longevity. Our subjects—adult, male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)—have a complex scent-marking repertoire, involving volatile antebrachial (A) secretions, deposited pure or after being mixed with a squalene-rich paste exuded from brachial (B) glands. Using behavioural bioassays, we examined recipient responses to odorants collected from conspecific strangers. We concurrently presented pure A, pure B and mixed A + B secretions, in fresh or decayed conditions. Lemurs preferentially responded to mixed over pure secretions, their interest increasing and shifting over time, from sniffing and countermarking fresh mixtures, to licking and countermarking decayed mixtures. Substituting synthetic squalene (S)—a well-known fixative—for B secretions did not replicate prior results: B secretions, which contain additional chemicals that probably encode salient information, were preferred over pure S. Whereas support for the ‘multiple-messages’ hypothesis underscores the unique contribution from each of an animal's various secretions, support for the ‘fixative’ hypothesis highlights the synergistic benefits of composite signals.
abstractGer	Animals communicating via scent often deposit composite signals that incorporate odorants from multiple sources; however, the function of mixing chemical signals remains understudied. We tested both a ‘multiple-messages’ and a ‘fixative’ hypothesis of composite olfactory signalling, which, respectively, posit that mixing scents functions to increase information content or prolong signal longevity. Our subjects—adult, male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)—have a complex scent-marking repertoire, involving volatile antebrachial (A) secretions, deposited pure or after being mixed with a squalene-rich paste exuded from brachial (B) glands. Using behavioural bioassays, we examined recipient responses to odorants collected from conspecific strangers. We concurrently presented pure A, pure B and mixed A + B secretions, in fresh or decayed conditions. Lemurs preferentially responded to mixed over pure secretions, their interest increasing and shifting over time, from sniffing and countermarking fresh mixtures, to licking and countermarking decayed mixtures. Substituting synthetic squalene (S)—a well-known fixative—for B secretions did not replicate prior results: B secretions, which contain additional chemicals that probably encode salient information, were preferred over pure S. Whereas support for the ‘multiple-messages’ hypothesis underscores the unique contribution from each of an animal's various secretions, support for the ‘fixative’ hypothesis highlights the synergistic benefits of composite signals.
abstract_unstemmed	Animals communicating via scent often deposit composite signals that incorporate odorants from multiple sources; however, the function of mixing chemical signals remains understudied. We tested both a ‘multiple-messages’ and a ‘fixative’ hypothesis of composite olfactory signalling, which, respectively, posit that mixing scents functions to increase information content or prolong signal longevity. Our subjects—adult, male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)—have a complex scent-marking repertoire, involving volatile antebrachial (A) secretions, deposited pure or after being mixed with a squalene-rich paste exuded from brachial (B) glands. Using behavioural bioassays, we examined recipient responses to odorants collected from conspecific strangers. We concurrently presented pure A, pure B and mixed A + B secretions, in fresh or decayed conditions. Lemurs preferentially responded to mixed over pure secretions, their interest increasing and shifting over time, from sniffing and countermarking fresh mixtures, to licking and countermarking decayed mixtures. Substituting synthetic squalene (S)—a well-known fixative—for B secretions did not replicate prior results: B secretions, which contain additional chemicals that probably encode salient information, were preferred over pure S. Whereas support for the ‘multiple-messages’ hypothesis underscores the unique contribution from each of an animal's various secretions, support for the ‘fixative’ hypothesis highlights the synergistic benefits of composite signals.
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title_short	Mix it and fix it: functions of composite olfactory signals in ring-tailed lemurs
url	https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160076 https://doaj.org/article/d62f0712587b47a78fda94cc362c5e3b https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.160076 https://doaj.org/toc/2054-5703
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author2	Kathleen E. Grogan Kendra N. Smyth Christine A. Adams Skylar A. Klager Christine M. Drea
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Mix it and fix it: functions of composite olfactory signals in ring-tailed lemurs

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