Application of baby walkers in Russia: Epidemiological aspects

As per various research data, from 42% to 90% families all over the world use baby walkers. There are some data implying that baby walkers prevent motor skills from their natural development and are to a certain extent dangerous for infants' health. Prevalence of damages associated with baby walkers varies from 7% to 50% according to different estimations. Our research goals were to determine reasons for application of baby walkers in Russia and their prevalence in Russian families; to assess levels and structure of children injuries caused by baby walkers and their influence on motor development and on walking pattern formation. We performed three cohort pieces of research with pseudo-retrospective design. The overall sampling included 749 children; "baby-walker" groups consisted of 363 infants. We also performed an anamnestic questioning of parents with specially designed anonymous questionnaires. The research was accomplished on typical Russian territories (Rzhev and Rzhev district in Tver' region, population amounts to approximately 60.3 thousand people). We detected that frequency with which baby walkers were applied among children on the examined territories was similar to average frequency detected worldwide and amounted to 62.11±18.5%. Parents think that basic advantages and reasons for application of baby walkers are as follows: they make a child to develop faster; they keep a baby busy and help to keep it safe; they entertain a baby; it is a tradition. The detected level of injuries caused by baby walkers was relatively low (15.4%). There were no injuries that require medical aid. Our research didn't reveal any statistically authentic influence exerted by baby walkers on formation of acquired static deformations in infancy. There is also no statistically authentic discrepancy between children from "baby walkers" group and "without baby walkers" group in the examined sampling when they reach the following stages in their development: "standing with a support" and "moving with a support". But on average, children who grew with baby walkers started to walk on their own with a 13-day delay. We detected a statistically authentic strong correlation (p<0.01) between application of baby walkers and risk of tiptoe walking (RR=3.56; CI 2.56–4.99 for 95% provision). A longer period of tiptoe walking in "baby walkers" group confirms that baby walkers exert long-term negative influence on walking pattern structure. We detected the following additional (attributable) population risk (PAR): absence of walking on one's own, PAR=4.45%–5.3%; tiptoe walking, PAR=19.6%–23.4%. Application of baby walkers in families from the examined population decreased from 52.03% to 43.66% and it means that active informative campaigns aimed at explaining baby walkers dangers to parents and guardians were quite efficient. It is advisable to perform further research on the matter. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	A.N. Sharov [verfasserIn] A.V. Krivova [verfasserIn] S.S. Rodionova [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch ; Russisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	baby walkers children injuries stages in motor development delay in onset of walking tiptoe walking idiopathic toe-walking

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Analiz Riska Zdorovʹû - FBSI “Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies”, 2017, (2018), 3, Seite 63-75
Übergeordnetes Werk:	year:2018 ; number:3 ; pages:63-75

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.21668/health.risk/2018.3.07.eng

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ076968189

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spelling	10.21668/health.risk/2018.3.07.eng doi (DE-627)DOAJ076968189 (DE-599)DOAJ7f35c38f5c394bcaaf1f976f66f30181 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng rus A.N. Sharov verfasserin aut Application of baby walkers in Russia: Epidemiological aspects 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier As per various research data, from 42% to 90% families all over the world use baby walkers. There are some data implying that baby walkers prevent motor skills from their natural development and are to a certain extent dangerous for infants' health. Prevalence of damages associated with baby walkers varies from 7% to 50% according to different estimations. Our research goals were to determine reasons for application of baby walkers in Russia and their prevalence in Russian families; to assess levels and structure of children injuries caused by baby walkers and their influence on motor development and on walking pattern formation. We performed three cohort pieces of research with pseudo-retrospective design. The overall sampling included 749 children; "baby-walker" groups consisted of 363 infants. We also performed an anamnestic questioning of parents with specially designed anonymous questionnaires. The research was accomplished on typical Russian territories (Rzhev and Rzhev district in Tver' region, population amounts to approximately 60.3 thousand people). We detected that frequency with which baby walkers were applied among children on the examined territories was similar to average frequency detected worldwide and amounted to 62.11±18.5%. Parents think that basic advantages and reasons for application of baby walkers are as follows: they make a child to develop faster; they keep a baby busy and help to keep it safe; they entertain a baby; it is a tradition. The detected level of injuries caused by baby walkers was relatively low (15.4%). There were no injuries that require medical aid. Our research didn't reveal any statistically authentic influence exerted by baby walkers on formation of acquired static deformations in infancy. There is also no statistically authentic discrepancy between children from "baby walkers" group and "without baby walkers" group in the examined sampling when they reach the following stages in their development: "standing with a support" and "moving with a support". But on average, children who grew with baby walkers started to walk on their own with a 13-day delay. We detected a statistically authentic strong correlation (p<0.01) between application of baby walkers and risk of tiptoe walking (RR=3.56; CI 2.56–4.99 for 95% provision). A longer period of tiptoe walking in "baby walkers" group confirms that baby walkers exert long-term negative influence on walking pattern structure. We detected the following additional (attributable) population risk (PAR): absence of walking on one's own, PAR=4.45%–5.3%; tiptoe walking, PAR=19.6%–23.4%. Application of baby walkers in families from the examined population decreased from 52.03% to 43.66% and it means that active informative campaigns aimed at explaining baby walkers dangers to parents and guardians were quite efficient. It is advisable to perform further research on the matter. baby walkers children injuries stages in motor development delay in onset of walking tiptoe walking idiopathic toe-walking Medicine R A.V. Krivova verfasserin aut S.S. Rodionova verfasserin aut In Analiz Riska Zdorovʹû FBSI “Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies”, 2017 (2018), 3, Seite 63-75 (DE-627)1041197624 23081163 nnns year:2018 number:3 pages:63-75 https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2018.3.07.eng kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7f35c38f5c394bcaaf1f976f66f30181 kostenfrei http://journal.fcrisk.ru/eng/2018/3/7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2308-1155 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2308-1163 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2018 3 63-75
allfields_unstemmed	10.21668/health.risk/2018.3.07.eng doi (DE-627)DOAJ076968189 (DE-599)DOAJ7f35c38f5c394bcaaf1f976f66f30181 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng rus A.N. Sharov verfasserin aut Application of baby walkers in Russia: Epidemiological aspects 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier As per various research data, from 42% to 90% families all over the world use baby walkers. There are some data implying that baby walkers prevent motor skills from their natural development and are to a certain extent dangerous for infants' health. Prevalence of damages associated with baby walkers varies from 7% to 50% according to different estimations. Our research goals were to determine reasons for application of baby walkers in Russia and their prevalence in Russian families; to assess levels and structure of children injuries caused by baby walkers and their influence on motor development and on walking pattern formation. We performed three cohort pieces of research with pseudo-retrospective design. The overall sampling included 749 children; "baby-walker" groups consisted of 363 infants. We also performed an anamnestic questioning of parents with specially designed anonymous questionnaires. The research was accomplished on typical Russian territories (Rzhev and Rzhev district in Tver' region, population amounts to approximately 60.3 thousand people). We detected that frequency with which baby walkers were applied among children on the examined territories was similar to average frequency detected worldwide and amounted to 62.11±18.5%. Parents think that basic advantages and reasons for application of baby walkers are as follows: they make a child to develop faster; they keep a baby busy and help to keep it safe; they entertain a baby; it is a tradition. The detected level of injuries caused by baby walkers was relatively low (15.4%). There were no injuries that require medical aid. Our research didn't reveal any statistically authentic influence exerted by baby walkers on formation of acquired static deformations in infancy. There is also no statistically authentic discrepancy between children from "baby walkers" group and "without baby walkers" group in the examined sampling when they reach the following stages in their development: "standing with a support" and "moving with a support". But on average, children who grew with baby walkers started to walk on their own with a 13-day delay. We detected a statistically authentic strong correlation (p<0.01) between application of baby walkers and risk of tiptoe walking (RR=3.56; CI 2.56–4.99 for 95% provision). A longer period of tiptoe walking in "baby walkers" group confirms that baby walkers exert long-term negative influence on walking pattern structure. We detected the following additional (attributable) population risk (PAR): absence of walking on one's own, PAR=4.45%–5.3%; tiptoe walking, PAR=19.6%–23.4%. Application of baby walkers in families from the examined population decreased from 52.03% to 43.66% and it means that active informative campaigns aimed at explaining baby walkers dangers to parents and guardians were quite efficient. It is advisable to perform further research on the matter. baby walkers children injuries stages in motor development delay in onset of walking tiptoe walking idiopathic toe-walking Medicine R A.V. Krivova verfasserin aut S.S. Rodionova verfasserin aut In Analiz Riska Zdorovʹû FBSI “Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies”, 2017 (2018), 3, Seite 63-75 (DE-627)1041197624 23081163 nnns year:2018 number:3 pages:63-75 https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2018.3.07.eng kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7f35c38f5c394bcaaf1f976f66f30181 kostenfrei http://journal.fcrisk.ru/eng/2018/3/7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2308-1155 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2308-1163 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2018 3 63-75
allfieldsGer	10.21668/health.risk/2018.3.07.eng doi (DE-627)DOAJ076968189 (DE-599)DOAJ7f35c38f5c394bcaaf1f976f66f30181 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng rus A.N. Sharov verfasserin aut Application of baby walkers in Russia: Epidemiological aspects 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier As per various research data, from 42% to 90% families all over the world use baby walkers. There are some data implying that baby walkers prevent motor skills from their natural development and are to a certain extent dangerous for infants' health. Prevalence of damages associated with baby walkers varies from 7% to 50% according to different estimations. Our research goals were to determine reasons for application of baby walkers in Russia and their prevalence in Russian families; to assess levels and structure of children injuries caused by baby walkers and their influence on motor development and on walking pattern formation. We performed three cohort pieces of research with pseudo-retrospective design. The overall sampling included 749 children; "baby-walker" groups consisted of 363 infants. We also performed an anamnestic questioning of parents with specially designed anonymous questionnaires. The research was accomplished on typical Russian territories (Rzhev and Rzhev district in Tver' region, population amounts to approximately 60.3 thousand people). We detected that frequency with which baby walkers were applied among children on the examined territories was similar to average frequency detected worldwide and amounted to 62.11±18.5%. Parents think that basic advantages and reasons for application of baby walkers are as follows: they make a child to develop faster; they keep a baby busy and help to keep it safe; they entertain a baby; it is a tradition. The detected level of injuries caused by baby walkers was relatively low (15.4%). There were no injuries that require medical aid. Our research didn't reveal any statistically authentic influence exerted by baby walkers on formation of acquired static deformations in infancy. There is also no statistically authentic discrepancy between children from "baby walkers" group and "without baby walkers" group in the examined sampling when they reach the following stages in their development: "standing with a support" and "moving with a support". But on average, children who grew with baby walkers started to walk on their own with a 13-day delay. We detected a statistically authentic strong correlation (p<0.01) between application of baby walkers and risk of tiptoe walking (RR=3.56; CI 2.56–4.99 for 95% provision). A longer period of tiptoe walking in "baby walkers" group confirms that baby walkers exert long-term negative influence on walking pattern structure. We detected the following additional (attributable) population risk (PAR): absence of walking on one's own, PAR=4.45%–5.3%; tiptoe walking, PAR=19.6%–23.4%. Application of baby walkers in families from the examined population decreased from 52.03% to 43.66% and it means that active informative campaigns aimed at explaining baby walkers dangers to parents and guardians were quite efficient. It is advisable to perform further research on the matter. baby walkers children injuries stages in motor development delay in onset of walking tiptoe walking idiopathic toe-walking Medicine R A.V. Krivova verfasserin aut S.S. Rodionova verfasserin aut In Analiz Riska Zdorovʹû FBSI “Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies”, 2017 (2018), 3, Seite 63-75 (DE-627)1041197624 23081163 nnns year:2018 number:3 pages:63-75 https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2018.3.07.eng kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7f35c38f5c394bcaaf1f976f66f30181 kostenfrei http://journal.fcrisk.ru/eng/2018/3/7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2308-1155 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2308-1163 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2018 3 63-75
allfieldsSound	10.21668/health.risk/2018.3.07.eng doi (DE-627)DOAJ076968189 (DE-599)DOAJ7f35c38f5c394bcaaf1f976f66f30181 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng rus A.N. Sharov verfasserin aut Application of baby walkers in Russia: Epidemiological aspects 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier As per various research data, from 42% to 90% families all over the world use baby walkers. There are some data implying that baby walkers prevent motor skills from their natural development and are to a certain extent dangerous for infants' health. Prevalence of damages associated with baby walkers varies from 7% to 50% according to different estimations. Our research goals were to determine reasons for application of baby walkers in Russia and their prevalence in Russian families; to assess levels and structure of children injuries caused by baby walkers and their influence on motor development and on walking pattern formation. We performed three cohort pieces of research with pseudo-retrospective design. The overall sampling included 749 children; "baby-walker" groups consisted of 363 infants. We also performed an anamnestic questioning of parents with specially designed anonymous questionnaires. The research was accomplished on typical Russian territories (Rzhev and Rzhev district in Tver' region, population amounts to approximately 60.3 thousand people). We detected that frequency with which baby walkers were applied among children on the examined territories was similar to average frequency detected worldwide and amounted to 62.11±18.5%. Parents think that basic advantages and reasons for application of baby walkers are as follows: they make a child to develop faster; they keep a baby busy and help to keep it safe; they entertain a baby; it is a tradition. The detected level of injuries caused by baby walkers was relatively low (15.4%). There were no injuries that require medical aid. Our research didn't reveal any statistically authentic influence exerted by baby walkers on formation of acquired static deformations in infancy. There is also no statistically authentic discrepancy between children from "baby walkers" group and "without baby walkers" group in the examined sampling when they reach the following stages in their development: "standing with a support" and "moving with a support". But on average, children who grew with baby walkers started to walk on their own with a 13-day delay. We detected a statistically authentic strong correlation (p<0.01) between application of baby walkers and risk of tiptoe walking (RR=3.56; CI 2.56–4.99 for 95% provision). A longer period of tiptoe walking in "baby walkers" group confirms that baby walkers exert long-term negative influence on walking pattern structure. We detected the following additional (attributable) population risk (PAR): absence of walking on one's own, PAR=4.45%–5.3%; tiptoe walking, PAR=19.6%–23.4%. Application of baby walkers in families from the examined population decreased from 52.03% to 43.66% and it means that active informative campaigns aimed at explaining baby walkers dangers to parents and guardians were quite efficient. It is advisable to perform further research on the matter. baby walkers children injuries stages in motor development delay in onset of walking tiptoe walking idiopathic toe-walking Medicine R A.V. Krivova verfasserin aut S.S. Rodionova verfasserin aut In Analiz Riska Zdorovʹû FBSI “Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies”, 2017 (2018), 3, Seite 63-75 (DE-627)1041197624 23081163 nnns year:2018 number:3 pages:63-75 https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2018.3.07.eng kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7f35c38f5c394bcaaf1f976f66f30181 kostenfrei http://journal.fcrisk.ru/eng/2018/3/7 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2308-1155 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2308-1163 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2018 3 63-75
language	English Russian
source	In Analiz Riska Zdorovʹû (2018), 3, Seite 63-75 year:2018 number:3 pages:63-75
sourceStr	In Analiz Riska Zdorovʹû (2018), 3, Seite 63-75 year:2018 number:3 pages:63-75
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	baby walkers children injuries stages in motor development delay in onset of walking tiptoe walking idiopathic toe-walking Medicine R
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container_title	Analiz Riska Zdorovʹû
authorswithroles_txt_mv	A.N. Sharov @@aut@@ A.V. Krivova @@aut@@ S.S. Rodionova @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	1041197624
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language_de	englisch russisch
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We detected that frequency with which baby walkers were applied among children on the examined territories was similar to average frequency detected worldwide and amounted to 62.11±18.5%. Parents think that basic advantages and reasons for application of baby walkers are as follows: they make a child to develop faster; they keep a baby busy and help to keep it safe; they entertain a baby; it is a tradition. The detected level of injuries caused by baby walkers was relatively low (15.4%). There were no injuries that require medical aid. Our research didn't reveal any statistically authentic influence exerted by baby walkers on formation of acquired static deformations in infancy. There is also no statistically authentic discrepancy between children from "baby walkers" group and "without baby walkers" group in the examined sampling when they reach the following stages in their development: "standing with a support" and "moving with a support". But on average, children who grew with baby walkers started to walk on their own with a 13-day delay. We detected a statistically authentic strong correlation (p<0.01) between application of baby walkers and risk of tiptoe walking (RR=3.56; CI 2.56–4.99 for 95% provision). A longer period of tiptoe walking in "baby walkers" group confirms that baby walkers exert long-term negative influence on walking pattern structure. We detected the following additional (attributable) population risk (PAR): absence of walking on one's own, PAR=4.45%–5.3%; tiptoe walking, PAR=19.6%–23.4%. Application of baby walkers in families from the examined population decreased from 52.03% to 43.66% and it means that active informative campaigns aimed at explaining baby walkers dangers to parents and guardians were quite efficient. 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author	A.N. Sharov
spellingShingle	A.N. Sharov misc baby walkers misc children injuries misc stages in motor development misc delay in onset of walking misc tiptoe walking misc idiopathic toe-walking misc Medicine misc R Application of baby walkers in Russia: Epidemiological aspects
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topic_title	Application of baby walkers in Russia: Epidemiological aspects baby walkers children injuries stages in motor development delay in onset of walking tiptoe walking idiopathic toe-walking
topic	misc baby walkers misc children injuries misc stages in motor development misc delay in onset of walking misc tiptoe walking misc idiopathic toe-walking misc Medicine misc R
topic_unstemmed	misc baby walkers misc children injuries misc stages in motor development misc delay in onset of walking misc tiptoe walking misc idiopathic toe-walking misc Medicine misc R
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title	Application of baby walkers in Russia: Epidemiological aspects
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title_full	Application of baby walkers in Russia: Epidemiological aspects
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title_sort	application of baby walkers in russia: epidemiological aspects
title_auth	Application of baby walkers in Russia: Epidemiological aspects
abstract	As per various research data, from 42% to 90% families all over the world use baby walkers. There are some data implying that baby walkers prevent motor skills from their natural development and are to a certain extent dangerous for infants' health. Prevalence of damages associated with baby walkers varies from 7% to 50% according to different estimations. Our research goals were to determine reasons for application of baby walkers in Russia and their prevalence in Russian families; to assess levels and structure of children injuries caused by baby walkers and their influence on motor development and on walking pattern formation. We performed three cohort pieces of research with pseudo-retrospective design. The overall sampling included 749 children; "baby-walker" groups consisted of 363 infants. We also performed an anamnestic questioning of parents with specially designed anonymous questionnaires. The research was accomplished on typical Russian territories (Rzhev and Rzhev district in Tver' region, population amounts to approximately 60.3 thousand people). We detected that frequency with which baby walkers were applied among children on the examined territories was similar to average frequency detected worldwide and amounted to 62.11±18.5%. Parents think that basic advantages and reasons for application of baby walkers are as follows: they make a child to develop faster; they keep a baby busy and help to keep it safe; they entertain a baby; it is a tradition. The detected level of injuries caused by baby walkers was relatively low (15.4%). There were no injuries that require medical aid. Our research didn't reveal any statistically authentic influence exerted by baby walkers on formation of acquired static deformations in infancy. There is also no statistically authentic discrepancy between children from "baby walkers" group and "without baby walkers" group in the examined sampling when they reach the following stages in their development: "standing with a support" and "moving with a support". But on average, children who grew with baby walkers started to walk on their own with a 13-day delay. We detected a statistically authentic strong correlation (p<0.01) between application of baby walkers and risk of tiptoe walking (RR=3.56; CI 2.56–4.99 for 95% provision). A longer period of tiptoe walking in "baby walkers" group confirms that baby walkers exert long-term negative influence on walking pattern structure. We detected the following additional (attributable) population risk (PAR): absence of walking on one's own, PAR=4.45%–5.3%; tiptoe walking, PAR=19.6%–23.4%. Application of baby walkers in families from the examined population decreased from 52.03% to 43.66% and it means that active informative campaigns aimed at explaining baby walkers dangers to parents and guardians were quite efficient. It is advisable to perform further research on the matter.
abstractGer	As per various research data, from 42% to 90% families all over the world use baby walkers. There are some data implying that baby walkers prevent motor skills from their natural development and are to a certain extent dangerous for infants' health. Prevalence of damages associated with baby walkers varies from 7% to 50% according to different estimations. Our research goals were to determine reasons for application of baby walkers in Russia and their prevalence in Russian families; to assess levels and structure of children injuries caused by baby walkers and their influence on motor development and on walking pattern formation. We performed three cohort pieces of research with pseudo-retrospective design. The overall sampling included 749 children; "baby-walker" groups consisted of 363 infants. We also performed an anamnestic questioning of parents with specially designed anonymous questionnaires. The research was accomplished on typical Russian territories (Rzhev and Rzhev district in Tver' region, population amounts to approximately 60.3 thousand people). We detected that frequency with which baby walkers were applied among children on the examined territories was similar to average frequency detected worldwide and amounted to 62.11±18.5%. Parents think that basic advantages and reasons for application of baby walkers are as follows: they make a child to develop faster; they keep a baby busy and help to keep it safe; they entertain a baby; it is a tradition. The detected level of injuries caused by baby walkers was relatively low (15.4%). There were no injuries that require medical aid. Our research didn't reveal any statistically authentic influence exerted by baby walkers on formation of acquired static deformations in infancy. There is also no statistically authentic discrepancy between children from "baby walkers" group and "without baby walkers" group in the examined sampling when they reach the following stages in their development: "standing with a support" and "moving with a support". But on average, children who grew with baby walkers started to walk on their own with a 13-day delay. We detected a statistically authentic strong correlation (p<0.01) between application of baby walkers and risk of tiptoe walking (RR=3.56; CI 2.56–4.99 for 95% provision). A longer period of tiptoe walking in "baby walkers" group confirms that baby walkers exert long-term negative influence on walking pattern structure. We detected the following additional (attributable) population risk (PAR): absence of walking on one's own, PAR=4.45%–5.3%; tiptoe walking, PAR=19.6%–23.4%. Application of baby walkers in families from the examined population decreased from 52.03% to 43.66% and it means that active informative campaigns aimed at explaining baby walkers dangers to parents and guardians were quite efficient. It is advisable to perform further research on the matter.
abstract_unstemmed	As per various research data, from 42% to 90% families all over the world use baby walkers. There are some data implying that baby walkers prevent motor skills from their natural development and are to a certain extent dangerous for infants' health. Prevalence of damages associated with baby walkers varies from 7% to 50% according to different estimations. Our research goals were to determine reasons for application of baby walkers in Russia and their prevalence in Russian families; to assess levels and structure of children injuries caused by baby walkers and their influence on motor development and on walking pattern formation. We performed three cohort pieces of research with pseudo-retrospective design. The overall sampling included 749 children; "baby-walker" groups consisted of 363 infants. We also performed an anamnestic questioning of parents with specially designed anonymous questionnaires. The research was accomplished on typical Russian territories (Rzhev and Rzhev district in Tver' region, population amounts to approximately 60.3 thousand people). We detected that frequency with which baby walkers were applied among children on the examined territories was similar to average frequency detected worldwide and amounted to 62.11±18.5%. Parents think that basic advantages and reasons for application of baby walkers are as follows: they make a child to develop faster; they keep a baby busy and help to keep it safe; they entertain a baby; it is a tradition. The detected level of injuries caused by baby walkers was relatively low (15.4%). There were no injuries that require medical aid. Our research didn't reveal any statistically authentic influence exerted by baby walkers on formation of acquired static deformations in infancy. There is also no statistically authentic discrepancy between children from "baby walkers" group and "without baby walkers" group in the examined sampling when they reach the following stages in their development: "standing with a support" and "moving with a support". But on average, children who grew with baby walkers started to walk on their own with a 13-day delay. We detected a statistically authentic strong correlation (p<0.01) between application of baby walkers and risk of tiptoe walking (RR=3.56; CI 2.56–4.99 for 95% provision). A longer period of tiptoe walking in "baby walkers" group confirms that baby walkers exert long-term negative influence on walking pattern structure. We detected the following additional (attributable) population risk (PAR): absence of walking on one's own, PAR=4.45%–5.3%; tiptoe walking, PAR=19.6%–23.4%. Application of baby walkers in families from the examined population decreased from 52.03% to 43.66% and it means that active informative campaigns aimed at explaining baby walkers dangers to parents and guardians were quite efficient. It is advisable to perform further research on the matter.
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title_short	Application of baby walkers in Russia: Epidemiological aspects
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