An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts

<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. The pure compound 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid from <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< was found to have the strongest antiviral activity (IC50 46 μM), followed by luteolin and vitexin from <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (IC50 respectively 116 μM and 129 μM) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside from <it<Melissa officinalis</it< (IC50 150 μM). A combination of <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. and <it<Urtica dioica L.</it< + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. showed synergy in their anti-viral activities. <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren showed no positive effect on the maintenance of the TER.</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<These results indicate that nutritional intervention with extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn., <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L., <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. might be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection.</p< Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Knipping Karen [verfasserIn] Garssen Johan [verfasserIn] van’t Land Belinda [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2012

Schlagwörter:	Rotavirus Antiviral activity Transepithelial resistance Plant extracts

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Virology Journal - BMC, 2004, 9(2012), 1, p 137
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:2012 ; number:1, p 137

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1743-422X-9-137

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ07698351X

Internformat


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520			\|a <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. The pure compound 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid from <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< was found to have the strongest antiviral activity (IC50 46 μM), followed by luteolin and vitexin from <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (IC50 respectively 116 μM and 129 μM) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside from <it<Melissa officinalis</it< (IC50 150 μM). A combination of <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. and <it<Urtica dioica L.</it< + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. showed synergy in their anti-viral activities. <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren showed no positive effect on the maintenance of the TER.</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<These results indicate that nutritional intervention with extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn., <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L., <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. might be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection.</p<
650		4	\|a Rotavirus
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700	0		\|a van’t Land Belinda \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_20
912			\|a GBV_ILN_22
912			\|a GBV_ILN_23
912			\|a GBV_ILN_24
912			\|a GBV_ILN_31
912			\|a GBV_ILN_39
912			\|a GBV_ILN_40
912			\|a GBV_ILN_60
912			\|a GBV_ILN_62
912			\|a GBV_ILN_63
912			\|a GBV_ILN_65
912			\|a GBV_ILN_69
912			\|a GBV_ILN_73
912			\|a GBV_ILN_74
912			\|a GBV_ILN_95
912			\|a GBV_ILN_105
912			\|a GBV_ILN_110
912			\|a GBV_ILN_151
912			\|a GBV_ILN_161
912			\|a GBV_ILN_170
912			\|a GBV_ILN_206
912			\|a GBV_ILN_213
912			\|a GBV_ILN_230
912			\|a GBV_ILN_285
912			\|a GBV_ILN_293
912			\|a GBV_ILN_602
912			\|a GBV_ILN_702
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2001
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2003
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2005
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2006
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2008
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2009
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2010
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2011
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2014
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2015
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2020
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2021
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2025
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2031
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2038
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2044
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2048
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2050
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2055
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2056
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2057
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2061
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2111
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2113
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2190
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4012
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4037
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4112
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4125
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4126
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4249
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4305
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4306
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4307
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4313
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4322
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4323
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4324
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4325
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4338
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4367
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4700
951			\|a AR
952			\|d 9 \|j 2012 \|e 1, p 137

Indexfelder

author_variant	k k kk g j gj v l b vlb
matchkey_str	article:1743422X:2012----::nvlainfhihbtrefcsgisrtvrsnetoo
hierarchy_sort_str	2012
callnumber-subject-code	RC
publishDate	2012
allfields	10.1186/1743-422X-9-137 doi (DE-627)DOAJ07698351X (DE-599)DOAJ6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC109-216 Knipping Karen verfasserin aut An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. The pure compound 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid from <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< was found to have the strongest antiviral activity (IC50 46 μM), followed by luteolin and vitexin from <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (IC50 respectively 116 μM and 129 μM) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside from <it<Melissa officinalis</it< (IC50 150 μM). A combination of <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. and <it<Urtica dioica L.</it< + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. showed synergy in their anti-viral activities. <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren showed no positive effect on the maintenance of the TER.</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<These results indicate that nutritional intervention with extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn., <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L., <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. might be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection.</p< Rotavirus Antiviral activity Transepithelial resistance Plant extracts Infectious and parasitic diseases Garssen Johan verfasserin aut van’t Land Belinda verfasserin aut In Virology Journal BMC, 2004 9(2012), 1, p 137 (DE-627)394165004 (DE-600)2160640-7 1743422X nnns volume:9 year:2012 number:1, p 137 https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-137 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5 kostenfrei http://www.virologyj.com/content/9/1/137 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1743-422X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2012 1, p 137
spelling	10.1186/1743-422X-9-137 doi (DE-627)DOAJ07698351X (DE-599)DOAJ6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC109-216 Knipping Karen verfasserin aut An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. The pure compound 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid from <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< was found to have the strongest antiviral activity (IC50 46 μM), followed by luteolin and vitexin from <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (IC50 respectively 116 μM and 129 μM) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside from <it<Melissa officinalis</it< (IC50 150 μM). A combination of <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. and <it<Urtica dioica L.</it< + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. showed synergy in their anti-viral activities. <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren showed no positive effect on the maintenance of the TER.</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<These results indicate that nutritional intervention with extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn., <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L., <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. might be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection.</p< Rotavirus Antiviral activity Transepithelial resistance Plant extracts Infectious and parasitic diseases Garssen Johan verfasserin aut van’t Land Belinda verfasserin aut In Virology Journal BMC, 2004 9(2012), 1, p 137 (DE-627)394165004 (DE-600)2160640-7 1743422X nnns volume:9 year:2012 number:1, p 137 https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-137 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5 kostenfrei http://www.virologyj.com/content/9/1/137 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1743-422X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2012 1, p 137
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1743-422X-9-137 doi (DE-627)DOAJ07698351X (DE-599)DOAJ6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC109-216 Knipping Karen verfasserin aut An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. The pure compound 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid from <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< was found to have the strongest antiviral activity (IC50 46 μM), followed by luteolin and vitexin from <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (IC50 respectively 116 μM and 129 μM) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside from <it<Melissa officinalis</it< (IC50 150 μM). A combination of <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. and <it<Urtica dioica L.</it< + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. showed synergy in their anti-viral activities. <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren showed no positive effect on the maintenance of the TER.</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<These results indicate that nutritional intervention with extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn., <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L., <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. might be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection.</p< Rotavirus Antiviral activity Transepithelial resistance Plant extracts Infectious and parasitic diseases Garssen Johan verfasserin aut van’t Land Belinda verfasserin aut In Virology Journal BMC, 2004 9(2012), 1, p 137 (DE-627)394165004 (DE-600)2160640-7 1743422X nnns volume:9 year:2012 number:1, p 137 https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-137 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5 kostenfrei http://www.virologyj.com/content/9/1/137 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1743-422X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2012 1, p 137
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1743-422X-9-137 doi (DE-627)DOAJ07698351X (DE-599)DOAJ6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC109-216 Knipping Karen verfasserin aut An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. The pure compound 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid from <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< was found to have the strongest antiviral activity (IC50 46 μM), followed by luteolin and vitexin from <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (IC50 respectively 116 μM and 129 μM) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside from <it<Melissa officinalis</it< (IC50 150 μM). A combination of <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. and <it<Urtica dioica L.</it< + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. showed synergy in their anti-viral activities. <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren showed no positive effect on the maintenance of the TER.</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<These results indicate that nutritional intervention with extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn., <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L., <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. might be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection.</p< Rotavirus Antiviral activity Transepithelial resistance Plant extracts Infectious and parasitic diseases Garssen Johan verfasserin aut van’t Land Belinda verfasserin aut In Virology Journal BMC, 2004 9(2012), 1, p 137 (DE-627)394165004 (DE-600)2160640-7 1743422X nnns volume:9 year:2012 number:1, p 137 https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-137 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5 kostenfrei http://www.virologyj.com/content/9/1/137 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1743-422X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2012 1, p 137
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1743-422X-9-137 doi (DE-627)DOAJ07698351X (DE-599)DOAJ6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC109-216 Knipping Karen verfasserin aut An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. The pure compound 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid from <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< was found to have the strongest antiviral activity (IC50 46 μM), followed by luteolin and vitexin from <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (IC50 respectively 116 μM and 129 μM) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside from <it<Melissa officinalis</it< (IC50 150 μM). A combination of <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. and <it<Urtica dioica L.</it< + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. showed synergy in their anti-viral activities. <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren showed no positive effect on the maintenance of the TER.</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<These results indicate that nutritional intervention with extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn., <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L., <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. might be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection.</p< Rotavirus Antiviral activity Transepithelial resistance Plant extracts Infectious and parasitic diseases Garssen Johan verfasserin aut van’t Land Belinda verfasserin aut In Virology Journal BMC, 2004 9(2012), 1, p 137 (DE-627)394165004 (DE-600)2160640-7 1743422X nnns volume:9 year:2012 number:1, p 137 https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-137 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5 kostenfrei http://www.virologyj.com/content/9/1/137 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1743-422X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2012 1, p 137
language	English
source	In Virology Journal 9(2012), 1, p 137 volume:9 year:2012 number:1, p 137
sourceStr	In Virology Journal 9(2012), 1, p 137 volume:9 year:2012 number:1, p 137
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Rotavirus Antiviral activity Transepithelial resistance Plant extracts Infectious and parasitic diseases
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Virology Journal
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Knipping Karen @@aut@@ Garssen Johan @@aut@@ van’t Land Belinda @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	394165004
id	DOAJ07698351X
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ07698351X</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230309145909.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230228s2012 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1186/1743-422X-9-137</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ07698351X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJ6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">RC109-216</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Knipping Karen</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a"><p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. 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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Knipping Karen
spellingShingle	Knipping Karen misc RC109-216 misc Rotavirus misc Antiviral activity misc Transepithelial resistance misc Plant extracts misc Infectious and parasitic diseases An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts
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topic_title	RC109-216 An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts Rotavirus Antiviral activity Transepithelial resistance Plant extracts
topic	misc RC109-216 misc Rotavirus misc Antiviral activity misc Transepithelial resistance misc Plant extracts misc Infectious and parasitic diseases
topic_unstemmed	misc RC109-216 misc Rotavirus misc Antiviral activity misc Transepithelial resistance misc Plant extracts misc Infectious and parasitic diseases
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title	An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts
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title_full	An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts
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author_browse	Knipping Karen Garssen Johan van’t Land Belinda
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title_sort	evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts
callnumber	RC109-216
title_auth	An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts
abstract	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. The pure compound 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid from <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< was found to have the strongest antiviral activity (IC50 46 μM), followed by luteolin and vitexin from <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (IC50 respectively 116 μM and 129 μM) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside from <it<Melissa officinalis</it< (IC50 150 μM). A combination of <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. and <it<Urtica dioica L.</it< + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. showed synergy in their anti-viral activities. <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren showed no positive effect on the maintenance of the TER.</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<These results indicate that nutritional intervention with extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn., <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L., <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. might be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection.</p<
abstractGer	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. The pure compound 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid from <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< was found to have the strongest antiviral activity (IC50 46 μM), followed by luteolin and vitexin from <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (IC50 respectively 116 μM and 129 μM) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside from <it<Melissa officinalis</it< (IC50 150 μM). A combination of <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. and <it<Urtica dioica L.</it< + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. showed synergy in their anti-viral activities. <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren showed no positive effect on the maintenance of the TER.</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<These results indicate that nutritional intervention with extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn., <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L., <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. might be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection.</p<
abstract_unstemmed	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. The pure compound 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid from <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< was found to have the strongest antiviral activity (IC50 46 μM), followed by luteolin and vitexin from <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (IC50 respectively 116 μM and 129 μM) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside from <it<Melissa officinalis</it< (IC50 150 μM). A combination of <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. and <it<Urtica dioica L.</it< + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. showed synergy in their anti-viral activities. <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren showed no positive effect on the maintenance of the TER.</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<These results indicate that nutritional intervention with extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn., <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L., <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. might be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection.</p<
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container_issue	1, p 137
title_short	An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts
url	https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-137 https://doaj.org/article/6a347d3b878e407a9b59b7da1ef1a0f5 http://www.virologyj.com/content/9/1/137 https://doaj.org/toc/1743-422X
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The developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease.</p< <p<Methods</p< <p<150 plant extracts with nutritional applications were screened <it<in vitro</it< on MA-104 cells for their antiviral activity against rhesus rotavirus (RRV). One extract (<it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) was also tested for its effect on the loss of transepithelial resistance (TER) of Caco-2 cells caused by simian rotavirus (SA-11) infection.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<Aqueous extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. fruit, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L. root, <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren leaves, <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. root and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. leaves were found to have strong significant antiviral activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) < 300 μg/ml. The pure compound 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid from <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< was found to have the strongest antiviral activity (IC50 46 μM), followed by luteolin and vitexin from <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (IC50 respectively 116 μM and 129 μM) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside from <it<Melissa officinalis</it< (IC50 150 μM). A combination of <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. and <it<Urtica dioica L.</it< + <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn. showed synergy in their anti-viral activities. <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren showed no positive effect on the maintenance of the TER.</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<These results indicate that nutritional intervention with extracts of <it<Nelumbo nucifera</it< Gaertn., <it<Aspalathus linearis</it< (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren, <it<Urtica dioica</it< L., <it<Glycyrrhiza glabra</it< L. and <it<Olea europaea</it< L. might be useful in the treatment of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection.</p<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Rotavirus</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Antiviral activity</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Transepithelial resistance</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Plant extracts</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Infectious and parasitic diseases</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Garssen Johan</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">van’t Land Belinda</subfield><subfield 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An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts

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