The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment

The vast majority of states have enacted full or partial medical marijuana (MMJ) programs, causing the number of patients seeking certification for MMJ use to increase dramatically in recent years. Despite increased use of MMJ across the nation, no studies thus far have examined the specific impact of MMJ on cognitive function and related brain activation. In the present study, MMJ patients seeking treatment for a variety of documented medical conditions were assessed prior to initiating MMJ treatment and after 3 months of treatment as part of a larger longitudinal study. In order to examine the effect of MMJ treatment on task-related brain activation, MMJ patients completed the Multi-Source Interference Test (MSIT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also collected data regarding conventional medication use, clinical state, and health-related measures at each visit. Following 3 months of treatment, MMJ patients demonstrated improved task performance accompanied by changes in brain activation patterns within the cingulate cortex and frontal regions. Interestingly, after MMJ treatment, brain activation patterns appeared more similar to those exhibited by healthy controls from previous studies than at pre-treatment, suggestive of a potential normalization of brain function relative to baseline. These findings suggest that MMJ use may result in different effects relative to recreational marijuana (MJ) use, as recreational consumers have been shown to exhibit decrements in task performance accompanied by altered brain activation. Moreover, patients in the current study also reported improvements in clinical state and health-related measures as well as notable decreases in prescription medication use, particularly opioids and benzodiapezines after 3 months of treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the specific neurobiologic impact, clinical efficacy, and unique effects of MMJ for a range of indications and how it compares to recreational MJ use. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Staci A. Gruber [verfasserIn] Kelly A. Sagar [verfasserIn] Mary K. Dahlgren [verfasserIn] Atilla Gonenc [verfasserIn] Rosemary T. Smith [verfasserIn] Ashley M. Lambros [verfasserIn] Korine B. Cabrera [verfasserIn] Scott E. Lukas [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	medical marijuana cannabis neuroimaging fMRI cognition executive function

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Pharmacology - Frontiers Media S.A., 2010, 8(2018)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:8 ; year:2018

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3389/fphar.2017.00983

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ077080769

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allfields	10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 doi (DE-627)DOAJ077080769 (DE-599)DOAJabac368504264c6591ea134fbd44965b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RM1-950 Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The vast majority of states have enacted full or partial medical marijuana (MMJ) programs, causing the number of patients seeking certification for MMJ use to increase dramatically in recent years. Despite increased use of MMJ across the nation, no studies thus far have examined the specific impact of MMJ on cognitive function and related brain activation. In the present study, MMJ patients seeking treatment for a variety of documented medical conditions were assessed prior to initiating MMJ treatment and after 3 months of treatment as part of a larger longitudinal study. In order to examine the effect of MMJ treatment on task-related brain activation, MMJ patients completed the Multi-Source Interference Test (MSIT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also collected data regarding conventional medication use, clinical state, and health-related measures at each visit. Following 3 months of treatment, MMJ patients demonstrated improved task performance accompanied by changes in brain activation patterns within the cingulate cortex and frontal regions. Interestingly, after MMJ treatment, brain activation patterns appeared more similar to those exhibited by healthy controls from previous studies than at pre-treatment, suggestive of a potential normalization of brain function relative to baseline. These findings suggest that MMJ use may result in different effects relative to recreational marijuana (MJ) use, as recreational consumers have been shown to exhibit decrements in task performance accompanied by altered brain activation. Moreover, patients in the current study also reported improvements in clinical state and health-related measures as well as notable decreases in prescription medication use, particularly opioids and benzodiapezines after 3 months of treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the specific neurobiologic impact, clinical efficacy, and unique effects of MMJ for a range of indications and how it compares to recreational MJ use. medical marijuana cannabis neuroimaging fMRI cognition executive function Therapeutics. Pharmacology Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Rosemary T. Smith verfasserin aut Rosemary T. Smith verfasserin aut Ashley M. Lambros verfasserin aut Ashley M. Lambros verfasserin aut Korine B. Cabrera verfasserin aut Korine B. Cabrera verfasserin aut Scott E. Lukas verfasserin aut Scott E. Lukas verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Pharmacology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 8(2018) (DE-627)642889392 (DE-600)2587355-6 16639812 nnns volume:8 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/abac368504264c6591ea134fbd44965b kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2018
spelling	10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 doi (DE-627)DOAJ077080769 (DE-599)DOAJabac368504264c6591ea134fbd44965b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RM1-950 Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The vast majority of states have enacted full or partial medical marijuana (MMJ) programs, causing the number of patients seeking certification for MMJ use to increase dramatically in recent years. Despite increased use of MMJ across the nation, no studies thus far have examined the specific impact of MMJ on cognitive function and related brain activation. In the present study, MMJ patients seeking treatment for a variety of documented medical conditions were assessed prior to initiating MMJ treatment and after 3 months of treatment as part of a larger longitudinal study. In order to examine the effect of MMJ treatment on task-related brain activation, MMJ patients completed the Multi-Source Interference Test (MSIT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also collected data regarding conventional medication use, clinical state, and health-related measures at each visit. Following 3 months of treatment, MMJ patients demonstrated improved task performance accompanied by changes in brain activation patterns within the cingulate cortex and frontal regions. Interestingly, after MMJ treatment, brain activation patterns appeared more similar to those exhibited by healthy controls from previous studies than at pre-treatment, suggestive of a potential normalization of brain function relative to baseline. These findings suggest that MMJ use may result in different effects relative to recreational marijuana (MJ) use, as recreational consumers have been shown to exhibit decrements in task performance accompanied by altered brain activation. Moreover, patients in the current study also reported improvements in clinical state and health-related measures as well as notable decreases in prescription medication use, particularly opioids and benzodiapezines after 3 months of treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the specific neurobiologic impact, clinical efficacy, and unique effects of MMJ for a range of indications and how it compares to recreational MJ use. medical marijuana cannabis neuroimaging fMRI cognition executive function Therapeutics. Pharmacology Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Rosemary T. Smith verfasserin aut Rosemary T. Smith verfasserin aut Ashley M. Lambros verfasserin aut Ashley M. Lambros verfasserin aut Korine B. Cabrera verfasserin aut Korine B. Cabrera verfasserin aut Scott E. Lukas verfasserin aut Scott E. Lukas verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Pharmacology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 8(2018) (DE-627)642889392 (DE-600)2587355-6 16639812 nnns volume:8 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/abac368504264c6591ea134fbd44965b kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2018
allfields_unstemmed	10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 doi (DE-627)DOAJ077080769 (DE-599)DOAJabac368504264c6591ea134fbd44965b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RM1-950 Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The vast majority of states have enacted full or partial medical marijuana (MMJ) programs, causing the number of patients seeking certification for MMJ use to increase dramatically in recent years. Despite increased use of MMJ across the nation, no studies thus far have examined the specific impact of MMJ on cognitive function and related brain activation. In the present study, MMJ patients seeking treatment for a variety of documented medical conditions were assessed prior to initiating MMJ treatment and after 3 months of treatment as part of a larger longitudinal study. In order to examine the effect of MMJ treatment on task-related brain activation, MMJ patients completed the Multi-Source Interference Test (MSIT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also collected data regarding conventional medication use, clinical state, and health-related measures at each visit. Following 3 months of treatment, MMJ patients demonstrated improved task performance accompanied by changes in brain activation patterns within the cingulate cortex and frontal regions. Interestingly, after MMJ treatment, brain activation patterns appeared more similar to those exhibited by healthy controls from previous studies than at pre-treatment, suggestive of a potential normalization of brain function relative to baseline. These findings suggest that MMJ use may result in different effects relative to recreational marijuana (MJ) use, as recreational consumers have been shown to exhibit decrements in task performance accompanied by altered brain activation. Moreover, patients in the current study also reported improvements in clinical state and health-related measures as well as notable decreases in prescription medication use, particularly opioids and benzodiapezines after 3 months of treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the specific neurobiologic impact, clinical efficacy, and unique effects of MMJ for a range of indications and how it compares to recreational MJ use. medical marijuana cannabis neuroimaging fMRI cognition executive function Therapeutics. Pharmacology Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Rosemary T. Smith verfasserin aut Rosemary T. Smith verfasserin aut Ashley M. Lambros verfasserin aut Ashley M. Lambros verfasserin aut Korine B. Cabrera verfasserin aut Korine B. Cabrera verfasserin aut Scott E. Lukas verfasserin aut Scott E. Lukas verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Pharmacology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 8(2018) (DE-627)642889392 (DE-600)2587355-6 16639812 nnns volume:8 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/abac368504264c6591ea134fbd44965b kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2018
allfieldsGer	10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 doi (DE-627)DOAJ077080769 (DE-599)DOAJabac368504264c6591ea134fbd44965b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RM1-950 Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The vast majority of states have enacted full or partial medical marijuana (MMJ) programs, causing the number of patients seeking certification for MMJ use to increase dramatically in recent years. Despite increased use of MMJ across the nation, no studies thus far have examined the specific impact of MMJ on cognitive function and related brain activation. In the present study, MMJ patients seeking treatment for a variety of documented medical conditions were assessed prior to initiating MMJ treatment and after 3 months of treatment as part of a larger longitudinal study. In order to examine the effect of MMJ treatment on task-related brain activation, MMJ patients completed the Multi-Source Interference Test (MSIT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also collected data regarding conventional medication use, clinical state, and health-related measures at each visit. Following 3 months of treatment, MMJ patients demonstrated improved task performance accompanied by changes in brain activation patterns within the cingulate cortex and frontal regions. Interestingly, after MMJ treatment, brain activation patterns appeared more similar to those exhibited by healthy controls from previous studies than at pre-treatment, suggestive of a potential normalization of brain function relative to baseline. These findings suggest that MMJ use may result in different effects relative to recreational marijuana (MJ) use, as recreational consumers have been shown to exhibit decrements in task performance accompanied by altered brain activation. Moreover, patients in the current study also reported improvements in clinical state and health-related measures as well as notable decreases in prescription medication use, particularly opioids and benzodiapezines after 3 months of treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the specific neurobiologic impact, clinical efficacy, and unique effects of MMJ for a range of indications and how it compares to recreational MJ use. medical marijuana cannabis neuroimaging fMRI cognition executive function Therapeutics. Pharmacology Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Rosemary T. Smith verfasserin aut Rosemary T. Smith verfasserin aut Ashley M. Lambros verfasserin aut Ashley M. Lambros verfasserin aut Korine B. Cabrera verfasserin aut Korine B. Cabrera verfasserin aut Scott E. Lukas verfasserin aut Scott E. Lukas verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Pharmacology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 8(2018) (DE-627)642889392 (DE-600)2587355-6 16639812 nnns volume:8 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/abac368504264c6591ea134fbd44965b kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2018
allfieldsSound	10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 doi (DE-627)DOAJ077080769 (DE-599)DOAJabac368504264c6591ea134fbd44965b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RM1-950 Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The vast majority of states have enacted full or partial medical marijuana (MMJ) programs, causing the number of patients seeking certification for MMJ use to increase dramatically in recent years. Despite increased use of MMJ across the nation, no studies thus far have examined the specific impact of MMJ on cognitive function and related brain activation. In the present study, MMJ patients seeking treatment for a variety of documented medical conditions were assessed prior to initiating MMJ treatment and after 3 months of treatment as part of a larger longitudinal study. In order to examine the effect of MMJ treatment on task-related brain activation, MMJ patients completed the Multi-Source Interference Test (MSIT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also collected data regarding conventional medication use, clinical state, and health-related measures at each visit. Following 3 months of treatment, MMJ patients demonstrated improved task performance accompanied by changes in brain activation patterns within the cingulate cortex and frontal regions. Interestingly, after MMJ treatment, brain activation patterns appeared more similar to those exhibited by healthy controls from previous studies than at pre-treatment, suggestive of a potential normalization of brain function relative to baseline. These findings suggest that MMJ use may result in different effects relative to recreational marijuana (MJ) use, as recreational consumers have been shown to exhibit decrements in task performance accompanied by altered brain activation. Moreover, patients in the current study also reported improvements in clinical state and health-related measures as well as notable decreases in prescription medication use, particularly opioids and benzodiapezines after 3 months of treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the specific neurobiologic impact, clinical efficacy, and unique effects of MMJ for a range of indications and how it compares to recreational MJ use. medical marijuana cannabis neuroimaging fMRI cognition executive function Therapeutics. Pharmacology Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut Staci A. Gruber verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Kelly A. Sagar verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Mary K. Dahlgren verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Atilla Gonenc verfasserin aut Rosemary T. Smith verfasserin aut Rosemary T. Smith verfasserin aut Ashley M. Lambros verfasserin aut Ashley M. Lambros verfasserin aut Korine B. Cabrera verfasserin aut Korine B. Cabrera verfasserin aut Scott E. Lukas verfasserin aut Scott E. Lukas verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Pharmacology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 8(2018) (DE-627)642889392 (DE-600)2587355-6 16639812 nnns volume:8 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/abac368504264c6591ea134fbd44965b kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 8 2018
language	English
source	In Frontiers in Pharmacology 8(2018) volume:8 year:2018
sourceStr	In Frontiers in Pharmacology 8(2018) volume:8 year:2018
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	medical marijuana cannabis neuroimaging fMRI cognition executive function Therapeutics. Pharmacology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Frontiers in Pharmacology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Staci A. Gruber @@aut@@ Kelly A. Sagar @@aut@@ Mary K. Dahlgren @@aut@@ Atilla Gonenc @@aut@@ Rosemary T. Smith @@aut@@ Ashley M. Lambros @@aut@@ Korine B. Cabrera @@aut@@ Scott E. Lukas @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	642889392
id	DOAJ077080769
language_de	englisch
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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Staci A. Gruber
spellingShingle	Staci A. Gruber misc RM1-950 misc medical marijuana misc cannabis misc neuroimaging misc fMRI misc cognition misc executive function misc Therapeutics. Pharmacology The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment
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topic_title	RM1-950 The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment medical marijuana cannabis neuroimaging fMRI cognition executive function
topic	misc RM1-950 misc medical marijuana misc cannabis misc neuroimaging misc fMRI misc cognition misc executive function misc Therapeutics. Pharmacology
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title	The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment
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title_full	The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment
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author_browse	Staci A. Gruber Kelly A. Sagar Mary K. Dahlgren Atilla Gonenc Rosemary T. Smith Ashley M. Lambros Korine B. Cabrera Scott E. Lukas
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title_sort	grass might be greener: medical marijuana patients exhibit altered brain activity and improved executive function after 3 months of treatment
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title_auth	The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment
abstract	The vast majority of states have enacted full or partial medical marijuana (MMJ) programs, causing the number of patients seeking certification for MMJ use to increase dramatically in recent years. Despite increased use of MMJ across the nation, no studies thus far have examined the specific impact of MMJ on cognitive function and related brain activation. In the present study, MMJ patients seeking treatment for a variety of documented medical conditions were assessed prior to initiating MMJ treatment and after 3 months of treatment as part of a larger longitudinal study. In order to examine the effect of MMJ treatment on task-related brain activation, MMJ patients completed the Multi-Source Interference Test (MSIT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also collected data regarding conventional medication use, clinical state, and health-related measures at each visit. Following 3 months of treatment, MMJ patients demonstrated improved task performance accompanied by changes in brain activation patterns within the cingulate cortex and frontal regions. Interestingly, after MMJ treatment, brain activation patterns appeared more similar to those exhibited by healthy controls from previous studies than at pre-treatment, suggestive of a potential normalization of brain function relative to baseline. These findings suggest that MMJ use may result in different effects relative to recreational marijuana (MJ) use, as recreational consumers have been shown to exhibit decrements in task performance accompanied by altered brain activation. Moreover, patients in the current study also reported improvements in clinical state and health-related measures as well as notable decreases in prescription medication use, particularly opioids and benzodiapezines after 3 months of treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the specific neurobiologic impact, clinical efficacy, and unique effects of MMJ for a range of indications and how it compares to recreational MJ use.
abstractGer	The vast majority of states have enacted full or partial medical marijuana (MMJ) programs, causing the number of patients seeking certification for MMJ use to increase dramatically in recent years. Despite increased use of MMJ across the nation, no studies thus far have examined the specific impact of MMJ on cognitive function and related brain activation. In the present study, MMJ patients seeking treatment for a variety of documented medical conditions were assessed prior to initiating MMJ treatment and after 3 months of treatment as part of a larger longitudinal study. In order to examine the effect of MMJ treatment on task-related brain activation, MMJ patients completed the Multi-Source Interference Test (MSIT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also collected data regarding conventional medication use, clinical state, and health-related measures at each visit. Following 3 months of treatment, MMJ patients demonstrated improved task performance accompanied by changes in brain activation patterns within the cingulate cortex and frontal regions. Interestingly, after MMJ treatment, brain activation patterns appeared more similar to those exhibited by healthy controls from previous studies than at pre-treatment, suggestive of a potential normalization of brain function relative to baseline. These findings suggest that MMJ use may result in different effects relative to recreational marijuana (MJ) use, as recreational consumers have been shown to exhibit decrements in task performance accompanied by altered brain activation. Moreover, patients in the current study also reported improvements in clinical state and health-related measures as well as notable decreases in prescription medication use, particularly opioids and benzodiapezines after 3 months of treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the specific neurobiologic impact, clinical efficacy, and unique effects of MMJ for a range of indications and how it compares to recreational MJ use.
abstract_unstemmed	The vast majority of states have enacted full or partial medical marijuana (MMJ) programs, causing the number of patients seeking certification for MMJ use to increase dramatically in recent years. Despite increased use of MMJ across the nation, no studies thus far have examined the specific impact of MMJ on cognitive function and related brain activation. In the present study, MMJ patients seeking treatment for a variety of documented medical conditions were assessed prior to initiating MMJ treatment and after 3 months of treatment as part of a larger longitudinal study. In order to examine the effect of MMJ treatment on task-related brain activation, MMJ patients completed the Multi-Source Interference Test (MSIT) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also collected data regarding conventional medication use, clinical state, and health-related measures at each visit. Following 3 months of treatment, MMJ patients demonstrated improved task performance accompanied by changes in brain activation patterns within the cingulate cortex and frontal regions. Interestingly, after MMJ treatment, brain activation patterns appeared more similar to those exhibited by healthy controls from previous studies than at pre-treatment, suggestive of a potential normalization of brain function relative to baseline. These findings suggest that MMJ use may result in different effects relative to recreational marijuana (MJ) use, as recreational consumers have been shown to exhibit decrements in task performance accompanied by altered brain activation. Moreover, patients in the current study also reported improvements in clinical state and health-related measures as well as notable decreases in prescription medication use, particularly opioids and benzodiapezines after 3 months of treatment. Further research is needed to clarify the specific neurobiologic impact, clinical efficacy, and unique effects of MMJ for a range of indications and how it compares to recreational MJ use.
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title_short	The Grass Might Be Greener: Medical Marijuana Patients Exhibit Altered Brain Activity and Improved Executive Function after 3 Months of Treatment
url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983 https://doaj.org/article/abac368504264c6591ea134fbd44965b http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00983/full https://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812
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