Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer.

<h4<Background</h4<Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer.<h4<Mat...
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Autor*in:	Kathrin Bausch [verfasserIn] Elisa Roth [verfasserIn] Stefan Heinz [verfasserIn] David Horst [verfasserIn] Susanne Mathia [verfasserIn] Tatjana Vlajnic [verfasserIn] Lukas Bubendorf [verfasserIn] Timm Westhoff [verfasserIn] Christian Wetterauer [verfasserIn] Hans Helge Seifert [verfasserIn] Jan Ebbing [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: PLoS ONE - Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007, 14(2019), 3, p e0213549
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2019 ; number:3, p e0213549

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1371/journal.pone.0213549

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ077093666

Internformat


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520			\|a <h4<Background</h4<Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer.<h4<Materials and methods</h4<We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was < 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria.<h4<Results</h4<The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia.<h4<Conclusions</h4<Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation.
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Indexfelder

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allfields	10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 doi (DE-627)DOAJ077093666 (DE-599)DOAJ5cfc097325bf42b3870f2d2682af001b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kathrin Bausch verfasserin aut Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer. 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <h4<Background</h4<Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer.<h4<Materials and methods</h4<We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was < 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria.<h4<Results</h4<The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia.<h4<Conclusions</h4<Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation. Medicine R Science Q Elisa Roth verfasserin aut Stefan Heinz verfasserin aut David Horst verfasserin aut Susanne Mathia verfasserin aut Tatjana Vlajnic verfasserin aut Lukas Bubendorf verfasserin aut Timm Westhoff verfasserin aut Christian Wetterauer verfasserin aut Hans Helge Seifert verfasserin aut Jan Ebbing verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 14(2019), 3, p e0213549 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:14 year:2019 number:3, p e0213549 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5cfc097325bf42b3870f2d2682af001b kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2019 3, p e0213549
spelling	10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 doi (DE-627)DOAJ077093666 (DE-599)DOAJ5cfc097325bf42b3870f2d2682af001b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kathrin Bausch verfasserin aut Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer. 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <h4<Background</h4<Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer.<h4<Materials and methods</h4<We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was < 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria.<h4<Results</h4<The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia.<h4<Conclusions</h4<Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation. Medicine R Science Q Elisa Roth verfasserin aut Stefan Heinz verfasserin aut David Horst verfasserin aut Susanne Mathia verfasserin aut Tatjana Vlajnic verfasserin aut Lukas Bubendorf verfasserin aut Timm Westhoff verfasserin aut Christian Wetterauer verfasserin aut Hans Helge Seifert verfasserin aut Jan Ebbing verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 14(2019), 3, p e0213549 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:14 year:2019 number:3, p e0213549 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5cfc097325bf42b3870f2d2682af001b kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2019 3, p e0213549
allfields_unstemmed	10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 doi (DE-627)DOAJ077093666 (DE-599)DOAJ5cfc097325bf42b3870f2d2682af001b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kathrin Bausch verfasserin aut Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer. 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <h4<Background</h4<Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer.<h4<Materials and methods</h4<We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was < 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria.<h4<Results</h4<The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia.<h4<Conclusions</h4<Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation. Medicine R Science Q Elisa Roth verfasserin aut Stefan Heinz verfasserin aut David Horst verfasserin aut Susanne Mathia verfasserin aut Tatjana Vlajnic verfasserin aut Lukas Bubendorf verfasserin aut Timm Westhoff verfasserin aut Christian Wetterauer verfasserin aut Hans Helge Seifert verfasserin aut Jan Ebbing verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 14(2019), 3, p e0213549 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:14 year:2019 number:3, p e0213549 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5cfc097325bf42b3870f2d2682af001b kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2019 3, p e0213549
allfieldsGer	10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 doi (DE-627)DOAJ077093666 (DE-599)DOAJ5cfc097325bf42b3870f2d2682af001b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kathrin Bausch verfasserin aut Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer. 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <h4<Background</h4<Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer.<h4<Materials and methods</h4<We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was < 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria.<h4<Results</h4<The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia.<h4<Conclusions</h4<Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation. Medicine R Science Q Elisa Roth verfasserin aut Stefan Heinz verfasserin aut David Horst verfasserin aut Susanne Mathia verfasserin aut Tatjana Vlajnic verfasserin aut Lukas Bubendorf verfasserin aut Timm Westhoff verfasserin aut Christian Wetterauer verfasserin aut Hans Helge Seifert verfasserin aut Jan Ebbing verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 14(2019), 3, p e0213549 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:14 year:2019 number:3, p e0213549 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5cfc097325bf42b3870f2d2682af001b kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2019 3, p e0213549
allfieldsSound	10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 doi (DE-627)DOAJ077093666 (DE-599)DOAJ5cfc097325bf42b3870f2d2682af001b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kathrin Bausch verfasserin aut Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer. 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <h4<Background</h4<Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer.<h4<Materials and methods</h4<We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was < 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria.<h4<Results</h4<The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia.<h4<Conclusions</h4<Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation. Medicine R Science Q Elisa Roth verfasserin aut Stefan Heinz verfasserin aut David Horst verfasserin aut Susanne Mathia verfasserin aut Tatjana Vlajnic verfasserin aut Lukas Bubendorf verfasserin aut Timm Westhoff verfasserin aut Christian Wetterauer verfasserin aut Hans Helge Seifert verfasserin aut Jan Ebbing verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 14(2019), 3, p e0213549 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:14 year:2019 number:3, p e0213549 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5cfc097325bf42b3870f2d2682af001b kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213549 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2019 3, p e0213549
language	English
source	In PLoS ONE 14(2019), 3, p e0213549 volume:14 year:2019 number:3, p e0213549
sourceStr	In PLoS ONE 14(2019), 3, p e0213549 volume:14 year:2019 number:3, p e0213549
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Medicine R Science Q
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	PLoS ONE
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Kathrin Bausch @@aut@@ Elisa Roth @@aut@@ Stefan Heinz @@aut@@ David Horst @@aut@@ Susanne Mathia @@aut@@ Tatjana Vlajnic @@aut@@ Lukas Bubendorf @@aut@@ Timm Westhoff @@aut@@ Christian Wetterauer @@aut@@ Hans Helge Seifert @@aut@@ Jan Ebbing @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	523574592
id	DOAJ077093666
language_de	englisch
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Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer.<h4<Materials and methods</h4<We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was < 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria.<h4<Results</h4<The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia.<h4<Conclusions</h4<Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Medicine</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">R</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Science</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Q</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Elisa Roth</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Stefan Heinz</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield 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author	Kathrin Bausch
spellingShingle	Kathrin Bausch misc Medicine misc R misc Science misc Q Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer.
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topic_title	Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer
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title	Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer.
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title_full	Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer
author_sort	Kathrin Bausch
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author_browse	Kathrin Bausch Elisa Roth Stefan Heinz David Horst Susanne Mathia Tatjana Vlajnic Lukas Bubendorf Timm Westhoff Christian Wetterauer Hans Helge Seifert Jan Ebbing
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title_sort	urinary calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer
title_auth	Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer.
abstract	<h4<Background</h4<Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer.<h4<Materials and methods</h4<We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was < 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria.<h4<Results</h4<The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia.<h4<Conclusions</h4<Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation.
abstractGer	<h4<Background</h4<Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer.<h4<Materials and methods</h4<We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was < 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria.<h4<Results</h4<The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia.<h4<Conclusions</h4<Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation.
abstract_unstemmed	<h4<Background</h4<Urinary Calprotectin, a mediator of the innate immune system, has been identified as a biomarker in bladder cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between sterile leukocyturia and urinary Calprotectin in low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer.<h4<Materials and methods</h4<We performed a prospective cross-sectional study including 52 patients with bladder cancer and 40 healthy controls. Definition of sterile leukocyturia was < 5.0 leukocytes per visual field in absence of bacteriuria.<h4<Results</h4<The rate of sterile leukocyturia in low-grade (60.0%) and high-grade (62.0%) bladder cancer was comparable (p = 0.87). However, the median absolute urinary leukocyte count in patients with sterile leukocyturia was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade bladder cancer (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation revealed a significant correlation between urinary Calprotectin and leucocyte concentration (R = 0.4, p < 0.001). Median urinary Calprotectin concentration was 4.5 times higher in bladder cancer patients with than in patients without sterile leukocyturia (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia.<h4<Conclusions</h4<Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation.
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title_short	Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer.
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Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary Calprotectin regarding the presence of sterile leukocyturia in high-grade patients (596.8 [91.8-1655.5] vs. 90.4 [28.0-202.3] ng ml-1, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified the leukocyte concentration to be the only significant impact factor for urinary Calprotectin (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-3.8, p = 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed Calprotectin positive neutrophils and tumour cells in high-grade bladder cancer with sterile leukocyturia.<h4<Conclusions</h4<Urinary Calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific tumour marker for bladder cancer, but rather as a surrogate parameter for tumour inflammation.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Medicine</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">R</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Science</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Q</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Elisa Roth</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Stefan Heinz</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield 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Urinary Calprotectin loses specificity as tumour marker due to sterile leukocyturia associated with bladder cancer.

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