Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<

<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Augustyniak Daria [verfasserIn] Jankowski Adam [verfasserIn] Mackiewicz Paweł [verfasserIn] Skowyra Agnieszka [verfasserIn] Gutowicz Jan [verfasserIn] Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2012

Schlagwörter:	Neuropeptide Y Substance P CGRP Somatostatin Killing Permeabilization Phagocytosis Immunomodulation

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: BMC Immunology - BMC, 2003, 13(2012), 1, p 24
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:13 ; year:2012 ; number:1, p 24

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1471-2172-13-24

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ078326087

Internformat


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245	1	0	\|a Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<
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520			\|a <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p<
650		4	\|a Neuropeptide Y
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allfields	10.1186/1471-2172-13-24 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078326087 (DE-599)DOAJfd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC581-607 Augustyniak Daria verfasserin aut Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< Neuropeptide Y Substance P CGRP Somatostatin Killing Permeabilization Phagocytosis Immunomodulation <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< Immunologic diseases. Allergy Jankowski Adam verfasserin aut Mackiewicz Paweł verfasserin aut Skowyra Agnieszka verfasserin aut Gutowicz Jan verfasserin aut Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna verfasserin aut In BMC Immunology BMC, 2003 13(2012), 1, p 24 (DE-627)326644962 (DE-600)2041500-X 14712172 nnns volume:13 year:2012 number:1, p 24 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-13-24 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510 kostenfrei http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/13/24 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2172 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2012 1, p 24
spelling	10.1186/1471-2172-13-24 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078326087 (DE-599)DOAJfd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC581-607 Augustyniak Daria verfasserin aut Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< Neuropeptide Y Substance P CGRP Somatostatin Killing Permeabilization Phagocytosis Immunomodulation <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< Immunologic diseases. Allergy Jankowski Adam verfasserin aut Mackiewicz Paweł verfasserin aut Skowyra Agnieszka verfasserin aut Gutowicz Jan verfasserin aut Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna verfasserin aut In BMC Immunology BMC, 2003 13(2012), 1, p 24 (DE-627)326644962 (DE-600)2041500-X 14712172 nnns volume:13 year:2012 number:1, p 24 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-13-24 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510 kostenfrei http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/13/24 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2172 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2012 1, p 24
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1471-2172-13-24 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078326087 (DE-599)DOAJfd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC581-607 Augustyniak Daria verfasserin aut Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< Neuropeptide Y Substance P CGRP Somatostatin Killing Permeabilization Phagocytosis Immunomodulation <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< Immunologic diseases. Allergy Jankowski Adam verfasserin aut Mackiewicz Paweł verfasserin aut Skowyra Agnieszka verfasserin aut Gutowicz Jan verfasserin aut Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna verfasserin aut In BMC Immunology BMC, 2003 13(2012), 1, p 24 (DE-627)326644962 (DE-600)2041500-X 14712172 nnns volume:13 year:2012 number:1, p 24 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-13-24 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510 kostenfrei http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/13/24 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2172 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2012 1, p 24
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1471-2172-13-24 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078326087 (DE-599)DOAJfd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC581-607 Augustyniak Daria verfasserin aut Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< Neuropeptide Y Substance P CGRP Somatostatin Killing Permeabilization Phagocytosis Immunomodulation <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< Immunologic diseases. Allergy Jankowski Adam verfasserin aut Mackiewicz Paweł verfasserin aut Skowyra Agnieszka verfasserin aut Gutowicz Jan verfasserin aut Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna verfasserin aut In BMC Immunology BMC, 2003 13(2012), 1, p 24 (DE-627)326644962 (DE-600)2041500-X 14712172 nnns volume:13 year:2012 number:1, p 24 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-13-24 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510 kostenfrei http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/13/24 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2172 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2012 1, p 24
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1471-2172-13-24 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078326087 (DE-599)DOAJfd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC581-607 Augustyniak Daria verfasserin aut Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< 2012 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< Neuropeptide Y Substance P CGRP Somatostatin Killing Permeabilization Phagocytosis Immunomodulation <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< Immunologic diseases. Allergy Jankowski Adam verfasserin aut Mackiewicz Paweł verfasserin aut Skowyra Agnieszka verfasserin aut Gutowicz Jan verfasserin aut Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna verfasserin aut In BMC Immunology BMC, 2003 13(2012), 1, p 24 (DE-627)326644962 (DE-600)2041500-X 14712172 nnns volume:13 year:2012 number:1, p 24 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2172-13-24 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510 kostenfrei http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/13/24 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2172 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2012 1, p 24
language	English
source	In BMC Immunology 13(2012), 1, p 24 volume:13 year:2012 number:1, p 24
sourceStr	In BMC Immunology 13(2012), 1, p 24 volume:13 year:2012 number:1, p 24
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Neuropeptide Y Substance P CGRP Somatostatin Killing Permeabilization Phagocytosis Immunomodulation <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< Immunologic diseases. Allergy
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	BMC Immunology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Augustyniak Daria @@aut@@ Jankowski Adam @@aut@@ Mackiewicz Paweł @@aut@@ Skowyra Agnieszka @@aut@@ Gutowicz Jan @@aut@@ Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	326644962
id	DOAJ078326087
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ078326087</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230502151839.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230228s2012 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1186/1471-2172-13-24</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ078326087</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJfd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">RC581-607</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Augustyniak Daria</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a"><p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. 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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Augustyniak Daria
spellingShingle	Augustyniak Daria misc RC581-607 misc Neuropeptide Y misc Substance P misc CGRP misc Somatostatin misc Killing misc Permeabilization misc Phagocytosis misc Immunomodulation misc <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< misc <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< misc Immunologic diseases. Allergy Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<
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topic_title	RC581-607 Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< Neuropeptide Y Substance P CGRP Somatostatin Killing Permeabilization Phagocytosis Immunomodulation <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<
topic	misc RC581-607 misc Neuropeptide Y misc Substance P misc CGRP misc Somatostatin misc Killing misc Permeabilization misc Phagocytosis misc Immunomodulation misc <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< misc <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< misc Immunologic diseases. Allergy
topic_unstemmed	misc RC581-607 misc Neuropeptide Y misc Substance P misc CGRP misc Somatostatin misc Killing misc Permeabilization misc Phagocytosis misc Immunomodulation misc <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< misc <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< misc Immunologic diseases. Allergy
topic_browse	misc RC581-607 misc Neuropeptide Y misc Substance P misc CGRP misc Somatostatin misc Killing misc Permeabilization misc Phagocytosis misc Immunomodulation misc <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< misc <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it< misc Immunologic diseases. Allergy
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title	Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<
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title_full	Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<
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author_browse	Augustyniak Daria Jankowski Adam Mackiewicz Paweł Skowyra Agnieszka Gutowicz Jan Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna
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title_sort	innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<haemophilus influenzae</it<
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title_auth	Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<
abstract	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p<
abstractGer	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p<
abstract_unstemmed	<p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p<
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title_short	Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<
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fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ078326087</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230502151839.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230228s2012 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1186/1471-2172-13-24</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ078326087</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJfd3933802408498a90be09e5868d2510</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">RC581-607</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Augustyniak Daria</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a"><p<Abstract</p< <p<Background</p< <p<Considerable evidence supports the concept of active communication between the nervous and immune systems. One class of such communicators are the neuropeptides (NPs). Recent reports have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides, placing them among the integral components of innate immune defense. This study examined the action of four human neuropeptides: calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM), which are accessible in the upper respiratory tract, against two human-specific respiratory pathogens. We studied: (i) neuropeptide-mediated direct antibacterial activity exerted against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae,</it< and (ii) indirect immunomodulatory role of these neuropeptides in the neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis of indicated pathogens.</p< <p<Results</p< <p<We found that 100 micromolar concentrations of CGRP, NPY, SP, and SOM effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes and showed (except SOM) bactericidal activity against both pathogens. SOM acted only bacteriostatically. However the killing efficacy was dependent on the bactericidal assay used. The rank order of killing NP effect was: NPY ≥ CGRP < SP << SOM and correlated with their potency to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The killing and permeabilization activity of the analyzed NPs showed significant correlation with several physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of the neuropeptides. <it<M. catarrhalis</it< was more sensitive to neuropeptides than nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p< <p<The immunomodulatory bimodal effect of physiological concentrations of CGRP, NPY, and SP on the phagocytic function of human neutrophils against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and <it<H. influenzae</it< was observed both in the ingestion (pathogen uptake) and reactive oxygen species generation stages. This effect was also dependent on the distinct type of pathogen recognition (opsonic versus nonopsonic).</p< <p<Conclusions</p< <p<The present results indicate that neuropeptides such as CGRP, NPY, and SP can effectively participate in the direct and indirect elimination of human-specific respiratory pathogens. Because the studied NPs show both direct and indirect modulating antimicrobial potency, they seem to be important molecules involved in the innate host defense against <it<M. catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<H. influenzae</it<.</p<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Neuropeptide Y</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Substance P</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">CGRP</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Somatostatin</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Killing</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Permeabilization</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Phagocytosis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Immunomodulation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a"><it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a"><it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Immunologic diseases. 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Innate immune properties of selected human neuropeptides against <it<Moraxella catarrhalis</it< and nontypeable <it<Haemophilus influenzae</it<

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