Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations
With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach,...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Rizza Karen Veridiano [verfasserIn] Jobst Michael Schröder [verfasserIn] Renezita Come [verfasserIn] Angelica Baldos [verfasserIn] Sven Günter [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2020 |
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Schlagwörter: |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Environments - MDPI AG, 2014, 7(2020), 3, p 20 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:7 ; year:2020 ; number:3, p 20 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.3390/environments7030020 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ078780098 |
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10.3390/environments7030020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078780098 (DE-599)DOAJ4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD1-1066 Rizza Karen Veridiano verfasserin aut Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. restoration natural forests biodiversity conservation mixed-species plantations multi-purpose forestry Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Jobst Michael Schröder verfasserin aut Renezita Come verfasserin aut Angelica Baldos verfasserin aut Sven Günter verfasserin aut In Environments MDPI AG, 2014 7(2020), 3, p 20 (DE-627)791048616 (DE-600)2777960-9 20763298 nnns volume:7 year:2020 number:3, p 20 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7030020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/20 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 3, p 20 |
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10.3390/environments7030020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078780098 (DE-599)DOAJ4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD1-1066 Rizza Karen Veridiano verfasserin aut Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. restoration natural forests biodiversity conservation mixed-species plantations multi-purpose forestry Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Jobst Michael Schröder verfasserin aut Renezita Come verfasserin aut Angelica Baldos verfasserin aut Sven Günter verfasserin aut In Environments MDPI AG, 2014 7(2020), 3, p 20 (DE-627)791048616 (DE-600)2777960-9 20763298 nnns volume:7 year:2020 number:3, p 20 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7030020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/20 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 3, p 20 |
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10.3390/environments7030020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078780098 (DE-599)DOAJ4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD1-1066 Rizza Karen Veridiano verfasserin aut Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. restoration natural forests biodiversity conservation mixed-species plantations multi-purpose forestry Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Jobst Michael Schröder verfasserin aut Renezita Come verfasserin aut Angelica Baldos verfasserin aut Sven Günter verfasserin aut In Environments MDPI AG, 2014 7(2020), 3, p 20 (DE-627)791048616 (DE-600)2777960-9 20763298 nnns volume:7 year:2020 number:3, p 20 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7030020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/20 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 3, p 20 |
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10.3390/environments7030020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078780098 (DE-599)DOAJ4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD1-1066 Rizza Karen Veridiano verfasserin aut Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. restoration natural forests biodiversity conservation mixed-species plantations multi-purpose forestry Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Jobst Michael Schröder verfasserin aut Renezita Come verfasserin aut Angelica Baldos verfasserin aut Sven Günter verfasserin aut In Environments MDPI AG, 2014 7(2020), 3, p 20 (DE-627)791048616 (DE-600)2777960-9 20763298 nnns volume:7 year:2020 number:3, p 20 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7030020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/20 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 3, p 20 |
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Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations |
abstract |
With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. |
abstractGer |
With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. |
abstract_unstemmed |
With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. |
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container_issue |
3, p 20 |
title_short |
Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7030020 https://doaj.org/article/4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/20 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 |
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Jobst Michael Schröder Renezita Come Angelica Baldos Sven Günter |
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