Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations

With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Rizza Karen Veridiano [verfasserIn] Jobst Michael Schröder [verfasserIn] Renezita Come [verfasserIn] Angelica Baldos [verfasserIn] Sven Günter [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	restoration natural forests biodiversity conservation mixed-species plantations multi-purpose forestry

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Environments - MDPI AG, 2014, 7(2020), 3, p 20
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:7 ; year:2020 ; number:3, p 20

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/environments7030020

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ078780098

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520			\|a With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services.
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allfields	10.3390/environments7030020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078780098 (DE-599)DOAJ4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD1-1066 Rizza Karen Veridiano verfasserin aut Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. restoration natural forests biodiversity conservation mixed-species plantations multi-purpose forestry Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Jobst Michael Schröder verfasserin aut Renezita Come verfasserin aut Angelica Baldos verfasserin aut Sven Günter verfasserin aut In Environments MDPI AG, 2014 7(2020), 3, p 20 (DE-627)791048616 (DE-600)2777960-9 20763298 nnns volume:7 year:2020 number:3, p 20 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7030020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/20 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 3, p 20
spelling	10.3390/environments7030020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078780098 (DE-599)DOAJ4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD1-1066 Rizza Karen Veridiano verfasserin aut Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. restoration natural forests biodiversity conservation mixed-species plantations multi-purpose forestry Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Jobst Michael Schröder verfasserin aut Renezita Come verfasserin aut Angelica Baldos verfasserin aut Sven Günter verfasserin aut In Environments MDPI AG, 2014 7(2020), 3, p 20 (DE-627)791048616 (DE-600)2777960-9 20763298 nnns volume:7 year:2020 number:3, p 20 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7030020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/20 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 3, p 20
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/environments7030020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078780098 (DE-599)DOAJ4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD1-1066 Rizza Karen Veridiano verfasserin aut Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. restoration natural forests biodiversity conservation mixed-species plantations multi-purpose forestry Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Jobst Michael Schröder verfasserin aut Renezita Come verfasserin aut Angelica Baldos verfasserin aut Sven Günter verfasserin aut In Environments MDPI AG, 2014 7(2020), 3, p 20 (DE-627)791048616 (DE-600)2777960-9 20763298 nnns volume:7 year:2020 number:3, p 20 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7030020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/20 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 3, p 20
allfieldsGer	10.3390/environments7030020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078780098 (DE-599)DOAJ4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD1-1066 Rizza Karen Veridiano verfasserin aut Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. restoration natural forests biodiversity conservation mixed-species plantations multi-purpose forestry Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Jobst Michael Schröder verfasserin aut Renezita Come verfasserin aut Angelica Baldos verfasserin aut Sven Günter verfasserin aut In Environments MDPI AG, 2014 7(2020), 3, p 20 (DE-627)791048616 (DE-600)2777960-9 20763298 nnns volume:7 year:2020 number:3, p 20 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7030020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/20 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 3, p 20
allfieldsSound	10.3390/environments7030020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078780098 (DE-599)DOAJ4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD1-1066 Rizza Karen Veridiano verfasserin aut Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services. restoration natural forests biodiversity conservation mixed-species plantations multi-purpose forestry Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Jobst Michael Schröder verfasserin aut Renezita Come verfasserin aut Angelica Baldos verfasserin aut Sven Günter verfasserin aut In Environments MDPI AG, 2014 7(2020), 3, p 20 (DE-627)791048616 (DE-600)2777960-9 20763298 nnns volume:7 year:2020 number:3, p 20 https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7030020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/20 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 3, p 20
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author	Rizza Karen Veridiano
spellingShingle	Rizza Karen Veridiano misc TD1-1066 misc restoration misc natural forests misc biodiversity conservation misc mixed-species plantations misc multi-purpose forestry misc Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations
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topic_title	TD1-1066 Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations restoration natural forests biodiversity conservation mixed-species plantations multi-purpose forestry
topic	misc TD1-1066 misc restoration misc natural forests misc biodiversity conservation misc mixed-species plantations misc multi-purpose forestry misc Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
topic_unstemmed	misc TD1-1066 misc restoration misc natural forests misc biodiversity conservation misc mixed-species plantations misc multi-purpose forestry misc Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
topic_browse	misc TD1-1066 misc restoration misc natural forests misc biodiversity conservation misc mixed-species plantations misc multi-purpose forestry misc Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
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title	Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations
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title_full	Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations
author_sort	Rizza Karen Veridiano
journal	Environments
journalStr	Environments
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lang_code	eng
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author_browse	Rizza Karen Veridiano Jobst Michael Schröder Renezita Come Angelica Baldos Sven Günter
container_volume	7
class	TD1-1066
format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Rizza Karen Veridiano
doi_str_mv	10.3390/environments7030020
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	towards forest landscape restoration programs in the philippines: evidence from logged forests and mixed-species plantations
callnumber	TD1-1066
title_auth	Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations
abstract	With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services.
abstractGer	With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services.
abstract_unstemmed	With only 7.01 million hectares of remaining forested areas in the Philippines, there is an urgency to protect these areas, while also implementing restoration strategies to increase forest cover and improve forest functionality. In this study, we assess how the so called “rainforestation” approach, attempts to implement close-to-nature restoration strategies in humid tropic areas. One of the main objectives of the “rainforestation” approach as a form of a mixed-species plantation is the rehabilitation of structural and floristic integrity similar to natural conditions. We compared study areas located in the provinces of Leyte and Southern Leyte composed of logged forests (temporary plots), with logged forests on a permanent research plot and with mixed-species plantations. Basal area, carbon stocks, volume and biological diversity between study areas were calculated and compared, both for static and dynamic data. Results from the static data indicate that carbon stocks (89.30 t ha<sup<−1</sup<) and volume (262.56 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup<) of the mixed-species plantations (“rainforestation” approach) is significantly lower than that of the logged forests. However, when it comes to the capacity of the study areas for potential increments, the mixed-species plantations are not significantly different on basal area increment (0.99 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<), carbon stock increment (3.67 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) and total volume increment (10.47 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<) as compared to the logged forests’ capacity (basal area—1.08 m<sup<2</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, carbon—4.06 t ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< and total volume—11.98 m<sup<3</sup< ha<sup<−1</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<). The species composition was only partly comparable to logged forests of the region, but overall tree species richness is high in comparison to classical plantation approaches. Previously logged forests are able to recover fast reaching surprisingly high values of carbon stocks and potential commercial timber volume. Our study indicates that “rainforestation” cannot fully replace the functionality of natural forests, but can provide a surprisingly multifunctional tool for landscape restoration, providing both timber and non-timber ecosystem services.
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container_issue	3, p 20
title_short	Towards Forest Landscape Restoration Programs in the Philippines: Evidence from Logged Forests and Mixed-Species Plantations
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7030020 https://doaj.org/article/4188e5650d814775be133a7e36486e8c https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/3/20 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3298
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author2	Jobst Michael Schröder Renezita Come Angelica Baldos Sven Günter
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up_date	2024-07-03T19:48:30.241Z
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