Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China

<i<Suaeda salsa</i< (<i<S. salsa</i<) is an important ecological barrier and tourism resource in coastal wetland resources, and assessing changes in its health is beneficial for protecting the ecological health of wetlands and increasing finances. The aim was to explore impro...
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Autor*in:	Ziming Song [verfasserIn] Yingyue Sun [verfasserIn] Peng Chen [verfasserIn] Mingming Jia [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	coastal wetland pressure-state-response framework ecological restoration assessment

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - MDPI AG, 2005, 19(2022), 546, p 546
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:19 ; year:2022 ; number:546, p 546

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ijerph19010546

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ078789583

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allfields	10.3390/ijerph19010546 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078789583 (DE-599)DOAJe60123f37c9d4b279e3fad7e7af16014 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ziming Song verfasserin aut Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Suaeda salsa</i< (<i<S. salsa</i<) is an important ecological barrier and tourism resource in coastal wetland resources, and assessing changes in its health is beneficial for protecting the ecological health of wetlands and increasing finances. The aim was to explore improvements in the degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities in the Liao River Estuary National Nature Reserve since a wetland restoration project was carried out in Panjin, Liaoning Province, China, in 2015. In this study, landscape changes in the reserve were assessed based on Sentinel-2 images classification results from 2016 to 2019. A pressure-state-response framework was constructed to assess the annual degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities within the wetlands. The assessment results show that the area of <i<S. salsa</i< communities and water bodies decreased annually from 2016 to 2019, and the increased degradation indicators indicate a state of continued degradation. The area of types such as aquaculture ponds and <i<Phragmites australis</i< communities did not change much, while the estuarine mudflats increased year by year. The causes of <i<S. salsa</i< community degradation include anthropogenic impacts from abandoned aquaculture ponds and sluice control systems but also natural impacts from changes in the tidal amplitude and soil properties of the mudflats. The results also indicate that the living conditions of <i<S. salsa</i< in the Liao River estuary wetlands are poor and that anthropogenic disturbance is necessary to restore the original vegetation abundance. coastal wetland <i<Suaeda salsa</i< pressure-state-response framework ecological restoration assessment Medicine R Yingyue Sun verfasserin aut Peng Chen verfasserin aut Mingming Jia verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 19(2022), 546, p 546 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:19 year:2022 number:546, p 546 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010546 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e60123f37c9d4b279e3fad7e7af16014 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/1/546 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2022 546, p 546
spelling	10.3390/ijerph19010546 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078789583 (DE-599)DOAJe60123f37c9d4b279e3fad7e7af16014 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ziming Song verfasserin aut Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Suaeda salsa</i< (<i<S. salsa</i<) is an important ecological barrier and tourism resource in coastal wetland resources, and assessing changes in its health is beneficial for protecting the ecological health of wetlands and increasing finances. The aim was to explore improvements in the degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities in the Liao River Estuary National Nature Reserve since a wetland restoration project was carried out in Panjin, Liaoning Province, China, in 2015. In this study, landscape changes in the reserve were assessed based on Sentinel-2 images classification results from 2016 to 2019. A pressure-state-response framework was constructed to assess the annual degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities within the wetlands. The assessment results show that the area of <i<S. salsa</i< communities and water bodies decreased annually from 2016 to 2019, and the increased degradation indicators indicate a state of continued degradation. The area of types such as aquaculture ponds and <i<Phragmites australis</i< communities did not change much, while the estuarine mudflats increased year by year. The causes of <i<S. salsa</i< community degradation include anthropogenic impacts from abandoned aquaculture ponds and sluice control systems but also natural impacts from changes in the tidal amplitude and soil properties of the mudflats. The results also indicate that the living conditions of <i<S. salsa</i< in the Liao River estuary wetlands are poor and that anthropogenic disturbance is necessary to restore the original vegetation abundance. coastal wetland <i<Suaeda salsa</i< pressure-state-response framework ecological restoration assessment Medicine R Yingyue Sun verfasserin aut Peng Chen verfasserin aut Mingming Jia verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 19(2022), 546, p 546 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:19 year:2022 number:546, p 546 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010546 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e60123f37c9d4b279e3fad7e7af16014 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/1/546 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2022 546, p 546
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/ijerph19010546 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078789583 (DE-599)DOAJe60123f37c9d4b279e3fad7e7af16014 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ziming Song verfasserin aut Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Suaeda salsa</i< (<i<S. salsa</i<) is an important ecological barrier and tourism resource in coastal wetland resources, and assessing changes in its health is beneficial for protecting the ecological health of wetlands and increasing finances. The aim was to explore improvements in the degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities in the Liao River Estuary National Nature Reserve since a wetland restoration project was carried out in Panjin, Liaoning Province, China, in 2015. In this study, landscape changes in the reserve were assessed based on Sentinel-2 images classification results from 2016 to 2019. A pressure-state-response framework was constructed to assess the annual degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities within the wetlands. The assessment results show that the area of <i<S. salsa</i< communities and water bodies decreased annually from 2016 to 2019, and the increased degradation indicators indicate a state of continued degradation. The area of types such as aquaculture ponds and <i<Phragmites australis</i< communities did not change much, while the estuarine mudflats increased year by year. The causes of <i<S. salsa</i< community degradation include anthropogenic impacts from abandoned aquaculture ponds and sluice control systems but also natural impacts from changes in the tidal amplitude and soil properties of the mudflats. The results also indicate that the living conditions of <i<S. salsa</i< in the Liao River estuary wetlands are poor and that anthropogenic disturbance is necessary to restore the original vegetation abundance. coastal wetland <i<Suaeda salsa</i< pressure-state-response framework ecological restoration assessment Medicine R Yingyue Sun verfasserin aut Peng Chen verfasserin aut Mingming Jia verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 19(2022), 546, p 546 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:19 year:2022 number:546, p 546 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010546 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e60123f37c9d4b279e3fad7e7af16014 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/1/546 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2022 546, p 546
allfieldsGer	10.3390/ijerph19010546 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078789583 (DE-599)DOAJe60123f37c9d4b279e3fad7e7af16014 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ziming Song verfasserin aut Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Suaeda salsa</i< (<i<S. salsa</i<) is an important ecological barrier and tourism resource in coastal wetland resources, and assessing changes in its health is beneficial for protecting the ecological health of wetlands and increasing finances. The aim was to explore improvements in the degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities in the Liao River Estuary National Nature Reserve since a wetland restoration project was carried out in Panjin, Liaoning Province, China, in 2015. In this study, landscape changes in the reserve were assessed based on Sentinel-2 images classification results from 2016 to 2019. A pressure-state-response framework was constructed to assess the annual degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities within the wetlands. The assessment results show that the area of <i<S. salsa</i< communities and water bodies decreased annually from 2016 to 2019, and the increased degradation indicators indicate a state of continued degradation. The area of types such as aquaculture ponds and <i<Phragmites australis</i< communities did not change much, while the estuarine mudflats increased year by year. The causes of <i<S. salsa</i< community degradation include anthropogenic impacts from abandoned aquaculture ponds and sluice control systems but also natural impacts from changes in the tidal amplitude and soil properties of the mudflats. The results also indicate that the living conditions of <i<S. salsa</i< in the Liao River estuary wetlands are poor and that anthropogenic disturbance is necessary to restore the original vegetation abundance. coastal wetland <i<Suaeda salsa</i< pressure-state-response framework ecological restoration assessment Medicine R Yingyue Sun verfasserin aut Peng Chen verfasserin aut Mingming Jia verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 19(2022), 546, p 546 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:19 year:2022 number:546, p 546 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010546 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e60123f37c9d4b279e3fad7e7af16014 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/1/546 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2022 546, p 546
allfieldsSound	10.3390/ijerph19010546 doi (DE-627)DOAJ078789583 (DE-599)DOAJe60123f37c9d4b279e3fad7e7af16014 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Ziming Song verfasserin aut Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Suaeda salsa</i< (<i<S. salsa</i<) is an important ecological barrier and tourism resource in coastal wetland resources, and assessing changes in its health is beneficial for protecting the ecological health of wetlands and increasing finances. The aim was to explore improvements in the degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities in the Liao River Estuary National Nature Reserve since a wetland restoration project was carried out in Panjin, Liaoning Province, China, in 2015. In this study, landscape changes in the reserve were assessed based on Sentinel-2 images classification results from 2016 to 2019. A pressure-state-response framework was constructed to assess the annual degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities within the wetlands. The assessment results show that the area of <i<S. salsa</i< communities and water bodies decreased annually from 2016 to 2019, and the increased degradation indicators indicate a state of continued degradation. The area of types such as aquaculture ponds and <i<Phragmites australis</i< communities did not change much, while the estuarine mudflats increased year by year. The causes of <i<S. salsa</i< community degradation include anthropogenic impacts from abandoned aquaculture ponds and sluice control systems but also natural impacts from changes in the tidal amplitude and soil properties of the mudflats. The results also indicate that the living conditions of <i<S. salsa</i< in the Liao River estuary wetlands are poor and that anthropogenic disturbance is necessary to restore the original vegetation abundance. coastal wetland <i<Suaeda salsa</i< pressure-state-response framework ecological restoration assessment Medicine R Yingyue Sun verfasserin aut Peng Chen verfasserin aut Mingming Jia verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 19(2022), 546, p 546 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:19 year:2022 number:546, p 546 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010546 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e60123f37c9d4b279e3fad7e7af16014 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/1/546 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2022 546, p 546
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author	Ziming Song
spellingShingle	Ziming Song misc coastal wetland misc <i<Suaeda salsa</i< misc pressure-state-response framework misc ecological restoration assessment misc Medicine misc R Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China
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topic_title	Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China coastal wetland <i<Suaeda salsa</i< pressure-state-response framework ecological restoration assessment
topic	misc coastal wetland misc <i<Suaeda salsa</i< misc pressure-state-response framework misc ecological restoration assessment misc Medicine misc R
topic_unstemmed	misc coastal wetland misc <i<Suaeda salsa</i< misc pressure-state-response framework misc ecological restoration assessment misc Medicine misc R
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title	Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China
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title_full	Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China
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title_sort	assessing the ecosystem health of coastal wetland vegetation (<i<suaeda salsa</i<) using the pressure state response model, a case of the liao river estuary in china
title_auth	Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China
abstract	<i<Suaeda salsa</i< (<i<S. salsa</i<) is an important ecological barrier and tourism resource in coastal wetland resources, and assessing changes in its health is beneficial for protecting the ecological health of wetlands and increasing finances. The aim was to explore improvements in the degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities in the Liao River Estuary National Nature Reserve since a wetland restoration project was carried out in Panjin, Liaoning Province, China, in 2015. In this study, landscape changes in the reserve were assessed based on Sentinel-2 images classification results from 2016 to 2019. A pressure-state-response framework was constructed to assess the annual degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities within the wetlands. The assessment results show that the area of <i<S. salsa</i< communities and water bodies decreased annually from 2016 to 2019, and the increased degradation indicators indicate a state of continued degradation. The area of types such as aquaculture ponds and <i<Phragmites australis</i< communities did not change much, while the estuarine mudflats increased year by year. The causes of <i<S. salsa</i< community degradation include anthropogenic impacts from abandoned aquaculture ponds and sluice control systems but also natural impacts from changes in the tidal amplitude and soil properties of the mudflats. The results also indicate that the living conditions of <i<S. salsa</i< in the Liao River estuary wetlands are poor and that anthropogenic disturbance is necessary to restore the original vegetation abundance.
abstractGer	<i<Suaeda salsa</i< (<i<S. salsa</i<) is an important ecological barrier and tourism resource in coastal wetland resources, and assessing changes in its health is beneficial for protecting the ecological health of wetlands and increasing finances. The aim was to explore improvements in the degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities in the Liao River Estuary National Nature Reserve since a wetland restoration project was carried out in Panjin, Liaoning Province, China, in 2015. In this study, landscape changes in the reserve were assessed based on Sentinel-2 images classification results from 2016 to 2019. A pressure-state-response framework was constructed to assess the annual degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities within the wetlands. The assessment results show that the area of <i<S. salsa</i< communities and water bodies decreased annually from 2016 to 2019, and the increased degradation indicators indicate a state of continued degradation. The area of types such as aquaculture ponds and <i<Phragmites australis</i< communities did not change much, while the estuarine mudflats increased year by year. The causes of <i<S. salsa</i< community degradation include anthropogenic impacts from abandoned aquaculture ponds and sluice control systems but also natural impacts from changes in the tidal amplitude and soil properties of the mudflats. The results also indicate that the living conditions of <i<S. salsa</i< in the Liao River estuary wetlands are poor and that anthropogenic disturbance is necessary to restore the original vegetation abundance.
abstract_unstemmed	<i<Suaeda salsa</i< (<i<S. salsa</i<) is an important ecological barrier and tourism resource in coastal wetland resources, and assessing changes in its health is beneficial for protecting the ecological health of wetlands and increasing finances. The aim was to explore improvements in the degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities in the Liao River Estuary National Nature Reserve since a wetland restoration project was carried out in Panjin, Liaoning Province, China, in 2015. In this study, landscape changes in the reserve were assessed based on Sentinel-2 images classification results from 2016 to 2019. A pressure-state-response framework was constructed to assess the annual degradation of <i<S. salsa</i< communities within the wetlands. The assessment results show that the area of <i<S. salsa</i< communities and water bodies decreased annually from 2016 to 2019, and the increased degradation indicators indicate a state of continued degradation. The area of types such as aquaculture ponds and <i<Phragmites australis</i< communities did not change much, while the estuarine mudflats increased year by year. The causes of <i<S. salsa</i< community degradation include anthropogenic impacts from abandoned aquaculture ponds and sluice control systems but also natural impacts from changes in the tidal amplitude and soil properties of the mudflats. The results also indicate that the living conditions of <i<S. salsa</i< in the Liao River estuary wetlands are poor and that anthropogenic disturbance is necessary to restore the original vegetation abundance.
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container_issue	546, p 546
title_short	Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China
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Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation (<i<Suaeda salsa</i<) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China

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