A Multivariate Approach to Determine the Dimensionality of Human Facial Asymmetry

Many studies have suggested that developmental instability (DI) could lead to asymmetric development, otherwise known as fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Several attempts to unravel the biological meaning of FA have been made, yet the main step in estimating FA is to remove the effects of directional asy...
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Autor*in:	Omid Ekrami [verfasserIn] Peter Claes [verfasserIn] Julie D. White [verfasserIn] Seth M. Weinberg [verfasserIn] Mary L. Marazita [verfasserIn] Susan Walsh [verfasserIn] Mark D. Shriver [verfasserIn] Stefan Van Dongen [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	fluctuating asymmetry 3d morphometrics directional asymmetry sexual dimorphism

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Symmetry - MDPI AG, 2009, 12(2020), 3, p 348
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2020 ; number:3, p 348

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DOI / URN:	10.3390/sym12030348

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ079301762

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spelling	10.3390/sym12030348 doi (DE-627)DOAJ079301762 (DE-599)DOAJ4040484d9701428ab710c5d813693e6f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QA1-939 Omid Ekrami verfasserin aut A Multivariate Approach to Determine the Dimensionality of Human Facial Asymmetry 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Many studies have suggested that developmental instability (DI) could lead to asymmetric development, otherwise known as fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Several attempts to unravel the biological meaning of FA have been made, yet the main step in estimating FA is to remove the effects of directional asymmetry (DA), which is defined as the average bilateral asymmetry at the population level. Here, we demonstrate in a multivariate context that the conventional method of DA correction does not adequately compensate for the effects of DA in other dimensions of asymmetry. This appears to be due to the presence of between-individual variation along the DA dimension. Consequently, we propose to decompose asymmetry into its different orthogonal dimensions, where we introduce a new measure of asymmetry, namely fluctuating directional asymmetry (F-DA). This measure describes individual variation in the dimension of DA, and can be used to adequately correct the asymmetry measurements for the presence of DA. We provide evidence that this measure can be useful in disentangling the different dimensions of asymmetry, and further studies on this measure can provide valuable insight into the underlying biological processes leading to these different asymmetry dimensions. fluctuating asymmetry 3d morphometrics directional asymmetry sexual dimorphism Mathematics Peter Claes verfasserin aut Julie D. White verfasserin aut Seth M. Weinberg verfasserin aut Mary L. Marazita verfasserin aut Susan Walsh verfasserin aut Mark D. Shriver verfasserin aut Stefan Van Dongen verfasserin aut In Symmetry MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 3, p 348 (DE-627)610604112 (DE-600)2518382-5 20738994 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 348 https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030348 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4040484d9701428ab710c5d813693e6f kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/348 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-8994 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 3, p 348
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allfieldsSound	10.3390/sym12030348 doi (DE-627)DOAJ079301762 (DE-599)DOAJ4040484d9701428ab710c5d813693e6f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QA1-939 Omid Ekrami verfasserin aut A Multivariate Approach to Determine the Dimensionality of Human Facial Asymmetry 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Many studies have suggested that developmental instability (DI) could lead to asymmetric development, otherwise known as fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Several attempts to unravel the biological meaning of FA have been made, yet the main step in estimating FA is to remove the effects of directional asymmetry (DA), which is defined as the average bilateral asymmetry at the population level. Here, we demonstrate in a multivariate context that the conventional method of DA correction does not adequately compensate for the effects of DA in other dimensions of asymmetry. This appears to be due to the presence of between-individual variation along the DA dimension. Consequently, we propose to decompose asymmetry into its different orthogonal dimensions, where we introduce a new measure of asymmetry, namely fluctuating directional asymmetry (F-DA). This measure describes individual variation in the dimension of DA, and can be used to adequately correct the asymmetry measurements for the presence of DA. We provide evidence that this measure can be useful in disentangling the different dimensions of asymmetry, and further studies on this measure can provide valuable insight into the underlying biological processes leading to these different asymmetry dimensions. fluctuating asymmetry 3d morphometrics directional asymmetry sexual dimorphism Mathematics Peter Claes verfasserin aut Julie D. White verfasserin aut Seth M. Weinberg verfasserin aut Mary L. Marazita verfasserin aut Susan Walsh verfasserin aut Mark D. Shriver verfasserin aut Stefan Van Dongen verfasserin aut In Symmetry MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 3, p 348 (DE-627)610604112 (DE-600)2518382-5 20738994 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 348 https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12030348 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/4040484d9701428ab710c5d813693e6f kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/3/348 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-8994 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 3, p 348
language	English
source	In Symmetry 12(2020), 3, p 348 volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 348
sourceStr	In Symmetry 12(2020), 3, p 348 volume:12 year:2020 number:3, p 348
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institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	fluctuating asymmetry 3d morphometrics directional asymmetry sexual dimorphism Mathematics
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container_title	Symmetry
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Omid Ekrami @@aut@@ Peter Claes @@aut@@ Julie D. White @@aut@@ Seth M. Weinberg @@aut@@ Mary L. Marazita @@aut@@ Susan Walsh @@aut@@ Mark D. Shriver @@aut@@ Stefan Van Dongen @@aut@@
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author	Omid Ekrami
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topic_title	QA1-939 A Multivariate Approach to Determine the Dimensionality of Human Facial Asymmetry fluctuating asymmetry 3d morphometrics directional asymmetry sexual dimorphism
topic	misc QA1-939 misc fluctuating asymmetry misc 3d morphometrics misc directional asymmetry misc sexual dimorphism misc Mathematics
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title	A Multivariate Approach to Determine the Dimensionality of Human Facial Asymmetry
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title_sort	multivariate approach to determine the dimensionality of human facial asymmetry
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title_auth	A Multivariate Approach to Determine the Dimensionality of Human Facial Asymmetry
abstract	Many studies have suggested that developmental instability (DI) could lead to asymmetric development, otherwise known as fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Several attempts to unravel the biological meaning of FA have been made, yet the main step in estimating FA is to remove the effects of directional asymmetry (DA), which is defined as the average bilateral asymmetry at the population level. Here, we demonstrate in a multivariate context that the conventional method of DA correction does not adequately compensate for the effects of DA in other dimensions of asymmetry. This appears to be due to the presence of between-individual variation along the DA dimension. Consequently, we propose to decompose asymmetry into its different orthogonal dimensions, where we introduce a new measure of asymmetry, namely fluctuating directional asymmetry (F-DA). This measure describes individual variation in the dimension of DA, and can be used to adequately correct the asymmetry measurements for the presence of DA. We provide evidence that this measure can be useful in disentangling the different dimensions of asymmetry, and further studies on this measure can provide valuable insight into the underlying biological processes leading to these different asymmetry dimensions.
abstractGer	Many studies have suggested that developmental instability (DI) could lead to asymmetric development, otherwise known as fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Several attempts to unravel the biological meaning of FA have been made, yet the main step in estimating FA is to remove the effects of directional asymmetry (DA), which is defined as the average bilateral asymmetry at the population level. Here, we demonstrate in a multivariate context that the conventional method of DA correction does not adequately compensate for the effects of DA in other dimensions of asymmetry. This appears to be due to the presence of between-individual variation along the DA dimension. Consequently, we propose to decompose asymmetry into its different orthogonal dimensions, where we introduce a new measure of asymmetry, namely fluctuating directional asymmetry (F-DA). This measure describes individual variation in the dimension of DA, and can be used to adequately correct the asymmetry measurements for the presence of DA. We provide evidence that this measure can be useful in disentangling the different dimensions of asymmetry, and further studies on this measure can provide valuable insight into the underlying biological processes leading to these different asymmetry dimensions.
abstract_unstemmed	Many studies have suggested that developmental instability (DI) could lead to asymmetric development, otherwise known as fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Several attempts to unravel the biological meaning of FA have been made, yet the main step in estimating FA is to remove the effects of directional asymmetry (DA), which is defined as the average bilateral asymmetry at the population level. Here, we demonstrate in a multivariate context that the conventional method of DA correction does not adequately compensate for the effects of DA in other dimensions of asymmetry. This appears to be due to the presence of between-individual variation along the DA dimension. Consequently, we propose to decompose asymmetry into its different orthogonal dimensions, where we introduce a new measure of asymmetry, namely fluctuating directional asymmetry (F-DA). This measure describes individual variation in the dimension of DA, and can be used to adequately correct the asymmetry measurements for the presence of DA. We provide evidence that this measure can be useful in disentangling the different dimensions of asymmetry, and further studies on this measure can provide valuable insight into the underlying biological processes leading to these different asymmetry dimensions.
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title_short	A Multivariate Approach to Determine the Dimensionality of Human Facial Asymmetry
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A Multivariate Approach to Determine the Dimensionality of Human Facial Asymmetry

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