Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders

In this study, we determined the effects of caponization on the growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou ganders. Fifty sham operated geese (the control group) and 80 caponized geese (the caponized group) were selected at 150 days of age and reared until 240 days of age. At 210 days of age,...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

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Autor*in:	Mingming Lei [verfasserIn] Xiaolu Qu [verfasserIn] Zichun Dai [verfasserIn] Rong Chen [verfasserIn] Huanxi Zhu [verfasserIn] Zhendan Shi [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	gander caponization live weight gene expression

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Animals - MDPI AG, 2011, 12(2022), 11, p 1364
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2022 ; number:11, p 1364

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ani12111364

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ079789307

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allfields	10.3390/ani12111364 doi (DE-627)DOAJ079789307 (DE-599)DOAJ2c78e2b93bf14dff95a185245f26eed1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 QL1-991 Mingming Lei verfasserin aut Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In this study, we determined the effects of caponization on the growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou ganders. Fifty sham operated geese (the control group) and 80 caponized geese (the caponized group) were selected at 150 days of age and reared until 240 days of age. At 210 days of age, 30 geese from the caponized group were selected and fed with testosterone propionate (testosterone group). The results showed that caponization lowered testosterone and increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum, live weights, average 15 day gains, and feed intake. Abdominal fat and intramuscular fat were significantly higher in the caponized geese than in the control at 240 days. Gene expression analysis showed that caponization promoted abdominal fat deposition and intermuscular fat content by upregulating the expression of adipogenic genes in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The high expression of <i<SOCS3</i< in the hypothalamus, liver, and muscle of caponized geese suggests that caponization may lead to negative feedback regulation and leptin resistance. Changes in the expression of these genes, along with the downregulation of <i<PAX3</i< in the breast muscle and <i<MYOG</i< in the leg muscles, indicate that caponization increases the live weight mainly by increasing fat deposition rather than muscle growth. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of caponization on growth performance and fat deposition in ganders. gander caponization live weight gene expression Veterinary medicine Zoology Xiaolu Qu verfasserin aut Zichun Dai verfasserin aut Rong Chen verfasserin aut Huanxi Zhu verfasserin aut Zhendan Shi verfasserin aut In Animals MDPI AG, 2011 12(2022), 11, p 1364 (DE-627)657589306 (DE-600)2606558-7 20762615 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:11, p 1364 https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111364 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2c78e2b93bf14dff95a185245f26eed1 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/11/1364 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 11, p 1364
spelling	10.3390/ani12111364 doi (DE-627)DOAJ079789307 (DE-599)DOAJ2c78e2b93bf14dff95a185245f26eed1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 QL1-991 Mingming Lei verfasserin aut Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In this study, we determined the effects of caponization on the growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou ganders. Fifty sham operated geese (the control group) and 80 caponized geese (the caponized group) were selected at 150 days of age and reared until 240 days of age. At 210 days of age, 30 geese from the caponized group were selected and fed with testosterone propionate (testosterone group). The results showed that caponization lowered testosterone and increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum, live weights, average 15 day gains, and feed intake. Abdominal fat and intramuscular fat were significantly higher in the caponized geese than in the control at 240 days. Gene expression analysis showed that caponization promoted abdominal fat deposition and intermuscular fat content by upregulating the expression of adipogenic genes in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The high expression of <i<SOCS3</i< in the hypothalamus, liver, and muscle of caponized geese suggests that caponization may lead to negative feedback regulation and leptin resistance. Changes in the expression of these genes, along with the downregulation of <i<PAX3</i< in the breast muscle and <i<MYOG</i< in the leg muscles, indicate that caponization increases the live weight mainly by increasing fat deposition rather than muscle growth. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of caponization on growth performance and fat deposition in ganders. gander caponization live weight gene expression Veterinary medicine Zoology Xiaolu Qu verfasserin aut Zichun Dai verfasserin aut Rong Chen verfasserin aut Huanxi Zhu verfasserin aut Zhendan Shi verfasserin aut In Animals MDPI AG, 2011 12(2022), 11, p 1364 (DE-627)657589306 (DE-600)2606558-7 20762615 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:11, p 1364 https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111364 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2c78e2b93bf14dff95a185245f26eed1 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/11/1364 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 11, p 1364
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/ani12111364 doi (DE-627)DOAJ079789307 (DE-599)DOAJ2c78e2b93bf14dff95a185245f26eed1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 QL1-991 Mingming Lei verfasserin aut Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In this study, we determined the effects of caponization on the growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou ganders. Fifty sham operated geese (the control group) and 80 caponized geese (the caponized group) were selected at 150 days of age and reared until 240 days of age. At 210 days of age, 30 geese from the caponized group were selected and fed with testosterone propionate (testosterone group). The results showed that caponization lowered testosterone and increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum, live weights, average 15 day gains, and feed intake. Abdominal fat and intramuscular fat were significantly higher in the caponized geese than in the control at 240 days. Gene expression analysis showed that caponization promoted abdominal fat deposition and intermuscular fat content by upregulating the expression of adipogenic genes in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The high expression of <i<SOCS3</i< in the hypothalamus, liver, and muscle of caponized geese suggests that caponization may lead to negative feedback regulation and leptin resistance. Changes in the expression of these genes, along with the downregulation of <i<PAX3</i< in the breast muscle and <i<MYOG</i< in the leg muscles, indicate that caponization increases the live weight mainly by increasing fat deposition rather than muscle growth. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of caponization on growth performance and fat deposition in ganders. gander caponization live weight gene expression Veterinary medicine Zoology Xiaolu Qu verfasserin aut Zichun Dai verfasserin aut Rong Chen verfasserin aut Huanxi Zhu verfasserin aut Zhendan Shi verfasserin aut In Animals MDPI AG, 2011 12(2022), 11, p 1364 (DE-627)657589306 (DE-600)2606558-7 20762615 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:11, p 1364 https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111364 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2c78e2b93bf14dff95a185245f26eed1 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/11/1364 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 11, p 1364
allfieldsGer	10.3390/ani12111364 doi (DE-627)DOAJ079789307 (DE-599)DOAJ2c78e2b93bf14dff95a185245f26eed1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 QL1-991 Mingming Lei verfasserin aut Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In this study, we determined the effects of caponization on the growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou ganders. Fifty sham operated geese (the control group) and 80 caponized geese (the caponized group) were selected at 150 days of age and reared until 240 days of age. At 210 days of age, 30 geese from the caponized group were selected and fed with testosterone propionate (testosterone group). The results showed that caponization lowered testosterone and increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum, live weights, average 15 day gains, and feed intake. Abdominal fat and intramuscular fat were significantly higher in the caponized geese than in the control at 240 days. Gene expression analysis showed that caponization promoted abdominal fat deposition and intermuscular fat content by upregulating the expression of adipogenic genes in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The high expression of <i<SOCS3</i< in the hypothalamus, liver, and muscle of caponized geese suggests that caponization may lead to negative feedback regulation and leptin resistance. Changes in the expression of these genes, along with the downregulation of <i<PAX3</i< in the breast muscle and <i<MYOG</i< in the leg muscles, indicate that caponization increases the live weight mainly by increasing fat deposition rather than muscle growth. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of caponization on growth performance and fat deposition in ganders. gander caponization live weight gene expression Veterinary medicine Zoology Xiaolu Qu verfasserin aut Zichun Dai verfasserin aut Rong Chen verfasserin aut Huanxi Zhu verfasserin aut Zhendan Shi verfasserin aut In Animals MDPI AG, 2011 12(2022), 11, p 1364 (DE-627)657589306 (DE-600)2606558-7 20762615 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:11, p 1364 https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111364 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2c78e2b93bf14dff95a185245f26eed1 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/11/1364 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 11, p 1364
allfieldsSound	10.3390/ani12111364 doi (DE-627)DOAJ079789307 (DE-599)DOAJ2c78e2b93bf14dff95a185245f26eed1 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 QL1-991 Mingming Lei verfasserin aut Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In this study, we determined the effects of caponization on the growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou ganders. Fifty sham operated geese (the control group) and 80 caponized geese (the caponized group) were selected at 150 days of age and reared until 240 days of age. At 210 days of age, 30 geese from the caponized group were selected and fed with testosterone propionate (testosterone group). The results showed that caponization lowered testosterone and increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum, live weights, average 15 day gains, and feed intake. Abdominal fat and intramuscular fat were significantly higher in the caponized geese than in the control at 240 days. Gene expression analysis showed that caponization promoted abdominal fat deposition and intermuscular fat content by upregulating the expression of adipogenic genes in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The high expression of <i<SOCS3</i< in the hypothalamus, liver, and muscle of caponized geese suggests that caponization may lead to negative feedback regulation and leptin resistance. Changes in the expression of these genes, along with the downregulation of <i<PAX3</i< in the breast muscle and <i<MYOG</i< in the leg muscles, indicate that caponization increases the live weight mainly by increasing fat deposition rather than muscle growth. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of caponization on growth performance and fat deposition in ganders. gander caponization live weight gene expression Veterinary medicine Zoology Xiaolu Qu verfasserin aut Zichun Dai verfasserin aut Rong Chen verfasserin aut Huanxi Zhu verfasserin aut Zhendan Shi verfasserin aut In Animals MDPI AG, 2011 12(2022), 11, p 1364 (DE-627)657589306 (DE-600)2606558-7 20762615 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:11, p 1364 https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111364 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2c78e2b93bf14dff95a185245f26eed1 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/11/1364 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 11, p 1364
language	English
source	In Animals 12(2022), 11, p 1364 volume:12 year:2022 number:11, p 1364
sourceStr	In Animals 12(2022), 11, p 1364 volume:12 year:2022 number:11, p 1364
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	gander caponization live weight gene expression Veterinary medicine Zoology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Animals
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Mingming Lei @@aut@@ Xiaolu Qu @@aut@@ Zichun Dai @@aut@@ Rong Chen @@aut@@ Huanxi Zhu @@aut@@ Zhendan Shi @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	657589306
id	DOAJ079789307
language_de	englisch
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callnumber-first	S - Agriculture
author	Mingming Lei
spellingShingle	Mingming Lei misc SF600-1100 misc QL1-991 misc gander misc caponization misc live weight misc gene expression misc Veterinary medicine misc Zoology Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders
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topic_title	SF600-1100 QL1-991 Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders gander caponization live weight gene expression
topic	misc SF600-1100 misc QL1-991 misc gander misc caponization misc live weight misc gene expression misc Veterinary medicine misc Zoology
topic_unstemmed	misc SF600-1100 misc QL1-991 misc gander misc caponization misc live weight misc gene expression misc Veterinary medicine misc Zoology
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title	Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders
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title_full	Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders
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author_browse	Mingming Lei Xiaolu Qu Zichun Dai Rong Chen Huanxi Zhu Zhendan Shi
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title_sort	effects of caponization on growth performance and carcass composition of yangzhou ganders
callnumber	SF600-1100
title_auth	Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders
abstract	In this study, we determined the effects of caponization on the growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou ganders. Fifty sham operated geese (the control group) and 80 caponized geese (the caponized group) were selected at 150 days of age and reared until 240 days of age. At 210 days of age, 30 geese from the caponized group were selected and fed with testosterone propionate (testosterone group). The results showed that caponization lowered testosterone and increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum, live weights, average 15 day gains, and feed intake. Abdominal fat and intramuscular fat were significantly higher in the caponized geese than in the control at 240 days. Gene expression analysis showed that caponization promoted abdominal fat deposition and intermuscular fat content by upregulating the expression of adipogenic genes in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The high expression of <i<SOCS3</i< in the hypothalamus, liver, and muscle of caponized geese suggests that caponization may lead to negative feedback regulation and leptin resistance. Changes in the expression of these genes, along with the downregulation of <i<PAX3</i< in the breast muscle and <i<MYOG</i< in the leg muscles, indicate that caponization increases the live weight mainly by increasing fat deposition rather than muscle growth. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of caponization on growth performance and fat deposition in ganders.
abstractGer	In this study, we determined the effects of caponization on the growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou ganders. Fifty sham operated geese (the control group) and 80 caponized geese (the caponized group) were selected at 150 days of age and reared until 240 days of age. At 210 days of age, 30 geese from the caponized group were selected and fed with testosterone propionate (testosterone group). The results showed that caponization lowered testosterone and increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum, live weights, average 15 day gains, and feed intake. Abdominal fat and intramuscular fat were significantly higher in the caponized geese than in the control at 240 days. Gene expression analysis showed that caponization promoted abdominal fat deposition and intermuscular fat content by upregulating the expression of adipogenic genes in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The high expression of <i<SOCS3</i< in the hypothalamus, liver, and muscle of caponized geese suggests that caponization may lead to negative feedback regulation and leptin resistance. Changes in the expression of these genes, along with the downregulation of <i<PAX3</i< in the breast muscle and <i<MYOG</i< in the leg muscles, indicate that caponization increases the live weight mainly by increasing fat deposition rather than muscle growth. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of caponization on growth performance and fat deposition in ganders.
abstract_unstemmed	In this study, we determined the effects of caponization on the growth performance and carcass traits of Yangzhou ganders. Fifty sham operated geese (the control group) and 80 caponized geese (the caponized group) were selected at 150 days of age and reared until 240 days of age. At 210 days of age, 30 geese from the caponized group were selected and fed with testosterone propionate (testosterone group). The results showed that caponization lowered testosterone and increased the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum, live weights, average 15 day gains, and feed intake. Abdominal fat and intramuscular fat were significantly higher in the caponized geese than in the control at 240 days. Gene expression analysis showed that caponization promoted abdominal fat deposition and intermuscular fat content by upregulating the expression of adipogenic genes in the liver, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue. The high expression of <i<SOCS3</i< in the hypothalamus, liver, and muscle of caponized geese suggests that caponization may lead to negative feedback regulation and leptin resistance. Changes in the expression of these genes, along with the downregulation of <i<PAX3</i< in the breast muscle and <i<MYOG</i< in the leg muscles, indicate that caponization increases the live weight mainly by increasing fat deposition rather than muscle growth. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of caponization on growth performance and fat deposition in ganders.
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title_short	Effects of Caponization on Growth Performance and Carcass Composition of Yangzhou Ganders
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