Comparative proteomics of human milk casein fraction collected from women of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China
IntroductionHuman breast milk provides neonates with indispensable nutrition and function. Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature mi...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Cuina Wang [verfasserIn] Yingcong Lu [verfasserIn] Jia Hu [verfasserIn] Yang Yang [verfasserIn] Jianjun Cheng [verfasserIn] Shilong Jiang [verfasserIn] Mingruo Guo [verfasserIn] |
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Englisch |
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2023 |
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In: Frontiers in Nutrition - Frontiers Media S.A., 2014, 10(2023) |
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volume:10 ; year:2023 |
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DOI / URN: |
10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ081619804 |
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520 | |a IntroductionHuman breast milk provides neonates with indispensable nutrition and function. Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature milk of healthy mothers of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics.ResultsA total of 535 proteins were identified and quantified in casein fraction samples from both groups. A total of 528 proteins were annotated to 52 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, the majority (94.13%) of which were distributed in the cell and cell parts of the cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 106 proteins were involved in 23 pathways, the greatest (36.79%) in carbohydrate metabolism. There were 39 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)–10 upregulated and 29 downregulated–between Korean and Han milk. The GO function of blood microparticles and KEGG pathway of Staphylococcus aureus infection for DEPs were the most significantly enriched (p < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a network with 23 DEPs in 47 interactions, and the fibrinogen alpha chain ranked first as the hub protein.DiscussionThese data may provide useful technical guidance for the development of specific infant foods for certain populations. | ||
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10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081619804 (DE-599)DOAJ3507fe63d286483eba5b5e46e2082400 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TX341-641 Cuina Wang verfasserin aut Comparative proteomics of human milk casein fraction collected from women of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionHuman breast milk provides neonates with indispensable nutrition and function. Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature milk of healthy mothers of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics.ResultsA total of 535 proteins were identified and quantified in casein fraction samples from both groups. A total of 528 proteins were annotated to 52 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, the majority (94.13%) of which were distributed in the cell and cell parts of the cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 106 proteins were involved in 23 pathways, the greatest (36.79%) in carbohydrate metabolism. There were 39 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)–10 upregulated and 29 downregulated–between Korean and Han milk. The GO function of blood microparticles and KEGG pathway of Staphylococcus aureus infection for DEPs were the most significantly enriched (p < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a network with 23 DEPs in 47 interactions, and the fibrinogen alpha chain ranked first as the hub protein.DiscussionThese data may provide useful technical guidance for the development of specific infant foods for certain populations. human milk casein DIA technique function annotation Korean group Nutrition. Foods and food supply Yingcong Lu verfasserin aut Jia Hu verfasserin aut Yang Yang verfasserin aut Jianjun Cheng verfasserin aut Shilong Jiang verfasserin aut Mingruo Guo verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Nutrition Frontiers Media S.A., 2014 10(2023) (DE-627)790231158 (DE-600)2776676-7 2296861X nnns volume:10 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3507fe63d286483eba5b5e46e2082400 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2296-861X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2023 |
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10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081619804 (DE-599)DOAJ3507fe63d286483eba5b5e46e2082400 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TX341-641 Cuina Wang verfasserin aut Comparative proteomics of human milk casein fraction collected from women of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionHuman breast milk provides neonates with indispensable nutrition and function. Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature milk of healthy mothers of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics.ResultsA total of 535 proteins were identified and quantified in casein fraction samples from both groups. A total of 528 proteins were annotated to 52 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, the majority (94.13%) of which were distributed in the cell and cell parts of the cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 106 proteins were involved in 23 pathways, the greatest (36.79%) in carbohydrate metabolism. There were 39 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)–10 upregulated and 29 downregulated–between Korean and Han milk. The GO function of blood microparticles and KEGG pathway of Staphylococcus aureus infection for DEPs were the most significantly enriched (p < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a network with 23 DEPs in 47 interactions, and the fibrinogen alpha chain ranked first as the hub protein.DiscussionThese data may provide useful technical guidance for the development of specific infant foods for certain populations. human milk casein DIA technique function annotation Korean group Nutrition. Foods and food supply Yingcong Lu verfasserin aut Jia Hu verfasserin aut Yang Yang verfasserin aut Jianjun Cheng verfasserin aut Shilong Jiang verfasserin aut Mingruo Guo verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Nutrition Frontiers Media S.A., 2014 10(2023) (DE-627)790231158 (DE-600)2776676-7 2296861X nnns volume:10 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3507fe63d286483eba5b5e46e2082400 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2296-861X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2023 |
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10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081619804 (DE-599)DOAJ3507fe63d286483eba5b5e46e2082400 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TX341-641 Cuina Wang verfasserin aut Comparative proteomics of human milk casein fraction collected from women of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionHuman breast milk provides neonates with indispensable nutrition and function. Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature milk of healthy mothers of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics.ResultsA total of 535 proteins were identified and quantified in casein fraction samples from both groups. A total of 528 proteins were annotated to 52 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, the majority (94.13%) of which were distributed in the cell and cell parts of the cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 106 proteins were involved in 23 pathways, the greatest (36.79%) in carbohydrate metabolism. There were 39 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)–10 upregulated and 29 downregulated–between Korean and Han milk. The GO function of blood microparticles and KEGG pathway of Staphylococcus aureus infection for DEPs were the most significantly enriched (p < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a network with 23 DEPs in 47 interactions, and the fibrinogen alpha chain ranked first as the hub protein.DiscussionThese data may provide useful technical guidance for the development of specific infant foods for certain populations. human milk casein DIA technique function annotation Korean group Nutrition. Foods and food supply Yingcong Lu verfasserin aut Jia Hu verfasserin aut Yang Yang verfasserin aut Jianjun Cheng verfasserin aut Shilong Jiang verfasserin aut Mingruo Guo verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Nutrition Frontiers Media S.A., 2014 10(2023) (DE-627)790231158 (DE-600)2776676-7 2296861X nnns volume:10 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3507fe63d286483eba5b5e46e2082400 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2296-861X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2023 |
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10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081619804 (DE-599)DOAJ3507fe63d286483eba5b5e46e2082400 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TX341-641 Cuina Wang verfasserin aut Comparative proteomics of human milk casein fraction collected from women of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionHuman breast milk provides neonates with indispensable nutrition and function. Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature milk of healthy mothers of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics.ResultsA total of 535 proteins were identified and quantified in casein fraction samples from both groups. A total of 528 proteins were annotated to 52 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, the majority (94.13%) of which were distributed in the cell and cell parts of the cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 106 proteins were involved in 23 pathways, the greatest (36.79%) in carbohydrate metabolism. There were 39 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)–10 upregulated and 29 downregulated–between Korean and Han milk. The GO function of blood microparticles and KEGG pathway of Staphylococcus aureus infection for DEPs were the most significantly enriched (p < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a network with 23 DEPs in 47 interactions, and the fibrinogen alpha chain ranked first as the hub protein.DiscussionThese data may provide useful technical guidance for the development of specific infant foods for certain populations. human milk casein DIA technique function annotation Korean group Nutrition. Foods and food supply Yingcong Lu verfasserin aut Jia Hu verfasserin aut Yang Yang verfasserin aut Jianjun Cheng verfasserin aut Shilong Jiang verfasserin aut Mingruo Guo verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Nutrition Frontiers Media S.A., 2014 10(2023) (DE-627)790231158 (DE-600)2776676-7 2296861X nnns volume:10 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3507fe63d286483eba5b5e46e2082400 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2296-861X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2023 |
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10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081619804 (DE-599)DOAJ3507fe63d286483eba5b5e46e2082400 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TX341-641 Cuina Wang verfasserin aut Comparative proteomics of human milk casein fraction collected from women of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier IntroductionHuman breast milk provides neonates with indispensable nutrition and function. Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature milk of healthy mothers of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics.ResultsA total of 535 proteins were identified and quantified in casein fraction samples from both groups. A total of 528 proteins were annotated to 52 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, the majority (94.13%) of which were distributed in the cell and cell parts of the cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 106 proteins were involved in 23 pathways, the greatest (36.79%) in carbohydrate metabolism. There were 39 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)–10 upregulated and 29 downregulated–between Korean and Han milk. The GO function of blood microparticles and KEGG pathway of Staphylococcus aureus infection for DEPs were the most significantly enriched (p < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a network with 23 DEPs in 47 interactions, and the fibrinogen alpha chain ranked first as the hub protein.DiscussionThese data may provide useful technical guidance for the development of specific infant foods for certain populations. human milk casein DIA technique function annotation Korean group Nutrition. Foods and food supply Yingcong Lu verfasserin aut Jia Hu verfasserin aut Yang Yang verfasserin aut Jianjun Cheng verfasserin aut Shilong Jiang verfasserin aut Mingruo Guo verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Nutrition Frontiers Media S.A., 2014 10(2023) (DE-627)790231158 (DE-600)2776676-7 2296861X nnns volume:10 year:2023 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3507fe63d286483eba5b5e46e2082400 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1078355/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2296-861X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2023 |
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Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature milk of healthy mothers of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics.ResultsA total of 535 proteins were identified and quantified in casein fraction samples from both groups. A total of 528 proteins were annotated to 52 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, the majority (94.13%) of which were distributed in the cell and cell parts of the cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 106 proteins were involved in 23 pathways, the greatest (36.79%) in carbohydrate metabolism. There were 39 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)–10 upregulated and 29 downregulated–between Korean and Han milk. The GO function of blood microparticles and KEGG pathway of Staphylococcus aureus infection for DEPs were the most significantly enriched (p &lt; 0.05). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a network with 23 DEPs in 47 interactions, and the fibrinogen alpha chain ranked first as the hub protein.DiscussionThese data may provide useful technical guidance for the development of specific infant foods for certain populations.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">human milk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">casein</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">DIA technique</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">function annotation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Korean group</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Nutrition. 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Comparative proteomics of human milk casein fraction collected from women of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China |
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IntroductionHuman breast milk provides neonates with indispensable nutrition and function. Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature milk of healthy mothers of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics.ResultsA total of 535 proteins were identified and quantified in casein fraction samples from both groups. A total of 528 proteins were annotated to 52 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, the majority (94.13%) of which were distributed in the cell and cell parts of the cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 106 proteins were involved in 23 pathways, the greatest (36.79%) in carbohydrate metabolism. There were 39 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)–10 upregulated and 29 downregulated–between Korean and Han milk. The GO function of blood microparticles and KEGG pathway of Staphylococcus aureus infection for DEPs were the most significantly enriched (p < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a network with 23 DEPs in 47 interactions, and the fibrinogen alpha chain ranked first as the hub protein.DiscussionThese data may provide useful technical guidance for the development of specific infant foods for certain populations. |
abstractGer |
IntroductionHuman breast milk provides neonates with indispensable nutrition and function. Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature milk of healthy mothers of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics.ResultsA total of 535 proteins were identified and quantified in casein fraction samples from both groups. A total of 528 proteins were annotated to 52 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, the majority (94.13%) of which were distributed in the cell and cell parts of the cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 106 proteins were involved in 23 pathways, the greatest (36.79%) in carbohydrate metabolism. There were 39 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)–10 upregulated and 29 downregulated–between Korean and Han milk. The GO function of blood microparticles and KEGG pathway of Staphylococcus aureus infection for DEPs were the most significantly enriched (p < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a network with 23 DEPs in 47 interactions, and the fibrinogen alpha chain ranked first as the hub protein.DiscussionThese data may provide useful technical guidance for the development of specific infant foods for certain populations. |
abstract_unstemmed |
IntroductionHuman breast milk provides neonates with indispensable nutrition and function. Milk protein is one of the main constituents of breast milk. Human milk profiles can be influenced by many factors.MethodsThe present study aimed to investigate the difference in casein isolated from mature milk of healthy mothers of Korean and Han ethnic groups in China using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics.ResultsA total of 535 proteins were identified and quantified in casein fraction samples from both groups. A total of 528 proteins were annotated to 52 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, the majority (94.13%) of which were distributed in the cell and cell parts of the cellular component. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 106 proteins were involved in 23 pathways, the greatest (36.79%) in carbohydrate metabolism. There were 39 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs)–10 upregulated and 29 downregulated–between Korean and Han milk. The GO function of blood microparticles and KEGG pathway of Staphylococcus aureus infection for DEPs were the most significantly enriched (p < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed a network with 23 DEPs in 47 interactions, and the fibrinogen alpha chain ranked first as the hub protein.DiscussionThese data may provide useful technical guidance for the development of specific infant foods for certain populations. |
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