Influence of Temperature during Freeze-Drying Process on the Viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S
Maintaining optimum temperature during freeze-drying is crucial to ensuring the viability of strains. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pre-freezing, sublimation and desorption temperatures on the viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S (BB68S). Moreover, we examined the...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Yue Sang [verfasserIn] Jian Wang [verfasserIn] Yongxiang Zhang [verfasserIn] Haina Gao [verfasserIn] Shaoyang Ge [verfasserIn] Haihong Feng [verfasserIn] Yan Zhang [verfasserIn] Fazheng Ren [verfasserIn] Pengcheng Wen [verfasserIn] Ran Wang [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2023 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Microorganisms - MDPI AG, 2013, 11(2023), 1, p 181 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:11 ; year:2023 ; number:1, p 181 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.3390/microorganisms11010181 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ081738846 |
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10.3390/microorganisms11010181 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081738846 (DE-599)DOAJ88cef6d50bd449ca99464822f2b64a92 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Yue Sang verfasserin aut Influence of Temperature during Freeze-Drying Process on the Viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Maintaining optimum temperature during freeze-drying is crucial to ensuring the viability of strains. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pre-freezing, sublimation and desorption temperatures on the viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S (BB68S). Moreover, we examined the water content, water activity, enzyme activities, and scanning electron microscope of BB68S to explore mechanisms underpinning the effect of temperature on viability. Our analyses revealed the highest survival rates of BB68S collected after pre-freezing and sublimation drying at −40 °C (94.9 ± 2.2%) and −10 °C (65.4 ± 3.8%), respectively. Additionally, response surface methodology demonstrated that the optimum conditions for freeze-drying of BB68S were pre-freezing temperature at −45.52 °C and sublimation temperature at −6.58 °C, and the verification test showed that survival rates of BB68S could reach 69.2 ± 3.8%. Most of the vitality loss occurred during the sublimation drying phase. Further studies showed that different sublimation temperatures affected water content and activity, β-galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, Na<sup<+</sup<-K<sup<+</sup<-ATP and Ca<sup<2+</sup<-Mg<sup<2+</sup<-ATP activities. In conclusion, the temperature during freeze-drying, especially sublimation temperature, is a key factor affecting the survival rate of BB68S, and the vitality loss during freeze-drying process might be due to compromised cell membrane integrity and permeability. freeze-drying pre-freezing temperature sublimation temperature <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< Biology (General) Jian Wang verfasserin aut Yongxiang Zhang verfasserin aut Haina Gao verfasserin aut Shaoyang Ge verfasserin aut Haihong Feng verfasserin aut Yan Zhang verfasserin aut Fazheng Ren verfasserin aut Pengcheng Wen verfasserin aut Ran Wang verfasserin aut In Microorganisms MDPI AG, 2013 11(2023), 1, p 181 (DE-627)750370696 (DE-600)2720891-6 20762607 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 181 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010181 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88cef6d50bd449ca99464822f2b64a92 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/181 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1, p 181 |
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10.3390/microorganisms11010181 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081738846 (DE-599)DOAJ88cef6d50bd449ca99464822f2b64a92 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Yue Sang verfasserin aut Influence of Temperature during Freeze-Drying Process on the Viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Maintaining optimum temperature during freeze-drying is crucial to ensuring the viability of strains. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pre-freezing, sublimation and desorption temperatures on the viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S (BB68S). Moreover, we examined the water content, water activity, enzyme activities, and scanning electron microscope of BB68S to explore mechanisms underpinning the effect of temperature on viability. Our analyses revealed the highest survival rates of BB68S collected after pre-freezing and sublimation drying at −40 °C (94.9 ± 2.2%) and −10 °C (65.4 ± 3.8%), respectively. Additionally, response surface methodology demonstrated that the optimum conditions for freeze-drying of BB68S were pre-freezing temperature at −45.52 °C and sublimation temperature at −6.58 °C, and the verification test showed that survival rates of BB68S could reach 69.2 ± 3.8%. Most of the vitality loss occurred during the sublimation drying phase. Further studies showed that different sublimation temperatures affected water content and activity, β-galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, Na<sup<+</sup<-K<sup<+</sup<-ATP and Ca<sup<2+</sup<-Mg<sup<2+</sup<-ATP activities. In conclusion, the temperature during freeze-drying, especially sublimation temperature, is a key factor affecting the survival rate of BB68S, and the vitality loss during freeze-drying process might be due to compromised cell membrane integrity and permeability. freeze-drying pre-freezing temperature sublimation temperature <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< Biology (General) Jian Wang verfasserin aut Yongxiang Zhang verfasserin aut Haina Gao verfasserin aut Shaoyang Ge verfasserin aut Haihong Feng verfasserin aut Yan Zhang verfasserin aut Fazheng Ren verfasserin aut Pengcheng Wen verfasserin aut Ran Wang verfasserin aut In Microorganisms MDPI AG, 2013 11(2023), 1, p 181 (DE-627)750370696 (DE-600)2720891-6 20762607 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 181 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010181 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88cef6d50bd449ca99464822f2b64a92 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/181 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1, p 181 |
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10.3390/microorganisms11010181 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081738846 (DE-599)DOAJ88cef6d50bd449ca99464822f2b64a92 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Yue Sang verfasserin aut Influence of Temperature during Freeze-Drying Process on the Viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Maintaining optimum temperature during freeze-drying is crucial to ensuring the viability of strains. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pre-freezing, sublimation and desorption temperatures on the viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S (BB68S). Moreover, we examined the water content, water activity, enzyme activities, and scanning electron microscope of BB68S to explore mechanisms underpinning the effect of temperature on viability. Our analyses revealed the highest survival rates of BB68S collected after pre-freezing and sublimation drying at −40 °C (94.9 ± 2.2%) and −10 °C (65.4 ± 3.8%), respectively. Additionally, response surface methodology demonstrated that the optimum conditions for freeze-drying of BB68S were pre-freezing temperature at −45.52 °C and sublimation temperature at −6.58 °C, and the verification test showed that survival rates of BB68S could reach 69.2 ± 3.8%. Most of the vitality loss occurred during the sublimation drying phase. Further studies showed that different sublimation temperatures affected water content and activity, β-galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, Na<sup<+</sup<-K<sup<+</sup<-ATP and Ca<sup<2+</sup<-Mg<sup<2+</sup<-ATP activities. In conclusion, the temperature during freeze-drying, especially sublimation temperature, is a key factor affecting the survival rate of BB68S, and the vitality loss during freeze-drying process might be due to compromised cell membrane integrity and permeability. freeze-drying pre-freezing temperature sublimation temperature <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< Biology (General) Jian Wang verfasserin aut Yongxiang Zhang verfasserin aut Haina Gao verfasserin aut Shaoyang Ge verfasserin aut Haihong Feng verfasserin aut Yan Zhang verfasserin aut Fazheng Ren verfasserin aut Pengcheng Wen verfasserin aut Ran Wang verfasserin aut In Microorganisms MDPI AG, 2013 11(2023), 1, p 181 (DE-627)750370696 (DE-600)2720891-6 20762607 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 181 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010181 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88cef6d50bd449ca99464822f2b64a92 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/181 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1, p 181 |
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10.3390/microorganisms11010181 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081738846 (DE-599)DOAJ88cef6d50bd449ca99464822f2b64a92 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Yue Sang verfasserin aut Influence of Temperature during Freeze-Drying Process on the Viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Maintaining optimum temperature during freeze-drying is crucial to ensuring the viability of strains. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pre-freezing, sublimation and desorption temperatures on the viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S (BB68S). Moreover, we examined the water content, water activity, enzyme activities, and scanning electron microscope of BB68S to explore mechanisms underpinning the effect of temperature on viability. Our analyses revealed the highest survival rates of BB68S collected after pre-freezing and sublimation drying at −40 °C (94.9 ± 2.2%) and −10 °C (65.4 ± 3.8%), respectively. Additionally, response surface methodology demonstrated that the optimum conditions for freeze-drying of BB68S were pre-freezing temperature at −45.52 °C and sublimation temperature at −6.58 °C, and the verification test showed that survival rates of BB68S could reach 69.2 ± 3.8%. Most of the vitality loss occurred during the sublimation drying phase. Further studies showed that different sublimation temperatures affected water content and activity, β-galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, Na<sup<+</sup<-K<sup<+</sup<-ATP and Ca<sup<2+</sup<-Mg<sup<2+</sup<-ATP activities. In conclusion, the temperature during freeze-drying, especially sublimation temperature, is a key factor affecting the survival rate of BB68S, and the vitality loss during freeze-drying process might be due to compromised cell membrane integrity and permeability. freeze-drying pre-freezing temperature sublimation temperature <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< Biology (General) Jian Wang verfasserin aut Yongxiang Zhang verfasserin aut Haina Gao verfasserin aut Shaoyang Ge verfasserin aut Haihong Feng verfasserin aut Yan Zhang verfasserin aut Fazheng Ren verfasserin aut Pengcheng Wen verfasserin aut Ran Wang verfasserin aut In Microorganisms MDPI AG, 2013 11(2023), 1, p 181 (DE-627)750370696 (DE-600)2720891-6 20762607 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 181 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010181 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88cef6d50bd449ca99464822f2b64a92 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/181 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1, p 181 |
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10.3390/microorganisms11010181 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081738846 (DE-599)DOAJ88cef6d50bd449ca99464822f2b64a92 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Yue Sang verfasserin aut Influence of Temperature during Freeze-Drying Process on the Viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Maintaining optimum temperature during freeze-drying is crucial to ensuring the viability of strains. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pre-freezing, sublimation and desorption temperatures on the viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S (BB68S). Moreover, we examined the water content, water activity, enzyme activities, and scanning electron microscope of BB68S to explore mechanisms underpinning the effect of temperature on viability. Our analyses revealed the highest survival rates of BB68S collected after pre-freezing and sublimation drying at −40 °C (94.9 ± 2.2%) and −10 °C (65.4 ± 3.8%), respectively. Additionally, response surface methodology demonstrated that the optimum conditions for freeze-drying of BB68S were pre-freezing temperature at −45.52 °C and sublimation temperature at −6.58 °C, and the verification test showed that survival rates of BB68S could reach 69.2 ± 3.8%. Most of the vitality loss occurred during the sublimation drying phase. Further studies showed that different sublimation temperatures affected water content and activity, β-galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, Na<sup<+</sup<-K<sup<+</sup<-ATP and Ca<sup<2+</sup<-Mg<sup<2+</sup<-ATP activities. In conclusion, the temperature during freeze-drying, especially sublimation temperature, is a key factor affecting the survival rate of BB68S, and the vitality loss during freeze-drying process might be due to compromised cell membrane integrity and permeability. freeze-drying pre-freezing temperature sublimation temperature <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< Biology (General) Jian Wang verfasserin aut Yongxiang Zhang verfasserin aut Haina Gao verfasserin aut Shaoyang Ge verfasserin aut Haihong Feng verfasserin aut Yan Zhang verfasserin aut Fazheng Ren verfasserin aut Pengcheng Wen verfasserin aut Ran Wang verfasserin aut In Microorganisms MDPI AG, 2013 11(2023), 1, p 181 (DE-627)750370696 (DE-600)2720891-6 20762607 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 181 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010181 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88cef6d50bd449ca99464822f2b64a92 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/1/181 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1, p 181 |
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QH301-705.5 Influence of Temperature during Freeze-Drying Process on the Viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S freeze-drying pre-freezing temperature sublimation temperature <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< |
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Influence of Temperature during Freeze-Drying Process on the Viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S |
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Maintaining optimum temperature during freeze-drying is crucial to ensuring the viability of strains. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pre-freezing, sublimation and desorption temperatures on the viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S (BB68S). Moreover, we examined the water content, water activity, enzyme activities, and scanning electron microscope of BB68S to explore mechanisms underpinning the effect of temperature on viability. Our analyses revealed the highest survival rates of BB68S collected after pre-freezing and sublimation drying at −40 °C (94.9 ± 2.2%) and −10 °C (65.4 ± 3.8%), respectively. Additionally, response surface methodology demonstrated that the optimum conditions for freeze-drying of BB68S were pre-freezing temperature at −45.52 °C and sublimation temperature at −6.58 °C, and the verification test showed that survival rates of BB68S could reach 69.2 ± 3.8%. Most of the vitality loss occurred during the sublimation drying phase. Further studies showed that different sublimation temperatures affected water content and activity, β-galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, Na<sup<+</sup<-K<sup<+</sup<-ATP and Ca<sup<2+</sup<-Mg<sup<2+</sup<-ATP activities. In conclusion, the temperature during freeze-drying, especially sublimation temperature, is a key factor affecting the survival rate of BB68S, and the vitality loss during freeze-drying process might be due to compromised cell membrane integrity and permeability. |
abstractGer |
Maintaining optimum temperature during freeze-drying is crucial to ensuring the viability of strains. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pre-freezing, sublimation and desorption temperatures on the viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S (BB68S). Moreover, we examined the water content, water activity, enzyme activities, and scanning electron microscope of BB68S to explore mechanisms underpinning the effect of temperature on viability. Our analyses revealed the highest survival rates of BB68S collected after pre-freezing and sublimation drying at −40 °C (94.9 ± 2.2%) and −10 °C (65.4 ± 3.8%), respectively. Additionally, response surface methodology demonstrated that the optimum conditions for freeze-drying of BB68S were pre-freezing temperature at −45.52 °C and sublimation temperature at −6.58 °C, and the verification test showed that survival rates of BB68S could reach 69.2 ± 3.8%. Most of the vitality loss occurred during the sublimation drying phase. Further studies showed that different sublimation temperatures affected water content and activity, β-galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, Na<sup<+</sup<-K<sup<+</sup<-ATP and Ca<sup<2+</sup<-Mg<sup<2+</sup<-ATP activities. In conclusion, the temperature during freeze-drying, especially sublimation temperature, is a key factor affecting the survival rate of BB68S, and the vitality loss during freeze-drying process might be due to compromised cell membrane integrity and permeability. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Maintaining optimum temperature during freeze-drying is crucial to ensuring the viability of strains. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pre-freezing, sublimation and desorption temperatures on the viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S (BB68S). Moreover, we examined the water content, water activity, enzyme activities, and scanning electron microscope of BB68S to explore mechanisms underpinning the effect of temperature on viability. Our analyses revealed the highest survival rates of BB68S collected after pre-freezing and sublimation drying at −40 °C (94.9 ± 2.2%) and −10 °C (65.4 ± 3.8%), respectively. Additionally, response surface methodology demonstrated that the optimum conditions for freeze-drying of BB68S were pre-freezing temperature at −45.52 °C and sublimation temperature at −6.58 °C, and the verification test showed that survival rates of BB68S could reach 69.2 ± 3.8%. Most of the vitality loss occurred during the sublimation drying phase. Further studies showed that different sublimation temperatures affected water content and activity, β-galactosidase, lactate dehydrogenase, Na<sup<+</sup<-K<sup<+</sup<-ATP and Ca<sup<2+</sup<-Mg<sup<2+</sup<-ATP activities. In conclusion, the temperature during freeze-drying, especially sublimation temperature, is a key factor affecting the survival rate of BB68S, and the vitality loss during freeze-drying process might be due to compromised cell membrane integrity and permeability. |
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Influence of Temperature during Freeze-Drying Process on the Viability of <i<Bifidobacterium longum</i< BB68S |
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