Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory

Calcareous sand is a special marine soil rich in calcium carbonate minerals, characterized by brittle particles. It is, therefore, widely used as a filling material in the construction of islands and reefs. In this study, a series of cyclic tri-axial tests were conducted on calcareous sand taken from a reef in the South China Sea under different confining pressures and cyclic stress ratio (<i<CSR</i<). Then, applying the shakedown theory, the cumulative deformation of calcareous sand under a long-term cyclic load of aircraft was evaluated. Results showed that with the increase in the effective confining pressure, the stress–strain curves of calcareous sand showed a change from the strain-softening to the strain-hardening state; the volumetric strain of calcareous sand showed a change from shear shrinkage and then shear expansion to continuous shear shrinkage. Calcareous sand showed three different response behaviors under cyclic load: plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental plastic failure. With the plastic strain rate as the defining index, this study determined the critical <i<CSR</i< of calcareous sand under different shakedown response statuses and found them to increase with the effective confining pressure. The empirical formula for critical stress was established based on the fitting analysis of critical <i<CSR</i< under different confining pressures, taking the confining pressure as the variable. At the early stage of the cyclic load, calcareous sand samples were under compression. When the resilient modulus grew rapidly and the number of loading cycles continued to increase, the particles of calcareous sand samples were crushed, causing the fine particles to fill the voids among coarse particles, further compacting the samples and increasing the resilient modulus of calcareous sand samples. Hardin’s breakage potential model was adopted to quantitatively describe the particle breakage of calcareous sand samples before and after tests. The results indicated that calcareous sand samples produced obvious particle breakage when the <i<CSR</i< was small. As the <i<CSR</i< increased, the extent of the breakage of the sample particles first increased and thereafter stabilized. This study provides a theoretical reference for the assessment of the dynamic stability of calcareous sand subgrade subjected to traffic loads. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Kangyu Wang [verfasserIn] Zhenhuan Chen [verfasserIn] Zhe Wang [verfasserIn] Qianshen Chen [verfasserIn] Dihui Ma [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	calcareous sand cyclic load shakedown analysis cumulative deformation critical dynamic stress

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering - MDPI AG, 2014, 11(2023), 1, p 195
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2023 ; number:1, p 195

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/jmse11010195

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ08176734X

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520			\|a Calcareous sand is a special marine soil rich in calcium carbonate minerals, characterized by brittle particles. It is, therefore, widely used as a filling material in the construction of islands and reefs. In this study, a series of cyclic tri-axial tests were conducted on calcareous sand taken from a reef in the South China Sea under different confining pressures and cyclic stress ratio (<i<CSR</i<). Then, applying the shakedown theory, the cumulative deformation of calcareous sand under a long-term cyclic load of aircraft was evaluated. Results showed that with the increase in the effective confining pressure, the stress–strain curves of calcareous sand showed a change from the strain-softening to the strain-hardening state; the volumetric strain of calcareous sand showed a change from shear shrinkage and then shear expansion to continuous shear shrinkage. Calcareous sand showed three different response behaviors under cyclic load: plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental plastic failure. With the plastic strain rate as the defining index, this study determined the critical <i<CSR</i< of calcareous sand under different shakedown response statuses and found them to increase with the effective confining pressure. The empirical formula for critical stress was established based on the fitting analysis of critical <i<CSR</i< under different confining pressures, taking the confining pressure as the variable. At the early stage of the cyclic load, calcareous sand samples were under compression. When the resilient modulus grew rapidly and the number of loading cycles continued to increase, the particles of calcareous sand samples were crushed, causing the fine particles to fill the voids among coarse particles, further compacting the samples and increasing the resilient modulus of calcareous sand samples. Hardin’s breakage potential model was adopted to quantitatively describe the particle breakage of calcareous sand samples before and after tests. The results indicated that calcareous sand samples produced obvious particle breakage when the <i<CSR</i< was small. As the <i<CSR</i< increased, the extent of the breakage of the sample particles first increased and thereafter stabilized. This study provides a theoretical reference for the assessment of the dynamic stability of calcareous sand subgrade subjected to traffic loads.
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allfields	10.3390/jmse11010195 doi (DE-627)DOAJ08176734X (DE-599)DOAJ70fc4fa917ef4a60ad324e4c27d0c86b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng VM1-989 GC1-1581 Kangyu Wang verfasserin aut Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Calcareous sand is a special marine soil rich in calcium carbonate minerals, characterized by brittle particles. It is, therefore, widely used as a filling material in the construction of islands and reefs. In this study, a series of cyclic tri-axial tests were conducted on calcareous sand taken from a reef in the South China Sea under different confining pressures and cyclic stress ratio (<i<CSR</i<). Then, applying the shakedown theory, the cumulative deformation of calcareous sand under a long-term cyclic load of aircraft was evaluated. Results showed that with the increase in the effective confining pressure, the stress–strain curves of calcareous sand showed a change from the strain-softening to the strain-hardening state; the volumetric strain of calcareous sand showed a change from shear shrinkage and then shear expansion to continuous shear shrinkage. Calcareous sand showed three different response behaviors under cyclic load: plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental plastic failure. With the plastic strain rate as the defining index, this study determined the critical <i<CSR</i< of calcareous sand under different shakedown response statuses and found them to increase with the effective confining pressure. The empirical formula for critical stress was established based on the fitting analysis of critical <i<CSR</i< under different confining pressures, taking the confining pressure as the variable. At the early stage of the cyclic load, calcareous sand samples were under compression. When the resilient modulus grew rapidly and the number of loading cycles continued to increase, the particles of calcareous sand samples were crushed, causing the fine particles to fill the voids among coarse particles, further compacting the samples and increasing the resilient modulus of calcareous sand samples. Hardin’s breakage potential model was adopted to quantitatively describe the particle breakage of calcareous sand samples before and after tests. The results indicated that calcareous sand samples produced obvious particle breakage when the <i<CSR</i< was small. As the <i<CSR</i< increased, the extent of the breakage of the sample particles first increased and thereafter stabilized. This study provides a theoretical reference for the assessment of the dynamic stability of calcareous sand subgrade subjected to traffic loads. calcareous sand cyclic load shakedown analysis cumulative deformation critical dynamic stress Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering Oceanography Zhenhuan Chen verfasserin aut Zhe Wang verfasserin aut Qianshen Chen verfasserin aut Dihui Ma verfasserin aut In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering MDPI AG, 2014 11(2023), 1, p 195 (DE-627)771274181 (DE-600)2738390-8 20771312 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 195 https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010195 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/70fc4fa917ef4a60ad324e4c27d0c86b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/195 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1, p 195
spelling	10.3390/jmse11010195 doi (DE-627)DOAJ08176734X (DE-599)DOAJ70fc4fa917ef4a60ad324e4c27d0c86b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng VM1-989 GC1-1581 Kangyu Wang verfasserin aut Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Calcareous sand is a special marine soil rich in calcium carbonate minerals, characterized by brittle particles. It is, therefore, widely used as a filling material in the construction of islands and reefs. In this study, a series of cyclic tri-axial tests were conducted on calcareous sand taken from a reef in the South China Sea under different confining pressures and cyclic stress ratio (<i<CSR</i<). Then, applying the shakedown theory, the cumulative deformation of calcareous sand under a long-term cyclic load of aircraft was evaluated. Results showed that with the increase in the effective confining pressure, the stress–strain curves of calcareous sand showed a change from the strain-softening to the strain-hardening state; the volumetric strain of calcareous sand showed a change from shear shrinkage and then shear expansion to continuous shear shrinkage. Calcareous sand showed three different response behaviors under cyclic load: plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental plastic failure. With the plastic strain rate as the defining index, this study determined the critical <i<CSR</i< of calcareous sand under different shakedown response statuses and found them to increase with the effective confining pressure. The empirical formula for critical stress was established based on the fitting analysis of critical <i<CSR</i< under different confining pressures, taking the confining pressure as the variable. At the early stage of the cyclic load, calcareous sand samples were under compression. When the resilient modulus grew rapidly and the number of loading cycles continued to increase, the particles of calcareous sand samples were crushed, causing the fine particles to fill the voids among coarse particles, further compacting the samples and increasing the resilient modulus of calcareous sand samples. Hardin’s breakage potential model was adopted to quantitatively describe the particle breakage of calcareous sand samples before and after tests. The results indicated that calcareous sand samples produced obvious particle breakage when the <i<CSR</i< was small. As the <i<CSR</i< increased, the extent of the breakage of the sample particles first increased and thereafter stabilized. This study provides a theoretical reference for the assessment of the dynamic stability of calcareous sand subgrade subjected to traffic loads. calcareous sand cyclic load shakedown analysis cumulative deformation critical dynamic stress Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering Oceanography Zhenhuan Chen verfasserin aut Zhe Wang verfasserin aut Qianshen Chen verfasserin aut Dihui Ma verfasserin aut In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering MDPI AG, 2014 11(2023), 1, p 195 (DE-627)771274181 (DE-600)2738390-8 20771312 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 195 https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010195 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/70fc4fa917ef4a60ad324e4c27d0c86b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/195 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1, p 195
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/jmse11010195 doi (DE-627)DOAJ08176734X (DE-599)DOAJ70fc4fa917ef4a60ad324e4c27d0c86b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng VM1-989 GC1-1581 Kangyu Wang verfasserin aut Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Calcareous sand is a special marine soil rich in calcium carbonate minerals, characterized by brittle particles. It is, therefore, widely used as a filling material in the construction of islands and reefs. In this study, a series of cyclic tri-axial tests were conducted on calcareous sand taken from a reef in the South China Sea under different confining pressures and cyclic stress ratio (<i<CSR</i<). Then, applying the shakedown theory, the cumulative deformation of calcareous sand under a long-term cyclic load of aircraft was evaluated. Results showed that with the increase in the effective confining pressure, the stress–strain curves of calcareous sand showed a change from the strain-softening to the strain-hardening state; the volumetric strain of calcareous sand showed a change from shear shrinkage and then shear expansion to continuous shear shrinkage. Calcareous sand showed three different response behaviors under cyclic load: plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental plastic failure. With the plastic strain rate as the defining index, this study determined the critical <i<CSR</i< of calcareous sand under different shakedown response statuses and found them to increase with the effective confining pressure. The empirical formula for critical stress was established based on the fitting analysis of critical <i<CSR</i< under different confining pressures, taking the confining pressure as the variable. At the early stage of the cyclic load, calcareous sand samples were under compression. When the resilient modulus grew rapidly and the number of loading cycles continued to increase, the particles of calcareous sand samples were crushed, causing the fine particles to fill the voids among coarse particles, further compacting the samples and increasing the resilient modulus of calcareous sand samples. Hardin’s breakage potential model was adopted to quantitatively describe the particle breakage of calcareous sand samples before and after tests. The results indicated that calcareous sand samples produced obvious particle breakage when the <i<CSR</i< was small. As the <i<CSR</i< increased, the extent of the breakage of the sample particles first increased and thereafter stabilized. This study provides a theoretical reference for the assessment of the dynamic stability of calcareous sand subgrade subjected to traffic loads. calcareous sand cyclic load shakedown analysis cumulative deformation critical dynamic stress Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering Oceanography Zhenhuan Chen verfasserin aut Zhe Wang verfasserin aut Qianshen Chen verfasserin aut Dihui Ma verfasserin aut In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering MDPI AG, 2014 11(2023), 1, p 195 (DE-627)771274181 (DE-600)2738390-8 20771312 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 195 https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010195 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/70fc4fa917ef4a60ad324e4c27d0c86b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/195 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1, p 195
allfieldsGer	10.3390/jmse11010195 doi (DE-627)DOAJ08176734X (DE-599)DOAJ70fc4fa917ef4a60ad324e4c27d0c86b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng VM1-989 GC1-1581 Kangyu Wang verfasserin aut Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Calcareous sand is a special marine soil rich in calcium carbonate minerals, characterized by brittle particles. It is, therefore, widely used as a filling material in the construction of islands and reefs. In this study, a series of cyclic tri-axial tests were conducted on calcareous sand taken from a reef in the South China Sea under different confining pressures and cyclic stress ratio (<i<CSR</i<). Then, applying the shakedown theory, the cumulative deformation of calcareous sand under a long-term cyclic load of aircraft was evaluated. Results showed that with the increase in the effective confining pressure, the stress–strain curves of calcareous sand showed a change from the strain-softening to the strain-hardening state; the volumetric strain of calcareous sand showed a change from shear shrinkage and then shear expansion to continuous shear shrinkage. Calcareous sand showed three different response behaviors under cyclic load: plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental plastic failure. With the plastic strain rate as the defining index, this study determined the critical <i<CSR</i< of calcareous sand under different shakedown response statuses and found them to increase with the effective confining pressure. The empirical formula for critical stress was established based on the fitting analysis of critical <i<CSR</i< under different confining pressures, taking the confining pressure as the variable. At the early stage of the cyclic load, calcareous sand samples were under compression. When the resilient modulus grew rapidly and the number of loading cycles continued to increase, the particles of calcareous sand samples were crushed, causing the fine particles to fill the voids among coarse particles, further compacting the samples and increasing the resilient modulus of calcareous sand samples. Hardin’s breakage potential model was adopted to quantitatively describe the particle breakage of calcareous sand samples before and after tests. The results indicated that calcareous sand samples produced obvious particle breakage when the <i<CSR</i< was small. As the <i<CSR</i< increased, the extent of the breakage of the sample particles first increased and thereafter stabilized. This study provides a theoretical reference for the assessment of the dynamic stability of calcareous sand subgrade subjected to traffic loads. calcareous sand cyclic load shakedown analysis cumulative deformation critical dynamic stress Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering Oceanography Zhenhuan Chen verfasserin aut Zhe Wang verfasserin aut Qianshen Chen verfasserin aut Dihui Ma verfasserin aut In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering MDPI AG, 2014 11(2023), 1, p 195 (DE-627)771274181 (DE-600)2738390-8 20771312 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 195 https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010195 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/70fc4fa917ef4a60ad324e4c27d0c86b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/195 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1, p 195
allfieldsSound	10.3390/jmse11010195 doi (DE-627)DOAJ08176734X (DE-599)DOAJ70fc4fa917ef4a60ad324e4c27d0c86b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng VM1-989 GC1-1581 Kangyu Wang verfasserin aut Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Calcareous sand is a special marine soil rich in calcium carbonate minerals, characterized by brittle particles. It is, therefore, widely used as a filling material in the construction of islands and reefs. In this study, a series of cyclic tri-axial tests were conducted on calcareous sand taken from a reef in the South China Sea under different confining pressures and cyclic stress ratio (<i<CSR</i<). Then, applying the shakedown theory, the cumulative deformation of calcareous sand under a long-term cyclic load of aircraft was evaluated. Results showed that with the increase in the effective confining pressure, the stress–strain curves of calcareous sand showed a change from the strain-softening to the strain-hardening state; the volumetric strain of calcareous sand showed a change from shear shrinkage and then shear expansion to continuous shear shrinkage. Calcareous sand showed three different response behaviors under cyclic load: plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental plastic failure. With the plastic strain rate as the defining index, this study determined the critical <i<CSR</i< of calcareous sand under different shakedown response statuses and found them to increase with the effective confining pressure. The empirical formula for critical stress was established based on the fitting analysis of critical <i<CSR</i< under different confining pressures, taking the confining pressure as the variable. At the early stage of the cyclic load, calcareous sand samples were under compression. When the resilient modulus grew rapidly and the number of loading cycles continued to increase, the particles of calcareous sand samples were crushed, causing the fine particles to fill the voids among coarse particles, further compacting the samples and increasing the resilient modulus of calcareous sand samples. Hardin’s breakage potential model was adopted to quantitatively describe the particle breakage of calcareous sand samples before and after tests. The results indicated that calcareous sand samples produced obvious particle breakage when the <i<CSR</i< was small. As the <i<CSR</i< increased, the extent of the breakage of the sample particles first increased and thereafter stabilized. This study provides a theoretical reference for the assessment of the dynamic stability of calcareous sand subgrade subjected to traffic loads. calcareous sand cyclic load shakedown analysis cumulative deformation critical dynamic stress Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering Oceanography Zhenhuan Chen verfasserin aut Zhe Wang verfasserin aut Qianshen Chen verfasserin aut Dihui Ma verfasserin aut In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering MDPI AG, 2014 11(2023), 1, p 195 (DE-627)771274181 (DE-600)2738390-8 20771312 nnns volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 195 https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010195 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/70fc4fa917ef4a60ad324e4c27d0c86b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/195 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2023 1, p 195
language	English
source	In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11(2023), 1, p 195 volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 195
sourceStr	In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11(2023), 1, p 195 volume:11 year:2023 number:1, p 195
format_phy_str_mv	Article
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topic_facet	calcareous sand cyclic load shakedown analysis cumulative deformation critical dynamic stress Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering Oceanography
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container_title	Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Kangyu Wang @@aut@@ Zhenhuan Chen @@aut@@ Zhe Wang @@aut@@ Qianshen Chen @@aut@@ Dihui Ma @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
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callnumber-first	V - Naval Science
author	Kangyu Wang
spellingShingle	Kangyu Wang misc VM1-989 misc GC1-1581 misc calcareous sand misc cyclic load misc shakedown analysis misc cumulative deformation misc critical dynamic stress misc Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering misc Oceanography Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory
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topic_title	VM1-989 GC1-1581 Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory calcareous sand cyclic load shakedown analysis cumulative deformation critical dynamic stress
topic	misc VM1-989 misc GC1-1581 misc calcareous sand misc cyclic load misc shakedown analysis misc cumulative deformation misc critical dynamic stress misc Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering misc Oceanography
topic_unstemmed	misc VM1-989 misc GC1-1581 misc calcareous sand misc cyclic load misc shakedown analysis misc cumulative deformation misc critical dynamic stress misc Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering misc Oceanography
topic_browse	misc VM1-989 misc GC1-1581 misc calcareous sand misc cyclic load misc shakedown analysis misc cumulative deformation misc critical dynamic stress misc Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering misc Oceanography
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hierarchy_parent_title	Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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title	Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory
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title_full	Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory
author_sort	Kangyu Wang
journal	Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
journalStr	Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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author_browse	Kangyu Wang Zhenhuan Chen Zhe Wang Qianshen Chen Dihui Ma
container_volume	11
class	VM1-989 GC1-1581
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author-letter	Kangyu Wang
doi_str_mv	10.3390/jmse11010195
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	critical dynamic stress and cumulative plastic deformation of calcareous sand filler based on shakedown theory
callnumber	VM1-989
title_auth	Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory
abstract	Calcareous sand is a special marine soil rich in calcium carbonate minerals, characterized by brittle particles. It is, therefore, widely used as a filling material in the construction of islands and reefs. In this study, a series of cyclic tri-axial tests were conducted on calcareous sand taken from a reef in the South China Sea under different confining pressures and cyclic stress ratio (<i<CSR</i<). Then, applying the shakedown theory, the cumulative deformation of calcareous sand under a long-term cyclic load of aircraft was evaluated. Results showed that with the increase in the effective confining pressure, the stress–strain curves of calcareous sand showed a change from the strain-softening to the strain-hardening state; the volumetric strain of calcareous sand showed a change from shear shrinkage and then shear expansion to continuous shear shrinkage. Calcareous sand showed three different response behaviors under cyclic load: plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental plastic failure. With the plastic strain rate as the defining index, this study determined the critical <i<CSR</i< of calcareous sand under different shakedown response statuses and found them to increase with the effective confining pressure. The empirical formula for critical stress was established based on the fitting analysis of critical <i<CSR</i< under different confining pressures, taking the confining pressure as the variable. At the early stage of the cyclic load, calcareous sand samples were under compression. When the resilient modulus grew rapidly and the number of loading cycles continued to increase, the particles of calcareous sand samples were crushed, causing the fine particles to fill the voids among coarse particles, further compacting the samples and increasing the resilient modulus of calcareous sand samples. Hardin’s breakage potential model was adopted to quantitatively describe the particle breakage of calcareous sand samples before and after tests. The results indicated that calcareous sand samples produced obvious particle breakage when the <i<CSR</i< was small. As the <i<CSR</i< increased, the extent of the breakage of the sample particles first increased and thereafter stabilized. This study provides a theoretical reference for the assessment of the dynamic stability of calcareous sand subgrade subjected to traffic loads.
abstractGer	Calcareous sand is a special marine soil rich in calcium carbonate minerals, characterized by brittle particles. It is, therefore, widely used as a filling material in the construction of islands and reefs. In this study, a series of cyclic tri-axial tests were conducted on calcareous sand taken from a reef in the South China Sea under different confining pressures and cyclic stress ratio (<i<CSR</i<). Then, applying the shakedown theory, the cumulative deformation of calcareous sand under a long-term cyclic load of aircraft was evaluated. Results showed that with the increase in the effective confining pressure, the stress–strain curves of calcareous sand showed a change from the strain-softening to the strain-hardening state; the volumetric strain of calcareous sand showed a change from shear shrinkage and then shear expansion to continuous shear shrinkage. Calcareous sand showed three different response behaviors under cyclic load: plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental plastic failure. With the plastic strain rate as the defining index, this study determined the critical <i<CSR</i< of calcareous sand under different shakedown response statuses and found them to increase with the effective confining pressure. The empirical formula for critical stress was established based on the fitting analysis of critical <i<CSR</i< under different confining pressures, taking the confining pressure as the variable. At the early stage of the cyclic load, calcareous sand samples were under compression. When the resilient modulus grew rapidly and the number of loading cycles continued to increase, the particles of calcareous sand samples were crushed, causing the fine particles to fill the voids among coarse particles, further compacting the samples and increasing the resilient modulus of calcareous sand samples. Hardin’s breakage potential model was adopted to quantitatively describe the particle breakage of calcareous sand samples before and after tests. The results indicated that calcareous sand samples produced obvious particle breakage when the <i<CSR</i< was small. As the <i<CSR</i< increased, the extent of the breakage of the sample particles first increased and thereafter stabilized. This study provides a theoretical reference for the assessment of the dynamic stability of calcareous sand subgrade subjected to traffic loads.
abstract_unstemmed	Calcareous sand is a special marine soil rich in calcium carbonate minerals, characterized by brittle particles. It is, therefore, widely used as a filling material in the construction of islands and reefs. In this study, a series of cyclic tri-axial tests were conducted on calcareous sand taken from a reef in the South China Sea under different confining pressures and cyclic stress ratio (<i<CSR</i<). Then, applying the shakedown theory, the cumulative deformation of calcareous sand under a long-term cyclic load of aircraft was evaluated. Results showed that with the increase in the effective confining pressure, the stress–strain curves of calcareous sand showed a change from the strain-softening to the strain-hardening state; the volumetric strain of calcareous sand showed a change from shear shrinkage and then shear expansion to continuous shear shrinkage. Calcareous sand showed three different response behaviors under cyclic load: plastic shakedown, plastic creep and incremental plastic failure. With the plastic strain rate as the defining index, this study determined the critical <i<CSR</i< of calcareous sand under different shakedown response statuses and found them to increase with the effective confining pressure. The empirical formula for critical stress was established based on the fitting analysis of critical <i<CSR</i< under different confining pressures, taking the confining pressure as the variable. At the early stage of the cyclic load, calcareous sand samples were under compression. When the resilient modulus grew rapidly and the number of loading cycles continued to increase, the particles of calcareous sand samples were crushed, causing the fine particles to fill the voids among coarse particles, further compacting the samples and increasing the resilient modulus of calcareous sand samples. Hardin’s breakage potential model was adopted to quantitatively describe the particle breakage of calcareous sand samples before and after tests. The results indicated that calcareous sand samples produced obvious particle breakage when the <i<CSR</i< was small. As the <i<CSR</i< increased, the extent of the breakage of the sample particles first increased and thereafter stabilized. This study provides a theoretical reference for the assessment of the dynamic stability of calcareous sand subgrade subjected to traffic loads.
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container_issue	1, p 195
title_short	Critical Dynamic Stress and Cumulative Plastic Deformation of Calcareous Sand Filler Based on Shakedown Theory
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010195 https://doaj.org/article/70fc4fa917ef4a60ad324e4c27d0c86b https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/1/195 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312
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author2	Zhenhuan Chen Zhe Wang Qianshen Chen Dihui Ma
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up_date	2024-07-03T21:49:30.298Z
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