T Cells Immunophenotyping and CD38 Overexpression as Hallmarks of the Severity of COVID-19 and Predictors of Patients’ Outcomes

Background: By the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic spread all around the world with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild to moderate to severe or critical cases. T cell subtype dysregulation is mostly involved in the immunopathogenic mechanism. The present study aimed to hi...
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Autor*in:	Nesrin I. Tarbiah [verfasserIn] Nuha A. Alkhattabi [verfasserIn] Abdullah J. Alsahafi [verfasserIn] Hani S. Aljahdali [verfasserIn] Husam M. Joharjy [verfasserIn] Maryam H. Al-Zahrani [verfasserIn] Aliaa M. Sabban [verfasserIn] Rana A. Alghamdi [verfasserIn] Maha J. Balgoon [verfasserIn] Reham A. Khalifa [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Schlagwörter:	COVID-19 T cells T-helper (CD4 T-cytotoxic (CD8 CD38

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Clinical Medicine - MDPI AG, 2013, 12(2023), 2, p 710
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2023 ; number:2, p 710

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/jcm12020710

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ081770812

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allfields	10.3390/jcm12020710 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081770812 (DE-599)DOAJ0b6d8ddb909541e4a0f0693b6241563c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Nesrin I. Tarbiah verfasserin aut T Cells Immunophenotyping and CD38 Overexpression as Hallmarks of the Severity of COVID-19 and Predictors of Patients’ Outcomes 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: By the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic spread all around the world with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild to moderate to severe or critical cases. T cell subtype dysregulation is mostly involved in the immunopathogenic mechanism. The present study aimed to highlight the role of monitoring T cell subtypes and their activation (expression of CD38) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects and their role in predicting severity and patients’ outcomes. Materials: The study involved 70 adult COVID-19 confirmed cases stratified into three groups: a mild/asymptomatic group, a clinically moderate group, and a clinically severe/critical group. Flow cytometry analysis was used for the assessment of CD3<sup<+</sup< cells for total T cell count, CD4<sup<+</sup< cells for helper T cells (Th), CD8<sup<+</sup< cells for cytotoxic T cells (Tc), CD4<sup<+</sup<CD25<sup<+</sup< cells for regulatory T cells (T reg), and CD38 expression in CD4<sup<+</sup< T cells and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells for T cell activation. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between COVID-19 cases and healthy controls as regards low counts of all the targeted T cell subtypes, with the lowest counts detected among patients of the severe/critical group. Furthermore, CD38 overexpression was observed in both CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells. Conclusion: Decreased T cell count, specifically CD8<sup<+</sup< T cell (Tc), with T cell overactivation which was indicated by CD38 overexpression on CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells had a substantial prognostic role in predicting severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. These findings can provide a preliminary tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients requiring vigilant monitoring, customized supportive therapy, or ICU admission. Studies on larger patient groups are needed. COVID-19 T cells T-helper (CD4<sup<+</sup<) T-cytotoxic (CD8<sup<+</sup<) CD38 Medicine R Nuha A. Alkhattabi verfasserin aut Abdullah J. Alsahafi verfasserin aut Hani S. Aljahdali verfasserin aut Husam M. Joharjy verfasserin aut Maryam H. Al-Zahrani verfasserin aut Aliaa M. Sabban verfasserin aut Rana A. Alghamdi verfasserin aut Maha J. Balgoon verfasserin aut Reham A. Khalifa verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 2, p 710 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:2, p 710 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020710 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0b6d8ddb909541e4a0f0693b6241563c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/2/710 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 2, p 710
spelling	10.3390/jcm12020710 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081770812 (DE-599)DOAJ0b6d8ddb909541e4a0f0693b6241563c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Nesrin I. Tarbiah verfasserin aut T Cells Immunophenotyping and CD38 Overexpression as Hallmarks of the Severity of COVID-19 and Predictors of Patients’ Outcomes 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: By the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic spread all around the world with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild to moderate to severe or critical cases. T cell subtype dysregulation is mostly involved in the immunopathogenic mechanism. The present study aimed to highlight the role of monitoring T cell subtypes and their activation (expression of CD38) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects and their role in predicting severity and patients’ outcomes. Materials: The study involved 70 adult COVID-19 confirmed cases stratified into three groups: a mild/asymptomatic group, a clinically moderate group, and a clinically severe/critical group. Flow cytometry analysis was used for the assessment of CD3<sup<+</sup< cells for total T cell count, CD4<sup<+</sup< cells for helper T cells (Th), CD8<sup<+</sup< cells for cytotoxic T cells (Tc), CD4<sup<+</sup<CD25<sup<+</sup< cells for regulatory T cells (T reg), and CD38 expression in CD4<sup<+</sup< T cells and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells for T cell activation. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between COVID-19 cases and healthy controls as regards low counts of all the targeted T cell subtypes, with the lowest counts detected among patients of the severe/critical group. Furthermore, CD38 overexpression was observed in both CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells. Conclusion: Decreased T cell count, specifically CD8<sup<+</sup< T cell (Tc), with T cell overactivation which was indicated by CD38 overexpression on CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells had a substantial prognostic role in predicting severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. These findings can provide a preliminary tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients requiring vigilant monitoring, customized supportive therapy, or ICU admission. Studies on larger patient groups are needed. COVID-19 T cells T-helper (CD4<sup<+</sup<) T-cytotoxic (CD8<sup<+</sup<) CD38 Medicine R Nuha A. Alkhattabi verfasserin aut Abdullah J. Alsahafi verfasserin aut Hani S. Aljahdali verfasserin aut Husam M. Joharjy verfasserin aut Maryam H. Al-Zahrani verfasserin aut Aliaa M. Sabban verfasserin aut Rana A. Alghamdi verfasserin aut Maha J. Balgoon verfasserin aut Reham A. Khalifa verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 2, p 710 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:2, p 710 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020710 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0b6d8ddb909541e4a0f0693b6241563c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/2/710 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 2, p 710
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/jcm12020710 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081770812 (DE-599)DOAJ0b6d8ddb909541e4a0f0693b6241563c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Nesrin I. Tarbiah verfasserin aut T Cells Immunophenotyping and CD38 Overexpression as Hallmarks of the Severity of COVID-19 and Predictors of Patients’ Outcomes 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: By the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic spread all around the world with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild to moderate to severe or critical cases. T cell subtype dysregulation is mostly involved in the immunopathogenic mechanism. The present study aimed to highlight the role of monitoring T cell subtypes and their activation (expression of CD38) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects and their role in predicting severity and patients’ outcomes. Materials: The study involved 70 adult COVID-19 confirmed cases stratified into three groups: a mild/asymptomatic group, a clinically moderate group, and a clinically severe/critical group. Flow cytometry analysis was used for the assessment of CD3<sup<+</sup< cells for total T cell count, CD4<sup<+</sup< cells for helper T cells (Th), CD8<sup<+</sup< cells for cytotoxic T cells (Tc), CD4<sup<+</sup<CD25<sup<+</sup< cells for regulatory T cells (T reg), and CD38 expression in CD4<sup<+</sup< T cells and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells for T cell activation. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between COVID-19 cases and healthy controls as regards low counts of all the targeted T cell subtypes, with the lowest counts detected among patients of the severe/critical group. Furthermore, CD38 overexpression was observed in both CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells. Conclusion: Decreased T cell count, specifically CD8<sup<+</sup< T cell (Tc), with T cell overactivation which was indicated by CD38 overexpression on CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells had a substantial prognostic role in predicting severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. These findings can provide a preliminary tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients requiring vigilant monitoring, customized supportive therapy, or ICU admission. Studies on larger patient groups are needed. COVID-19 T cells T-helper (CD4<sup<+</sup<) T-cytotoxic (CD8<sup<+</sup<) CD38 Medicine R Nuha A. Alkhattabi verfasserin aut Abdullah J. Alsahafi verfasserin aut Hani S. Aljahdali verfasserin aut Husam M. Joharjy verfasserin aut Maryam H. Al-Zahrani verfasserin aut Aliaa M. Sabban verfasserin aut Rana A. Alghamdi verfasserin aut Maha J. Balgoon verfasserin aut Reham A. Khalifa verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 2, p 710 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:2, p 710 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020710 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0b6d8ddb909541e4a0f0693b6241563c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/2/710 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 2, p 710
allfieldsGer	10.3390/jcm12020710 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081770812 (DE-599)DOAJ0b6d8ddb909541e4a0f0693b6241563c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Nesrin I. Tarbiah verfasserin aut T Cells Immunophenotyping and CD38 Overexpression as Hallmarks of the Severity of COVID-19 and Predictors of Patients’ Outcomes 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: By the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic spread all around the world with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild to moderate to severe or critical cases. T cell subtype dysregulation is mostly involved in the immunopathogenic mechanism. The present study aimed to highlight the role of monitoring T cell subtypes and their activation (expression of CD38) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects and their role in predicting severity and patients’ outcomes. Materials: The study involved 70 adult COVID-19 confirmed cases stratified into three groups: a mild/asymptomatic group, a clinically moderate group, and a clinically severe/critical group. Flow cytometry analysis was used for the assessment of CD3<sup<+</sup< cells for total T cell count, CD4<sup<+</sup< cells for helper T cells (Th), CD8<sup<+</sup< cells for cytotoxic T cells (Tc), CD4<sup<+</sup<CD25<sup<+</sup< cells for regulatory T cells (T reg), and CD38 expression in CD4<sup<+</sup< T cells and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells for T cell activation. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between COVID-19 cases and healthy controls as regards low counts of all the targeted T cell subtypes, with the lowest counts detected among patients of the severe/critical group. Furthermore, CD38 overexpression was observed in both CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells. Conclusion: Decreased T cell count, specifically CD8<sup<+</sup< T cell (Tc), with T cell overactivation which was indicated by CD38 overexpression on CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells had a substantial prognostic role in predicting severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. These findings can provide a preliminary tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients requiring vigilant monitoring, customized supportive therapy, or ICU admission. Studies on larger patient groups are needed. COVID-19 T cells T-helper (CD4<sup<+</sup<) T-cytotoxic (CD8<sup<+</sup<) CD38 Medicine R Nuha A. Alkhattabi verfasserin aut Abdullah J. Alsahafi verfasserin aut Hani S. Aljahdali verfasserin aut Husam M. Joharjy verfasserin aut Maryam H. Al-Zahrani verfasserin aut Aliaa M. Sabban verfasserin aut Rana A. Alghamdi verfasserin aut Maha J. Balgoon verfasserin aut Reham A. Khalifa verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 2, p 710 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:2, p 710 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020710 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0b6d8ddb909541e4a0f0693b6241563c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/2/710 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 2, p 710
allfieldsSound	10.3390/jcm12020710 doi (DE-627)DOAJ081770812 (DE-599)DOAJ0b6d8ddb909541e4a0f0693b6241563c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Nesrin I. Tarbiah verfasserin aut T Cells Immunophenotyping and CD38 Overexpression as Hallmarks of the Severity of COVID-19 and Predictors of Patients’ Outcomes 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background: By the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic spread all around the world with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild to moderate to severe or critical cases. T cell subtype dysregulation is mostly involved in the immunopathogenic mechanism. The present study aimed to highlight the role of monitoring T cell subtypes and their activation (expression of CD38) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects and their role in predicting severity and patients’ outcomes. Materials: The study involved 70 adult COVID-19 confirmed cases stratified into three groups: a mild/asymptomatic group, a clinically moderate group, and a clinically severe/critical group. Flow cytometry analysis was used for the assessment of CD3<sup<+</sup< cells for total T cell count, CD4<sup<+</sup< cells for helper T cells (Th), CD8<sup<+</sup< cells for cytotoxic T cells (Tc), CD4<sup<+</sup<CD25<sup<+</sup< cells for regulatory T cells (T reg), and CD38 expression in CD4<sup<+</sup< T cells and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells for T cell activation. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between COVID-19 cases and healthy controls as regards low counts of all the targeted T cell subtypes, with the lowest counts detected among patients of the severe/critical group. Furthermore, CD38 overexpression was observed in both CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells. Conclusion: Decreased T cell count, specifically CD8<sup<+</sup< T cell (Tc), with T cell overactivation which was indicated by CD38 overexpression on CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells had a substantial prognostic role in predicting severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. These findings can provide a preliminary tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients requiring vigilant monitoring, customized supportive therapy, or ICU admission. Studies on larger patient groups are needed. COVID-19 T cells T-helper (CD4<sup<+</sup<) T-cytotoxic (CD8<sup<+</sup<) CD38 Medicine R Nuha A. Alkhattabi verfasserin aut Abdullah J. Alsahafi verfasserin aut Hani S. Aljahdali verfasserin aut Husam M. Joharjy verfasserin aut Maryam H. Al-Zahrani verfasserin aut Aliaa M. Sabban verfasserin aut Rana A. Alghamdi verfasserin aut Maha J. Balgoon verfasserin aut Reham A. Khalifa verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 12(2023), 2, p 710 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:12 year:2023 number:2, p 710 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020710 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0b6d8ddb909541e4a0f0693b6241563c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/2/710 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2023 2, p 710
language	English
source	In Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(2023), 2, p 710 volume:12 year:2023 number:2, p 710
sourceStr	In Journal of Clinical Medicine 12(2023), 2, p 710 volume:12 year:2023 number:2, p 710
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	COVID-19 T cells T-helper (CD4<sup<+</sup<) T-cytotoxic (CD8<sup<+</sup<) CD38 Medicine R
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container_title	Journal of Clinical Medicine
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Nesrin I. Tarbiah @@aut@@ Nuha A. Alkhattabi @@aut@@ Abdullah J. Alsahafi @@aut@@ Hani S. Aljahdali @@aut@@ Husam M. Joharjy @@aut@@ Maryam H. Al-Zahrani @@aut@@ Aliaa M. Sabban @@aut@@ Rana A. Alghamdi @@aut@@ Maha J. Balgoon @@aut@@ Reham A. Khalifa @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	718632478
id	DOAJ081770812
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author	Nesrin I. Tarbiah
spellingShingle	Nesrin I. Tarbiah misc COVID-19 misc T cells misc T-helper (CD4<sup<+</sup<) misc T-cytotoxic (CD8<sup<+</sup<) misc CD38 misc Medicine misc R T Cells Immunophenotyping and CD38 Overexpression as Hallmarks of the Severity of COVID-19 and Predictors of Patients’ Outcomes
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topic_title	T Cells Immunophenotyping and CD38 Overexpression as Hallmarks of the Severity of COVID-19 and Predictors of Patients’ Outcomes COVID-19 T cells T-helper (CD4<sup<+</sup<) T-cytotoxic (CD8<sup<+</sup<) CD38
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title	T Cells Immunophenotyping and CD38 Overexpression as Hallmarks of the Severity of COVID-19 and Predictors of Patients’ Outcomes
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title_full	T Cells Immunophenotyping and CD38 Overexpression as Hallmarks of the Severity of COVID-19 and Predictors of Patients’ Outcomes
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journal	Journal of Clinical Medicine
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author_browse	Nesrin I. Tarbiah Nuha A. Alkhattabi Abdullah J. Alsahafi Hani S. Aljahdali Husam M. Joharjy Maryam H. Al-Zahrani Aliaa M. Sabban Rana A. Alghamdi Maha J. Balgoon Reham A. Khalifa
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author-letter	Nesrin I. Tarbiah
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title_sort	cells immunophenotyping and cd38 overexpression as hallmarks of the severity of covid-19 and predictors of patients’ outcomes
title_auth	T Cells Immunophenotyping and CD38 Overexpression as Hallmarks of the Severity of COVID-19 and Predictors of Patients’ Outcomes
abstract	Background: By the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic spread all around the world with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild to moderate to severe or critical cases. T cell subtype dysregulation is mostly involved in the immunopathogenic mechanism. The present study aimed to highlight the role of monitoring T cell subtypes and their activation (expression of CD38) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects and their role in predicting severity and patients’ outcomes. Materials: The study involved 70 adult COVID-19 confirmed cases stratified into three groups: a mild/asymptomatic group, a clinically moderate group, and a clinically severe/critical group. Flow cytometry analysis was used for the assessment of CD3<sup<+</sup< cells for total T cell count, CD4<sup<+</sup< cells for helper T cells (Th), CD8<sup<+</sup< cells for cytotoxic T cells (Tc), CD4<sup<+</sup<CD25<sup<+</sup< cells for regulatory T cells (T reg), and CD38 expression in CD4<sup<+</sup< T cells and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells for T cell activation. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between COVID-19 cases and healthy controls as regards low counts of all the targeted T cell subtypes, with the lowest counts detected among patients of the severe/critical group. Furthermore, CD38 overexpression was observed in both CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells. Conclusion: Decreased T cell count, specifically CD8<sup<+</sup< T cell (Tc), with T cell overactivation which was indicated by CD38 overexpression on CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells had a substantial prognostic role in predicting severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. These findings can provide a preliminary tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients requiring vigilant monitoring, customized supportive therapy, or ICU admission. Studies on larger patient groups are needed.
abstractGer	Background: By the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic spread all around the world with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild to moderate to severe or critical cases. T cell subtype dysregulation is mostly involved in the immunopathogenic mechanism. The present study aimed to highlight the role of monitoring T cell subtypes and their activation (expression of CD38) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects and their role in predicting severity and patients’ outcomes. Materials: The study involved 70 adult COVID-19 confirmed cases stratified into three groups: a mild/asymptomatic group, a clinically moderate group, and a clinically severe/critical group. Flow cytometry analysis was used for the assessment of CD3<sup<+</sup< cells for total T cell count, CD4<sup<+</sup< cells for helper T cells (Th), CD8<sup<+</sup< cells for cytotoxic T cells (Tc), CD4<sup<+</sup<CD25<sup<+</sup< cells for regulatory T cells (T reg), and CD38 expression in CD4<sup<+</sup< T cells and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells for T cell activation. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between COVID-19 cases and healthy controls as regards low counts of all the targeted T cell subtypes, with the lowest counts detected among patients of the severe/critical group. Furthermore, CD38 overexpression was observed in both CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells. Conclusion: Decreased T cell count, specifically CD8<sup<+</sup< T cell (Tc), with T cell overactivation which was indicated by CD38 overexpression on CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells had a substantial prognostic role in predicting severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. These findings can provide a preliminary tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients requiring vigilant monitoring, customized supportive therapy, or ICU admission. Studies on larger patient groups are needed.
abstract_unstemmed	Background: By the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic spread all around the world with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild to moderate to severe or critical cases. T cell subtype dysregulation is mostly involved in the immunopathogenic mechanism. The present study aimed to highlight the role of monitoring T cell subtypes and their activation (expression of CD38) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects and their role in predicting severity and patients’ outcomes. Materials: The study involved 70 adult COVID-19 confirmed cases stratified into three groups: a mild/asymptomatic group, a clinically moderate group, and a clinically severe/critical group. Flow cytometry analysis was used for the assessment of CD3<sup<+</sup< cells for total T cell count, CD4<sup<+</sup< cells for helper T cells (Th), CD8<sup<+</sup< cells for cytotoxic T cells (Tc), CD4<sup<+</sup<CD25<sup<+</sup< cells for regulatory T cells (T reg), and CD38 expression in CD4<sup<+</sup< T cells and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells for T cell activation. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between COVID-19 cases and healthy controls as regards low counts of all the targeted T cell subtypes, with the lowest counts detected among patients of the severe/critical group. Furthermore, CD38 overexpression was observed in both CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells. Conclusion: Decreased T cell count, specifically CD8<sup<+</sup< T cell (Tc), with T cell overactivation which was indicated by CD38 overexpression on CD4<sup<+</sup< and CD8<sup<+</sup< T cells had a substantial prognostic role in predicting severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. These findings can provide a preliminary tool for clinicians to identify high-risk patients requiring vigilant monitoring, customized supportive therapy, or ICU admission. Studies on larger patient groups are needed.
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