Dissecting Immunotherapy Strategies for Small Cell Lung Cancer: Antibodies, Ionizing Radiation and CAR-T

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that accounts for about 14% of all lung cancers. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the only available treatment for a long time, until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently changed first-line standard of ca...
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Autor*in:	Giorgia Guaitoli [verfasserIn] Giovanni Neri [verfasserIn] Eleonora Cabitza [verfasserIn] Salvatore Natalizio [verfasserIn] Luciana Mastrodomenico [verfasserIn] Sabrina Talerico [verfasserIn] Lucia Trudu [verfasserIn] Chiara Lauro [verfasserIn] Chiara Chiavelli [verfasserIn] Maria Cristina Baschieri [verfasserIn] Alessio Bruni [verfasserIn] Massimo Dominici [verfasserIn] Federica Bertolini [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	small cell lung cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors PD-(L)1 biomarkers drug conjugates

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences - MDPI AG, 2003, 23(2022), 21, p 12728
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:23 ; year:2022 ; number:21, p 12728

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ijms232112728

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ083587381

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allfields	10.3390/ijms232112728 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083587381 (DE-599)DOAJ572460d3b461445297dc8202c3817078 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Giorgia Guaitoli verfasserin aut Dissecting Immunotherapy Strategies for Small Cell Lung Cancer: Antibodies, Ionizing Radiation and CAR-T 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that accounts for about 14% of all lung cancers. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the only available treatment for a long time, until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently changed first-line standard of care and shed light on the pivotal role of the immune system. Despite improved survival in a subset of patients, a lot of them still do not benefit from first-line chemo-immunotherapy, and several studies are investigating whether different combination strategies (with both systemic and local treatments, such as radiotherapy) may improve patient outcomes. Moreover, research of biomarkers that may be used to predict patients’ outcomes is ongoing. In addition to ICIs, immunotherapy offers other different strategies, including naked monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor associated antigens, conjugated antibody, bispecific antibodies and cellular therapies. In this review, we summarize the main evidence available about the use of immunotherapy in SCLC, the rationale behind combination strategies and the studies that are currently ongoing in this setting, in order to give the reader a clear and complete view of this rapidly expanding topic. small cell lung cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors PD-(L)1 biomarkers drug conjugates Biology (General) Chemistry Giovanni Neri verfasserin aut Eleonora Cabitza verfasserin aut Salvatore Natalizio verfasserin aut Luciana Mastrodomenico verfasserin aut Sabrina Talerico verfasserin aut Lucia Trudu verfasserin aut Chiara Lauro verfasserin aut Chiara Chiavelli verfasserin aut Maria Cristina Baschieri verfasserin aut Alessio Bruni verfasserin aut Massimo Dominici verfasserin aut Federica Bertolini verfasserin aut In International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG, 2003 23(2022), 21, p 12728 (DE-627)316340715 (DE-600)2019364-6 14220067 nnns volume:23 year:2022 number:21, p 12728 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112728 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/572460d3b461445297dc8202c3817078 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/12728 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 23 2022 21, p 12728
spelling	10.3390/ijms232112728 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083587381 (DE-599)DOAJ572460d3b461445297dc8202c3817078 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Giorgia Guaitoli verfasserin aut Dissecting Immunotherapy Strategies for Small Cell Lung Cancer: Antibodies, Ionizing Radiation and CAR-T 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that accounts for about 14% of all lung cancers. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the only available treatment for a long time, until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently changed first-line standard of care and shed light on the pivotal role of the immune system. Despite improved survival in a subset of patients, a lot of them still do not benefit from first-line chemo-immunotherapy, and several studies are investigating whether different combination strategies (with both systemic and local treatments, such as radiotherapy) may improve patient outcomes. Moreover, research of biomarkers that may be used to predict patients’ outcomes is ongoing. In addition to ICIs, immunotherapy offers other different strategies, including naked monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor associated antigens, conjugated antibody, bispecific antibodies and cellular therapies. In this review, we summarize the main evidence available about the use of immunotherapy in SCLC, the rationale behind combination strategies and the studies that are currently ongoing in this setting, in order to give the reader a clear and complete view of this rapidly expanding topic. small cell lung cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors PD-(L)1 biomarkers drug conjugates Biology (General) Chemistry Giovanni Neri verfasserin aut Eleonora Cabitza verfasserin aut Salvatore Natalizio verfasserin aut Luciana Mastrodomenico verfasserin aut Sabrina Talerico verfasserin aut Lucia Trudu verfasserin aut Chiara Lauro verfasserin aut Chiara Chiavelli verfasserin aut Maria Cristina Baschieri verfasserin aut Alessio Bruni verfasserin aut Massimo Dominici verfasserin aut Federica Bertolini verfasserin aut In International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG, 2003 23(2022), 21, p 12728 (DE-627)316340715 (DE-600)2019364-6 14220067 nnns volume:23 year:2022 number:21, p 12728 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112728 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/572460d3b461445297dc8202c3817078 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/12728 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 23 2022 21, p 12728
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/ijms232112728 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083587381 (DE-599)DOAJ572460d3b461445297dc8202c3817078 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Giorgia Guaitoli verfasserin aut Dissecting Immunotherapy Strategies for Small Cell Lung Cancer: Antibodies, Ionizing Radiation and CAR-T 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that accounts for about 14% of all lung cancers. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the only available treatment for a long time, until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently changed first-line standard of care and shed light on the pivotal role of the immune system. Despite improved survival in a subset of patients, a lot of them still do not benefit from first-line chemo-immunotherapy, and several studies are investigating whether different combination strategies (with both systemic and local treatments, such as radiotherapy) may improve patient outcomes. Moreover, research of biomarkers that may be used to predict patients’ outcomes is ongoing. In addition to ICIs, immunotherapy offers other different strategies, including naked monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor associated antigens, conjugated antibody, bispecific antibodies and cellular therapies. In this review, we summarize the main evidence available about the use of immunotherapy in SCLC, the rationale behind combination strategies and the studies that are currently ongoing in this setting, in order to give the reader a clear and complete view of this rapidly expanding topic. small cell lung cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors PD-(L)1 biomarkers drug conjugates Biology (General) Chemistry Giovanni Neri verfasserin aut Eleonora Cabitza verfasserin aut Salvatore Natalizio verfasserin aut Luciana Mastrodomenico verfasserin aut Sabrina Talerico verfasserin aut Lucia Trudu verfasserin aut Chiara Lauro verfasserin aut Chiara Chiavelli verfasserin aut Maria Cristina Baschieri verfasserin aut Alessio Bruni verfasserin aut Massimo Dominici verfasserin aut Federica Bertolini verfasserin aut In International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG, 2003 23(2022), 21, p 12728 (DE-627)316340715 (DE-600)2019364-6 14220067 nnns volume:23 year:2022 number:21, p 12728 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112728 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/572460d3b461445297dc8202c3817078 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/12728 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 23 2022 21, p 12728
allfieldsGer	10.3390/ijms232112728 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083587381 (DE-599)DOAJ572460d3b461445297dc8202c3817078 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Giorgia Guaitoli verfasserin aut Dissecting Immunotherapy Strategies for Small Cell Lung Cancer: Antibodies, Ionizing Radiation and CAR-T 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that accounts for about 14% of all lung cancers. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the only available treatment for a long time, until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently changed first-line standard of care and shed light on the pivotal role of the immune system. Despite improved survival in a subset of patients, a lot of them still do not benefit from first-line chemo-immunotherapy, and several studies are investigating whether different combination strategies (with both systemic and local treatments, such as radiotherapy) may improve patient outcomes. Moreover, research of biomarkers that may be used to predict patients’ outcomes is ongoing. In addition to ICIs, immunotherapy offers other different strategies, including naked monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor associated antigens, conjugated antibody, bispecific antibodies and cellular therapies. In this review, we summarize the main evidence available about the use of immunotherapy in SCLC, the rationale behind combination strategies and the studies that are currently ongoing in this setting, in order to give the reader a clear and complete view of this rapidly expanding topic. small cell lung cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors PD-(L)1 biomarkers drug conjugates Biology (General) Chemistry Giovanni Neri verfasserin aut Eleonora Cabitza verfasserin aut Salvatore Natalizio verfasserin aut Luciana Mastrodomenico verfasserin aut Sabrina Talerico verfasserin aut Lucia Trudu verfasserin aut Chiara Lauro verfasserin aut Chiara Chiavelli verfasserin aut Maria Cristina Baschieri verfasserin aut Alessio Bruni verfasserin aut Massimo Dominici verfasserin aut Federica Bertolini verfasserin aut In International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG, 2003 23(2022), 21, p 12728 (DE-627)316340715 (DE-600)2019364-6 14220067 nnns volume:23 year:2022 number:21, p 12728 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112728 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/572460d3b461445297dc8202c3817078 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/12728 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 23 2022 21, p 12728
allfieldsSound	10.3390/ijms232112728 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083587381 (DE-599)DOAJ572460d3b461445297dc8202c3817078 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 QD1-999 Giorgia Guaitoli verfasserin aut Dissecting Immunotherapy Strategies for Small Cell Lung Cancer: Antibodies, Ionizing Radiation and CAR-T 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that accounts for about 14% of all lung cancers. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the only available treatment for a long time, until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently changed first-line standard of care and shed light on the pivotal role of the immune system. Despite improved survival in a subset of patients, a lot of them still do not benefit from first-line chemo-immunotherapy, and several studies are investigating whether different combination strategies (with both systemic and local treatments, such as radiotherapy) may improve patient outcomes. Moreover, research of biomarkers that may be used to predict patients’ outcomes is ongoing. In addition to ICIs, immunotherapy offers other different strategies, including naked monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor associated antigens, conjugated antibody, bispecific antibodies and cellular therapies. In this review, we summarize the main evidence available about the use of immunotherapy in SCLC, the rationale behind combination strategies and the studies that are currently ongoing in this setting, in order to give the reader a clear and complete view of this rapidly expanding topic. small cell lung cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors PD-(L)1 biomarkers drug conjugates Biology (General) Chemistry Giovanni Neri verfasserin aut Eleonora Cabitza verfasserin aut Salvatore Natalizio verfasserin aut Luciana Mastrodomenico verfasserin aut Sabrina Talerico verfasserin aut Lucia Trudu verfasserin aut Chiara Lauro verfasserin aut Chiara Chiavelli verfasserin aut Maria Cristina Baschieri verfasserin aut Alessio Bruni verfasserin aut Massimo Dominici verfasserin aut Federica Bertolini verfasserin aut In International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG, 2003 23(2022), 21, p 12728 (DE-627)316340715 (DE-600)2019364-6 14220067 nnns volume:23 year:2022 number:21, p 12728 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112728 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/572460d3b461445297dc8202c3817078 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/12728 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 23 2022 21, p 12728
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Giorgia Guaitoli
spellingShingle	Giorgia Guaitoli misc QH301-705.5 misc QD1-999 misc small cell lung cancer misc immune checkpoint inhibitors misc PD-(L)1 misc biomarkers misc drug conjugates misc Biology (General) misc Chemistry Dissecting Immunotherapy Strategies for Small Cell Lung Cancer: Antibodies, Ionizing Radiation and CAR-T
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topic	misc QH301-705.5 misc QD1-999 misc small cell lung cancer misc immune checkpoint inhibitors misc PD-(L)1 misc biomarkers misc drug conjugates misc Biology (General) misc Chemistry
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title_sort	dissecting immunotherapy strategies for small cell lung cancer: antibodies, ionizing radiation and car-t
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title_auth	Dissecting Immunotherapy Strategies for Small Cell Lung Cancer: Antibodies, Ionizing Radiation and CAR-T
abstract	Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that accounts for about 14% of all lung cancers. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the only available treatment for a long time, until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently changed first-line standard of care and shed light on the pivotal role of the immune system. Despite improved survival in a subset of patients, a lot of them still do not benefit from first-line chemo-immunotherapy, and several studies are investigating whether different combination strategies (with both systemic and local treatments, such as radiotherapy) may improve patient outcomes. Moreover, research of biomarkers that may be used to predict patients’ outcomes is ongoing. In addition to ICIs, immunotherapy offers other different strategies, including naked monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor associated antigens, conjugated antibody, bispecific antibodies and cellular therapies. In this review, we summarize the main evidence available about the use of immunotherapy in SCLC, the rationale behind combination strategies and the studies that are currently ongoing in this setting, in order to give the reader a clear and complete view of this rapidly expanding topic.
abstractGer	Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that accounts for about 14% of all lung cancers. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the only available treatment for a long time, until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently changed first-line standard of care and shed light on the pivotal role of the immune system. Despite improved survival in a subset of patients, a lot of them still do not benefit from first-line chemo-immunotherapy, and several studies are investigating whether different combination strategies (with both systemic and local treatments, such as radiotherapy) may improve patient outcomes. Moreover, research of biomarkers that may be used to predict patients’ outcomes is ongoing. In addition to ICIs, immunotherapy offers other different strategies, including naked monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor associated antigens, conjugated antibody, bispecific antibodies and cellular therapies. In this review, we summarize the main evidence available about the use of immunotherapy in SCLC, the rationale behind combination strategies and the studies that are currently ongoing in this setting, in order to give the reader a clear and complete view of this rapidly expanding topic.
abstract_unstemmed	Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that accounts for about 14% of all lung cancers. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the only available treatment for a long time, until the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently changed first-line standard of care and shed light on the pivotal role of the immune system. Despite improved survival in a subset of patients, a lot of them still do not benefit from first-line chemo-immunotherapy, and several studies are investigating whether different combination strategies (with both systemic and local treatments, such as radiotherapy) may improve patient outcomes. Moreover, research of biomarkers that may be used to predict patients’ outcomes is ongoing. In addition to ICIs, immunotherapy offers other different strategies, including naked monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor associated antigens, conjugated antibody, bispecific antibodies and cellular therapies. In this review, we summarize the main evidence available about the use of immunotherapy in SCLC, the rationale behind combination strategies and the studies that are currently ongoing in this setting, in order to give the reader a clear and complete view of this rapidly expanding topic.
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