Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources
<p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
R.-G. Zhu [verfasserIn] H.-Y. Xiao [verfasserIn] L. Cheng [verfasserIn] H. Zhu [verfasserIn] H. Xiao [verfasserIn] Y. Gong [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2022 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics - Copernicus Publications, 2003, 22(2022), Seite 14019-14036 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:22 ; year:2022 ; pages:14019-14036 |
| Links: |
Link aufrufen |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ083599576 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources |
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| 520 | |a <p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average <span class="inline-formula"<Σ</span< sugar concentration (<span class="inline-formula"<317±139</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) than that of the rural (<span class="inline-formula"<181±72</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) and forest (<span class="inline-formula"<275±154</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) areas (<span class="inline-formula"<<i<p</i<<i<<</i<0.05</span<). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM<span class="inline-formula"<<sub<2.5</sub<</span< was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (<span class="inline-formula"<Lev=0.07</span< K<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<msup<<mi/<<mo<+</mo<</msup<<mo<+</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<37.7</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.6</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55ce6657540f73a5938d418c6df7e1a6"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<). In addition, the average levoglucosan / mannosan (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow class="chem"<<mi mathvariant="normal"<L</mi<<mo</</mo<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91dd8f05cf87f49ca006136e14fcc416"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2), implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are abundant in the topsoil (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.53</mn<<mo<∼</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.62</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ac616787877eb9b9f63f883cc8311e64"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<), suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.</p< | ||
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| 653 | 0 | |a Chemistry | |
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| 700 | 0 | |a H.-Y. Xiao |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a L. Cheng |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a L. Cheng |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a H. Zhu |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a H. Zhu |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a H. Xiao |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
| 700 | 0 | |a Y. Gong |e verfasserin |4 aut | |
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10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083599576 (DE-599)DOAJ3014a58a0a3c4d059c9fd92e3eae5b42 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QD1-999 R.-G. Zhu verfasserin aut Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average <span class="inline-formula"<Σ</span< sugar concentration (<span class="inline-formula"<317±139</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) than that of the rural (<span class="inline-formula"<181±72</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) and forest (<span class="inline-formula"<275±154</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) areas (<span class="inline-formula"<<i<p</i<<i<<</i<0.05</span<). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM<span class="inline-formula"<<sub<2.5</sub<</span< was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (<span class="inline-formula"<Lev=0.07</span< K<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<msup<<mi/<<mo<+</mo<</msup<<mo<+</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<37.7</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.6</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55ce6657540f73a5938d418c6df7e1a6"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<). In addition, the average levoglucosan / mannosan (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow class="chem"<<mi mathvariant="normal"<L</mi<<mo</</mo<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91dd8f05cf87f49ca006136e14fcc416"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2), implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are abundant in the topsoil (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.53</mn<<mo<∼</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.62</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ac616787877eb9b9f63f883cc8311e64"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<), suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.</p< Physics Chemistry R.-G. Zhu verfasserin aut H.-Y. Xiao verfasserin aut L. Cheng verfasserin aut L. Cheng verfasserin aut H. Zhu verfasserin aut H. Zhu verfasserin aut H. Xiao verfasserin aut Y. Gong verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Copernicus Publications, 2003 22(2022), Seite 14019-14036 (DE-627)092499996 16807324 nnns volume:22 year:2022 pages:14019-14036 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3014a58a0a3c4d059c9fd92e3eae5b42 kostenfrei https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/14019/2022/acp-22-14019-2022.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_381 AR 22 2022 14019-14036 |
| spelling |
10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083599576 (DE-599)DOAJ3014a58a0a3c4d059c9fd92e3eae5b42 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QD1-999 R.-G. Zhu verfasserin aut Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average <span class="inline-formula"<Σ</span< sugar concentration (<span class="inline-formula"<317±139</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) than that of the rural (<span class="inline-formula"<181±72</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) and forest (<span class="inline-formula"<275±154</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) areas (<span class="inline-formula"<<i<p</i<<i<<</i<0.05</span<). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM<span class="inline-formula"<<sub<2.5</sub<</span< was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (<span class="inline-formula"<Lev=0.07</span< K<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<msup<<mi/<<mo<+</mo<</msup<<mo<+</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<37.7</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.6</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55ce6657540f73a5938d418c6df7e1a6"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<). In addition, the average levoglucosan / mannosan (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow class="chem"<<mi mathvariant="normal"<L</mi<<mo</</mo<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91dd8f05cf87f49ca006136e14fcc416"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2), implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are abundant in the topsoil (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.53</mn<<mo<∼</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.62</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ac616787877eb9b9f63f883cc8311e64"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<), suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.</p< Physics Chemistry R.-G. Zhu verfasserin aut H.-Y. Xiao verfasserin aut L. Cheng verfasserin aut L. Cheng verfasserin aut H. Zhu verfasserin aut H. Zhu verfasserin aut H. Xiao verfasserin aut Y. Gong verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Copernicus Publications, 2003 22(2022), Seite 14019-14036 (DE-627)092499996 16807324 nnns volume:22 year:2022 pages:14019-14036 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3014a58a0a3c4d059c9fd92e3eae5b42 kostenfrei https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/14019/2022/acp-22-14019-2022.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_381 AR 22 2022 14019-14036 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083599576 (DE-599)DOAJ3014a58a0a3c4d059c9fd92e3eae5b42 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QD1-999 R.-G. Zhu verfasserin aut Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average <span class="inline-formula"<Σ</span< sugar concentration (<span class="inline-formula"<317±139</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) than that of the rural (<span class="inline-formula"<181±72</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) and forest (<span class="inline-formula"<275±154</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) areas (<span class="inline-formula"<<i<p</i<<i<<</i<0.05</span<). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM<span class="inline-formula"<<sub<2.5</sub<</span< was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (<span class="inline-formula"<Lev=0.07</span< K<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<msup<<mi/<<mo<+</mo<</msup<<mo<+</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<37.7</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.6</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55ce6657540f73a5938d418c6df7e1a6"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<). In addition, the average levoglucosan / mannosan (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow class="chem"<<mi mathvariant="normal"<L</mi<<mo</</mo<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91dd8f05cf87f49ca006136e14fcc416"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2), implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are abundant in the topsoil (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.53</mn<<mo<∼</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.62</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ac616787877eb9b9f63f883cc8311e64"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<), suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.</p< Physics Chemistry R.-G. Zhu verfasserin aut H.-Y. Xiao verfasserin aut L. Cheng verfasserin aut L. Cheng verfasserin aut H. Zhu verfasserin aut H. Zhu verfasserin aut H. Xiao verfasserin aut Y. Gong verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Copernicus Publications, 2003 22(2022), Seite 14019-14036 (DE-627)092499996 16807324 nnns volume:22 year:2022 pages:14019-14036 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3014a58a0a3c4d059c9fd92e3eae5b42 kostenfrei https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/14019/2022/acp-22-14019-2022.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_381 AR 22 2022 14019-14036 |
| allfieldsGer |
10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083599576 (DE-599)DOAJ3014a58a0a3c4d059c9fd92e3eae5b42 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QD1-999 R.-G. Zhu verfasserin aut Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average <span class="inline-formula"<Σ</span< sugar concentration (<span class="inline-formula"<317±139</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) than that of the rural (<span class="inline-formula"<181±72</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) and forest (<span class="inline-formula"<275±154</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) areas (<span class="inline-formula"<<i<p</i<<i<<</i<0.05</span<). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM<span class="inline-formula"<<sub<2.5</sub<</span< was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (<span class="inline-formula"<Lev=0.07</span< K<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<msup<<mi/<<mo<+</mo<</msup<<mo<+</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<37.7</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.6</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55ce6657540f73a5938d418c6df7e1a6"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<). In addition, the average levoglucosan / mannosan (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow class="chem"<<mi mathvariant="normal"<L</mi<<mo</</mo<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91dd8f05cf87f49ca006136e14fcc416"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2), implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are abundant in the topsoil (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.53</mn<<mo<∼</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.62</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ac616787877eb9b9f63f883cc8311e64"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<), suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.</p< Physics Chemistry R.-G. Zhu verfasserin aut H.-Y. Xiao verfasserin aut L. Cheng verfasserin aut L. Cheng verfasserin aut H. Zhu verfasserin aut H. Zhu verfasserin aut H. Xiao verfasserin aut Y. Gong verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Copernicus Publications, 2003 22(2022), Seite 14019-14036 (DE-627)092499996 16807324 nnns volume:22 year:2022 pages:14019-14036 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3014a58a0a3c4d059c9fd92e3eae5b42 kostenfrei https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/14019/2022/acp-22-14019-2022.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_381 AR 22 2022 14019-14036 |
| allfieldsSound |
10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083599576 (DE-599)DOAJ3014a58a0a3c4d059c9fd92e3eae5b42 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QD1-999 R.-G. Zhu verfasserin aut Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average <span class="inline-formula"<Σ</span< sugar concentration (<span class="inline-formula"<317±139</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) than that of the rural (<span class="inline-formula"<181±72</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) and forest (<span class="inline-formula"<275±154</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) areas (<span class="inline-formula"<<i<p</i<<i<<</i<0.05</span<). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM<span class="inline-formula"<<sub<2.5</sub<</span< was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (<span class="inline-formula"<Lev=0.07</span< K<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<msup<<mi/<<mo<+</mo<</msup<<mo<+</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<37.7</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.6</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55ce6657540f73a5938d418c6df7e1a6"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<). In addition, the average levoglucosan / mannosan (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow class="chem"<<mi mathvariant="normal"<L</mi<<mo</</mo<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91dd8f05cf87f49ca006136e14fcc416"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2), implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are abundant in the topsoil (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.53</mn<<mo<∼</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.62</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ac616787877eb9b9f63f883cc8311e64"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<), suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.</p< Physics Chemistry R.-G. Zhu verfasserin aut H.-Y. Xiao verfasserin aut L. Cheng verfasserin aut L. Cheng verfasserin aut H. Zhu verfasserin aut H. Zhu verfasserin aut H. Xiao verfasserin aut Y. Gong verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Copernicus Publications, 2003 22(2022), Seite 14019-14036 (DE-627)092499996 16807324 nnns volume:22 year:2022 pages:14019-14036 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/3014a58a0a3c4d059c9fd92e3eae5b42 kostenfrei https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/14019/2022/acp-22-14019-2022.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_381 AR 22 2022 14019-14036 |
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Zhu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a"><p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average <span class="inline-formula"<Σ</span< sugar concentration (<span class="inline-formula"<317±139</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) than that of the rural (<span class="inline-formula"<181±72</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) and forest (<span class="inline-formula"<275±154</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) areas (<span class="inline-formula"<<i<p</i<<i<&lt;</i<0.05</span<). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM<span class="inline-formula"<<sub<2.5</sub<</span< was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (<span class="inline-formula"<Lev=0.07</span< K<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<msup<<mi/<<mo<+</mo<</msup<<mo<+</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<37.7</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.6</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<&lt;</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55ce6657540f73a5938d418c6df7e1a6"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<). In addition, the average levoglucosan / mannosan (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow class="chem"<<mi mathvariant="normal"<L</mi<<mo</</mo<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91dd8f05cf87f49ca006136e14fcc416"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2), implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are abundant in the topsoil (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.53</mn<<mo<∼</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.62</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<&lt;</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ac616787877eb9b9f63f883cc8311e64"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<), suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.</p<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Physics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Chemistry</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">R.-G. Zhu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">H.-Y. 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QC1-999 QD1-999 Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources |
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Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources |
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Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources |
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measurement report: characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources |
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QC1-999 |
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Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources |
| abstract |
<p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average <span class="inline-formula"<Σ</span< sugar concentration (<span class="inline-formula"<317±139</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) than that of the rural (<span class="inline-formula"<181±72</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) and forest (<span class="inline-formula"<275±154</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) areas (<span class="inline-formula"<<i<p</i<<i<<</i<0.05</span<). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM<span class="inline-formula"<<sub<2.5</sub<</span< was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (<span class="inline-formula"<Lev=0.07</span< K<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<msup<<mi/<<mo<+</mo<</msup<<mo<+</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<37.7</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.6</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55ce6657540f73a5938d418c6df7e1a6"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<). In addition, the average levoglucosan / mannosan (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow class="chem"<<mi mathvariant="normal"<L</mi<<mo</</mo<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91dd8f05cf87f49ca006136e14fcc416"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2), implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are abundant in the topsoil (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.53</mn<<mo<∼</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.62</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ac616787877eb9b9f63f883cc8311e64"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<), suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.</p< |
| abstractGer |
<p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average <span class="inline-formula"<Σ</span< sugar concentration (<span class="inline-formula"<317±139</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) than that of the rural (<span class="inline-formula"<181±72</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) and forest (<span class="inline-formula"<275±154</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) areas (<span class="inline-formula"<<i<p</i<<i<<</i<0.05</span<). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM<span class="inline-formula"<<sub<2.5</sub<</span< was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (<span class="inline-formula"<Lev=0.07</span< K<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<msup<<mi/<<mo<+</mo<</msup<<mo<+</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<37.7</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.6</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55ce6657540f73a5938d418c6df7e1a6"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<). In addition, the average levoglucosan / mannosan (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow class="chem"<<mi mathvariant="normal"<L</mi<<mo</</mo<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91dd8f05cf87f49ca006136e14fcc416"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2), implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are abundant in the topsoil (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.53</mn<<mo<∼</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.62</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ac616787877eb9b9f63f883cc8311e64"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<), suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.</p< |
| abstract_unstemmed |
<p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average <span class="inline-formula"<Σ</span< sugar concentration (<span class="inline-formula"<317±139</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) than that of the rural (<span class="inline-formula"<181±72</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) and forest (<span class="inline-formula"<275±154</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) areas (<span class="inline-formula"<<i<p</i<<i<<</i<0.05</span<). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM<span class="inline-formula"<<sub<2.5</sub<</span< was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (<span class="inline-formula"<Lev=0.07</span< K<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<msup<<mi/<<mo<+</mo<</msup<<mo<+</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<37.7</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.6</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55ce6657540f73a5938d418c6df7e1a6"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<). In addition, the average levoglucosan / mannosan (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow class="chem"<<mi mathvariant="normal"<L</mi<<mo</</mo<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91dd8f05cf87f49ca006136e14fcc416"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2), implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are abundant in the topsoil (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.53</mn<<mo<∼</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.62</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<<</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ac616787877eb9b9f63f883cc8311e64"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<), suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.</p< |
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Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources |
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https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 https://doaj.org/article/3014a58a0a3c4d059c9fd92e3eae5b42 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/14019/2022/acp-22-14019-2022.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 |
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R.-G. Zhu H.-Y. Xiao L. Cheng H. Zhu H. Xiao Y. Gong |
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R.-G. Zhu H.-Y. Xiao L. Cheng H. Zhu H. Xiao Y. Gong |
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QC - Physics |
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10.5194/acp-22-14019-2022 |
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QC1-999 |
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2024-07-03T18:22:11.324Z |
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Zhu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a"><p<Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average <span class="inline-formula"<Σ</span< sugar concentration (<span class="inline-formula"<317±139</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) than that of the rural (<span class="inline-formula"<181±72</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) and forest (<span class="inline-formula"<275±154</span< ng m<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<−3</sup<</span<) areas (<span class="inline-formula"<<i<p</i<<i<&lt;</i<0.05</span<). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM<span class="inline-formula"<<sub<2.5</sub<</span< was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (<span class="inline-formula"<Lev=0.07</span< K<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<msup<<mi/<<mo<+</mo<</msup<<mo<+</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<37.7</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.6</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<&lt;</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="55ce6657540f73a5938d418c6df7e1a6"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.svg" width="118pt" height="13pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00001.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<). In addition, the average levoglucosan / mannosan (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow class="chem"<<mi mathvariant="normal"<L</mi<<mo</</mo<<mi mathvariant="normal"<M</mi<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="91dd8f05cf87f49ca006136e14fcc416"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00002.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2), implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are abundant in the topsoil (<span class="inline-formula"<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"<<mrow<<mi<r</mi<<mo<=</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.53</mn<<mo<∼</mo<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.62</mn<<mo<,</mo<<mi<p</mi<<mi mathvariant="italic"<&lt;</mi<<mn mathvariant="normal"<0.05</mn<</mrow<</math<<span<<svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ac616787877eb9b9f63f883cc8311e64"<<svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.svg" width="115pt" height="12pt" src="acp-22-14019-2022-ie00003.png"/<</svg:svg<</span<</span<), suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.</p<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Physics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Chemistry</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">R.-G. Zhu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">H.-Y. 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