Postoperative complications associated with open reduction and internal fixation of long bone fractures in calves
Objectives: Surgical reduction with plate fixation and wire sutures is helpful for the functional restoration of a broken limb for improved clinical management of long bone fractures. Postoperative problems are highly likely following long-bone fractures in the calves. The goal of this study was to...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Mst. Antora Akter [verfasserIn] Md. Mahmudul Alam [verfasserIn] Md. Rafiqul Alam [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2022 |
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Schlagwörter: |
fracture; plate fixation; suture wire; complications; infection; calves |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Veterinary Research Notes - Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh, 2022, 2(2022), 9, Seite 63-67 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:2 ; year:2022 ; number:9 ; pages:63-67 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.5455/vrn.2022.b16 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ083824707 |
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520 | |a Objectives: Surgical reduction with plate fixation and wire sutures is helpful for the functional restoration of a broken limb for improved clinical management of long bone fractures. Postoperative problems are highly likely following long-bone fractures in the calves. The goal of this study was to find out what the most common problems were after surgery for all of these fracture treatment methods. Materials and Methods: The results of calves who received the two surgical methods with and without problems were compared. All calves underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a bone plate and full cerclage wire. On days 0, 14, and 28 after surgery, with or without complications, the clinical outcomes, such as wound infection, delayed union or non-union, and rotational misalignment was looked at. Results: In this study, 8 problems were reported out of 10 calves. The most prevalent complications included severe misalignment, wound infection, implant failure, and delayed union. Open fractures managed with plate fixation had the highest rate of problems compared to full cerclage wire. After a bacteriological study, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were among the bacteria that caused acute infections at complicated fracture sites. Conclusion: This study exhibited that the full cerclage wire suture was associated with fewer complications compared to that plate fixation. However, further studies and evidence are necessary on a large sample size to draw a precise conclusion. [Vet. Res. Notes 2022; 2(9.000): 63-67] | ||
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10.5455/vrn.2022.b16 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083824707 (DE-599)DOAJd3a08d85281a44f4ab56fc53ed65d82e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 Mst. Antora Akter verfasserin aut Postoperative complications associated with open reduction and internal fixation of long bone fractures in calves 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objectives: Surgical reduction with plate fixation and wire sutures is helpful for the functional restoration of a broken limb for improved clinical management of long bone fractures. Postoperative problems are highly likely following long-bone fractures in the calves. The goal of this study was to find out what the most common problems were after surgery for all of these fracture treatment methods. Materials and Methods: The results of calves who received the two surgical methods with and without problems were compared. All calves underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a bone plate and full cerclage wire. On days 0, 14, and 28 after surgery, with or without complications, the clinical outcomes, such as wound infection, delayed union or non-union, and rotational misalignment was looked at. Results: In this study, 8 problems were reported out of 10 calves. The most prevalent complications included severe misalignment, wound infection, implant failure, and delayed union. Open fractures managed with plate fixation had the highest rate of problems compared to full cerclage wire. After a bacteriological study, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were among the bacteria that caused acute infections at complicated fracture sites. Conclusion: This study exhibited that the full cerclage wire suture was associated with fewer complications compared to that plate fixation. However, further studies and evidence are necessary on a large sample size to draw a precise conclusion. [Vet. Res. Notes 2022; 2(9.000): 63-67] fracture; plate fixation; suture wire; complications; infection; calves Veterinary medicine Md. Mahmudul Alam verfasserin aut Md. Rafiqul Alam verfasserin aut In Veterinary Research Notes Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh, 2022 2(2022), 9, Seite 63-67 (DE-627)178577252X 27902218 nnns volume:2 year:2022 number:9 pages:63-67 https://doi.org/10.5455/vrn.2022.b16 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d3a08d85281a44f4ab56fc53ed65d82e kostenfrei http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=102346 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2790-2218 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2022 9 63-67 |
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10.5455/vrn.2022.b16 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083824707 (DE-599)DOAJd3a08d85281a44f4ab56fc53ed65d82e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 Mst. Antora Akter verfasserin aut Postoperative complications associated with open reduction and internal fixation of long bone fractures in calves 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objectives: Surgical reduction with plate fixation and wire sutures is helpful for the functional restoration of a broken limb for improved clinical management of long bone fractures. Postoperative problems are highly likely following long-bone fractures in the calves. The goal of this study was to find out what the most common problems were after surgery for all of these fracture treatment methods. Materials and Methods: The results of calves who received the two surgical methods with and without problems were compared. All calves underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a bone plate and full cerclage wire. On days 0, 14, and 28 after surgery, with or without complications, the clinical outcomes, such as wound infection, delayed union or non-union, and rotational misalignment was looked at. Results: In this study, 8 problems were reported out of 10 calves. The most prevalent complications included severe misalignment, wound infection, implant failure, and delayed union. Open fractures managed with plate fixation had the highest rate of problems compared to full cerclage wire. After a bacteriological study, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were among the bacteria that caused acute infections at complicated fracture sites. Conclusion: This study exhibited that the full cerclage wire suture was associated with fewer complications compared to that plate fixation. However, further studies and evidence are necessary on a large sample size to draw a precise conclusion. [Vet. Res. Notes 2022; 2(9.000): 63-67] fracture; plate fixation; suture wire; complications; infection; calves Veterinary medicine Md. Mahmudul Alam verfasserin aut Md. Rafiqul Alam verfasserin aut In Veterinary Research Notes Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh, 2022 2(2022), 9, Seite 63-67 (DE-627)178577252X 27902218 nnns volume:2 year:2022 number:9 pages:63-67 https://doi.org/10.5455/vrn.2022.b16 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d3a08d85281a44f4ab56fc53ed65d82e kostenfrei http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=102346 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2790-2218 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2022 9 63-67 |
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10.5455/vrn.2022.b16 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083824707 (DE-599)DOAJd3a08d85281a44f4ab56fc53ed65d82e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 Mst. Antora Akter verfasserin aut Postoperative complications associated with open reduction and internal fixation of long bone fractures in calves 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objectives: Surgical reduction with plate fixation and wire sutures is helpful for the functional restoration of a broken limb for improved clinical management of long bone fractures. Postoperative problems are highly likely following long-bone fractures in the calves. The goal of this study was to find out what the most common problems were after surgery for all of these fracture treatment methods. Materials and Methods: The results of calves who received the two surgical methods with and without problems were compared. All calves underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a bone plate and full cerclage wire. On days 0, 14, and 28 after surgery, with or without complications, the clinical outcomes, such as wound infection, delayed union or non-union, and rotational misalignment was looked at. Results: In this study, 8 problems were reported out of 10 calves. The most prevalent complications included severe misalignment, wound infection, implant failure, and delayed union. Open fractures managed with plate fixation had the highest rate of problems compared to full cerclage wire. After a bacteriological study, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were among the bacteria that caused acute infections at complicated fracture sites. Conclusion: This study exhibited that the full cerclage wire suture was associated with fewer complications compared to that plate fixation. However, further studies and evidence are necessary on a large sample size to draw a precise conclusion. [Vet. Res. Notes 2022; 2(9.000): 63-67] fracture; plate fixation; suture wire; complications; infection; calves Veterinary medicine Md. Mahmudul Alam verfasserin aut Md. Rafiqul Alam verfasserin aut In Veterinary Research Notes Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh, 2022 2(2022), 9, Seite 63-67 (DE-627)178577252X 27902218 nnns volume:2 year:2022 number:9 pages:63-67 https://doi.org/10.5455/vrn.2022.b16 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d3a08d85281a44f4ab56fc53ed65d82e kostenfrei http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=102346 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2790-2218 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2022 9 63-67 |
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10.5455/vrn.2022.b16 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083824707 (DE-599)DOAJd3a08d85281a44f4ab56fc53ed65d82e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 Mst. Antora Akter verfasserin aut Postoperative complications associated with open reduction and internal fixation of long bone fractures in calves 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objectives: Surgical reduction with plate fixation and wire sutures is helpful for the functional restoration of a broken limb for improved clinical management of long bone fractures. Postoperative problems are highly likely following long-bone fractures in the calves. The goal of this study was to find out what the most common problems were after surgery for all of these fracture treatment methods. Materials and Methods: The results of calves who received the two surgical methods with and without problems were compared. All calves underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a bone plate and full cerclage wire. On days 0, 14, and 28 after surgery, with or without complications, the clinical outcomes, such as wound infection, delayed union or non-union, and rotational misalignment was looked at. Results: In this study, 8 problems were reported out of 10 calves. The most prevalent complications included severe misalignment, wound infection, implant failure, and delayed union. Open fractures managed with plate fixation had the highest rate of problems compared to full cerclage wire. After a bacteriological study, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were among the bacteria that caused acute infections at complicated fracture sites. Conclusion: This study exhibited that the full cerclage wire suture was associated with fewer complications compared to that plate fixation. However, further studies and evidence are necessary on a large sample size to draw a precise conclusion. [Vet. Res. Notes 2022; 2(9.000): 63-67] fracture; plate fixation; suture wire; complications; infection; calves Veterinary medicine Md. Mahmudul Alam verfasserin aut Md. Rafiqul Alam verfasserin aut In Veterinary Research Notes Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh, 2022 2(2022), 9, Seite 63-67 (DE-627)178577252X 27902218 nnns volume:2 year:2022 number:9 pages:63-67 https://doi.org/10.5455/vrn.2022.b16 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d3a08d85281a44f4ab56fc53ed65d82e kostenfrei http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=102346 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2790-2218 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2022 9 63-67 |
allfieldsSound |
10.5455/vrn.2022.b16 doi (DE-627)DOAJ083824707 (DE-599)DOAJd3a08d85281a44f4ab56fc53ed65d82e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SF600-1100 Mst. Antora Akter verfasserin aut Postoperative complications associated with open reduction and internal fixation of long bone fractures in calves 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objectives: Surgical reduction with plate fixation and wire sutures is helpful for the functional restoration of a broken limb for improved clinical management of long bone fractures. Postoperative problems are highly likely following long-bone fractures in the calves. The goal of this study was to find out what the most common problems were after surgery for all of these fracture treatment methods. Materials and Methods: The results of calves who received the two surgical methods with and without problems were compared. All calves underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a bone plate and full cerclage wire. On days 0, 14, and 28 after surgery, with or without complications, the clinical outcomes, such as wound infection, delayed union or non-union, and rotational misalignment was looked at. Results: In this study, 8 problems were reported out of 10 calves. The most prevalent complications included severe misalignment, wound infection, implant failure, and delayed union. Open fractures managed with plate fixation had the highest rate of problems compared to full cerclage wire. After a bacteriological study, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were among the bacteria that caused acute infections at complicated fracture sites. Conclusion: This study exhibited that the full cerclage wire suture was associated with fewer complications compared to that plate fixation. However, further studies and evidence are necessary on a large sample size to draw a precise conclusion. [Vet. Res. Notes 2022; 2(9.000): 63-67] fracture; plate fixation; suture wire; complications; infection; calves Veterinary medicine Md. Mahmudul Alam verfasserin aut Md. Rafiqul Alam verfasserin aut In Veterinary Research Notes Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh, 2022 2(2022), 9, Seite 63-67 (DE-627)178577252X 27902218 nnns volume:2 year:2022 number:9 pages:63-67 https://doi.org/10.5455/vrn.2022.b16 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d3a08d85281a44f4ab56fc53ed65d82e kostenfrei http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=102346 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2790-2218 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2 2022 9 63-67 |
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Antora Akter</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Postoperative complications associated with open reduction and internal fixation of long bone fractures in calves</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Objectives: Surgical reduction with plate fixation and wire sutures is helpful for the functional restoration of a broken limb for improved clinical management of long bone fractures. Postoperative problems are highly likely following long-bone fractures in the calves. The goal of this study was to find out what the most common problems were after surgery for all of these fracture treatment methods. Materials and Methods: The results of calves who received the two surgical methods with and without problems were compared. All calves underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a bone plate and full cerclage wire. On days 0, 14, and 28 after surgery, with or without complications, the clinical outcomes, such as wound infection, delayed union or non-union, and rotational misalignment was looked at. Results: In this study, 8 problems were reported out of 10 calves. The most prevalent complications included severe misalignment, wound infection, implant failure, and delayed union. Open fractures managed with plate fixation had the highest rate of problems compared to full cerclage wire. 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Postoperative complications associated with open reduction and internal fixation of long bone fractures in calves |
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Objectives: Surgical reduction with plate fixation and wire sutures is helpful for the functional restoration of a broken limb for improved clinical management of long bone fractures. Postoperative problems are highly likely following long-bone fractures in the calves. The goal of this study was to find out what the most common problems were after surgery for all of these fracture treatment methods. Materials and Methods: The results of calves who received the two surgical methods with and without problems were compared. All calves underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a bone plate and full cerclage wire. On days 0, 14, and 28 after surgery, with or without complications, the clinical outcomes, such as wound infection, delayed union or non-union, and rotational misalignment was looked at. Results: In this study, 8 problems were reported out of 10 calves. The most prevalent complications included severe misalignment, wound infection, implant failure, and delayed union. Open fractures managed with plate fixation had the highest rate of problems compared to full cerclage wire. After a bacteriological study, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were among the bacteria that caused acute infections at complicated fracture sites. Conclusion: This study exhibited that the full cerclage wire suture was associated with fewer complications compared to that plate fixation. However, further studies and evidence are necessary on a large sample size to draw a precise conclusion. [Vet. Res. Notes 2022; 2(9.000): 63-67] |
abstractGer |
Objectives: Surgical reduction with plate fixation and wire sutures is helpful for the functional restoration of a broken limb for improved clinical management of long bone fractures. Postoperative problems are highly likely following long-bone fractures in the calves. The goal of this study was to find out what the most common problems were after surgery for all of these fracture treatment methods. Materials and Methods: The results of calves who received the two surgical methods with and without problems were compared. All calves underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a bone plate and full cerclage wire. On days 0, 14, and 28 after surgery, with or without complications, the clinical outcomes, such as wound infection, delayed union or non-union, and rotational misalignment was looked at. Results: In this study, 8 problems were reported out of 10 calves. The most prevalent complications included severe misalignment, wound infection, implant failure, and delayed union. Open fractures managed with plate fixation had the highest rate of problems compared to full cerclage wire. After a bacteriological study, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were among the bacteria that caused acute infections at complicated fracture sites. Conclusion: This study exhibited that the full cerclage wire suture was associated with fewer complications compared to that plate fixation. However, further studies and evidence are necessary on a large sample size to draw a precise conclusion. [Vet. Res. Notes 2022; 2(9.000): 63-67] |
abstract_unstemmed |
Objectives: Surgical reduction with plate fixation and wire sutures is helpful for the functional restoration of a broken limb for improved clinical management of long bone fractures. Postoperative problems are highly likely following long-bone fractures in the calves. The goal of this study was to find out what the most common problems were after surgery for all of these fracture treatment methods. Materials and Methods: The results of calves who received the two surgical methods with and without problems were compared. All calves underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a bone plate and full cerclage wire. On days 0, 14, and 28 after surgery, with or without complications, the clinical outcomes, such as wound infection, delayed union or non-union, and rotational misalignment was looked at. Results: In this study, 8 problems were reported out of 10 calves. The most prevalent complications included severe misalignment, wound infection, implant failure, and delayed union. Open fractures managed with plate fixation had the highest rate of problems compared to full cerclage wire. After a bacteriological study, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were among the bacteria that caused acute infections at complicated fracture sites. Conclusion: This study exhibited that the full cerclage wire suture was associated with fewer complications compared to that plate fixation. However, further studies and evidence are necessary on a large sample size to draw a precise conclusion. [Vet. Res. Notes 2022; 2(9.000): 63-67] |
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score |
7.4019346 |