Impact of the New Coronavirus Infection on the Immune System of Children and Adolescents in the Region of the Russian Federation

The emergence of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented public health professionals with new challenges in the diagnosis of the disease and treatment of patients. Nowadays, the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of the disease are studied poorly due to continuous mutation of the pathogen. One of the consequences of the new coronavirus infection could be changes in the immune system of the human population. A detailed analysis of the immunological status of different racial groups under the influence of the new coronavirus infection is currently studied insufficiently, making this work of particular relevance. There is also a reluctance among some Russian residents to be vaccinated, including the population of Perm Krai, due to a lack of research on possible deviations in cellular immunity due to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. At the start of the third wave caused by the new coronavirus infection, only 40% of the Russian population had been vaccinated, which was insufficient to acquire collective immunity. In the autumn of 2021, a QR code measure was introduced for vaccinated residents, which resulted in exceeding the necessary barrier for acquiring collective immunity. Due to the high growth and severity of the disease, we analysed the immunograms of children and adolescents, aged from 5 months to 17 years, in Perm Krai during the pandemic years 2020–2021. The patients’ immunological status results were divided into three categories. Laboratory diagnosis of the human immune system was carried out using serological and flow cytophotometric analyses. A total of 247 samples were analysed. The aim of this work was to investigate changes in the immune system of children and adolescents during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection. The methodology was based on the analysis of immunograms, including biochemical studies, immune status and flow cytophotometric analysis. The immunograms were pre-sorted by IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin status into four categories: absence of disease—<i<k</i<<sub<1</sub< in which IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin values were within the reference interval, active disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<2</sub< in which IgA, IgM immunoglobulins had gone beyond the reference interval, passive disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<3</sub< characterised by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin status, and patient recovery process—<i<k</i<<sub<4</sub<. In the immunograms, three immune status indicators were selected for further investigation: phagocytosis absolute value, phagocytic number and phagocytic index and five flow cytometry indices: leukocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T helpers (CD3+CD4+) and CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulation index. A quantitative analysis of the deviations of these indicators from the reference intervals was performed in the three studied age groups of children and adolescents living in Perm Krai of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of 2020–2021. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Sergey Kostarev [verfasserIn] Oksana Komyagina [verfasserIn] Rustam Fayzrakhmanov [verfasserIn] Daniel Kurushin [verfasserIn] Natalya Tatarnikova [verfasserIn] Oksana Novikova (Kochetova) [verfasserIn] Tatyana Sereda [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	immunograms SARS-CoV-2 immunology

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - MDPI AG, 2005, 19(2022), 13669, p 13669
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:19 ; year:2022 ; number:13669, p 13669

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ijerph192013669

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ084103442

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allfields	10.3390/ijerph192013669 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084103442 (DE-599)DOAJc11fbc6c13f649d1b404ab9701a57d82 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sergey Kostarev verfasserin aut Impact of the New Coronavirus Infection on the Immune System of Children and Adolescents in the Region of the Russian Federation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The emergence of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented public health professionals with new challenges in the diagnosis of the disease and treatment of patients. Nowadays, the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of the disease are studied poorly due to continuous mutation of the pathogen. One of the consequences of the new coronavirus infection could be changes in the immune system of the human population. A detailed analysis of the immunological status of different racial groups under the influence of the new coronavirus infection is currently studied insufficiently, making this work of particular relevance. There is also a reluctance among some Russian residents to be vaccinated, including the population of Perm Krai, due to a lack of research on possible deviations in cellular immunity due to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. At the start of the third wave caused by the new coronavirus infection, only 40% of the Russian population had been vaccinated, which was insufficient to acquire collective immunity. In the autumn of 2021, a QR code measure was introduced for vaccinated residents, which resulted in exceeding the necessary barrier for acquiring collective immunity. Due to the high growth and severity of the disease, we analysed the immunograms of children and adolescents, aged from 5 months to 17 years, in Perm Krai during the pandemic years 2020–2021. The patients’ immunological status results were divided into three categories. Laboratory diagnosis of the human immune system was carried out using serological and flow cytophotometric analyses. A total of 247 samples were analysed. The aim of this work was to investigate changes in the immune system of children and adolescents during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection. The methodology was based on the analysis of immunograms, including biochemical studies, immune status and flow cytophotometric analysis. The immunograms were pre-sorted by IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin status into four categories: absence of disease—<i<k</i<<sub<1</sub< in which IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin values were within the reference interval, active disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<2</sub< in which IgA, IgM immunoglobulins had gone beyond the reference interval, passive disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<3</sub< characterised by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin status, and patient recovery process—<i<k</i<<sub<4</sub<. In the immunograms, three immune status indicators were selected for further investigation: phagocytosis absolute value, phagocytic number and phagocytic index and five flow cytometry indices: leukocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T helpers (CD3+CD4+) and CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulation index. A quantitative analysis of the deviations of these indicators from the reference intervals was performed in the three studied age groups of children and adolescents living in Perm Krai of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of 2020–2021. immunograms SARS-CoV-2 immunology Medicine R Oksana Komyagina verfasserin aut Rustam Fayzrakhmanov verfasserin aut Daniel Kurushin verfasserin aut Natalya Tatarnikova verfasserin aut Oksana Novikova (Kochetova) verfasserin aut Tatyana Sereda verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 19(2022), 13669, p 13669 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:19 year:2022 number:13669, p 13669 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013669 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c11fbc6c13f649d1b404ab9701a57d82 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/20/13669 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2022 13669, p 13669
spelling	10.3390/ijerph192013669 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084103442 (DE-599)DOAJc11fbc6c13f649d1b404ab9701a57d82 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sergey Kostarev verfasserin aut Impact of the New Coronavirus Infection on the Immune System of Children and Adolescents in the Region of the Russian Federation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The emergence of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented public health professionals with new challenges in the diagnosis of the disease and treatment of patients. Nowadays, the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of the disease are studied poorly due to continuous mutation of the pathogen. One of the consequences of the new coronavirus infection could be changes in the immune system of the human population. A detailed analysis of the immunological status of different racial groups under the influence of the new coronavirus infection is currently studied insufficiently, making this work of particular relevance. There is also a reluctance among some Russian residents to be vaccinated, including the population of Perm Krai, due to a lack of research on possible deviations in cellular immunity due to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. At the start of the third wave caused by the new coronavirus infection, only 40% of the Russian population had been vaccinated, which was insufficient to acquire collective immunity. In the autumn of 2021, a QR code measure was introduced for vaccinated residents, which resulted in exceeding the necessary barrier for acquiring collective immunity. Due to the high growth and severity of the disease, we analysed the immunograms of children and adolescents, aged from 5 months to 17 years, in Perm Krai during the pandemic years 2020–2021. The patients’ immunological status results were divided into three categories. Laboratory diagnosis of the human immune system was carried out using serological and flow cytophotometric analyses. A total of 247 samples were analysed. The aim of this work was to investigate changes in the immune system of children and adolescents during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection. The methodology was based on the analysis of immunograms, including biochemical studies, immune status and flow cytophotometric analysis. The immunograms were pre-sorted by IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin status into four categories: absence of disease—<i<k</i<<sub<1</sub< in which IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin values were within the reference interval, active disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<2</sub< in which IgA, IgM immunoglobulins had gone beyond the reference interval, passive disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<3</sub< characterised by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin status, and patient recovery process—<i<k</i<<sub<4</sub<. In the immunograms, three immune status indicators were selected for further investigation: phagocytosis absolute value, phagocytic number and phagocytic index and five flow cytometry indices: leukocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T helpers (CD3+CD4+) and CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulation index. A quantitative analysis of the deviations of these indicators from the reference intervals was performed in the three studied age groups of children and adolescents living in Perm Krai of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of 2020–2021. immunograms SARS-CoV-2 immunology Medicine R Oksana Komyagina verfasserin aut Rustam Fayzrakhmanov verfasserin aut Daniel Kurushin verfasserin aut Natalya Tatarnikova verfasserin aut Oksana Novikova (Kochetova) verfasserin aut Tatyana Sereda verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 19(2022), 13669, p 13669 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:19 year:2022 number:13669, p 13669 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013669 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c11fbc6c13f649d1b404ab9701a57d82 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/20/13669 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2022 13669, p 13669
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/ijerph192013669 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084103442 (DE-599)DOAJc11fbc6c13f649d1b404ab9701a57d82 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sergey Kostarev verfasserin aut Impact of the New Coronavirus Infection on the Immune System of Children and Adolescents in the Region of the Russian Federation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The emergence of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented public health professionals with new challenges in the diagnosis of the disease and treatment of patients. Nowadays, the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of the disease are studied poorly due to continuous mutation of the pathogen. One of the consequences of the new coronavirus infection could be changes in the immune system of the human population. A detailed analysis of the immunological status of different racial groups under the influence of the new coronavirus infection is currently studied insufficiently, making this work of particular relevance. There is also a reluctance among some Russian residents to be vaccinated, including the population of Perm Krai, due to a lack of research on possible deviations in cellular immunity due to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. At the start of the third wave caused by the new coronavirus infection, only 40% of the Russian population had been vaccinated, which was insufficient to acquire collective immunity. In the autumn of 2021, a QR code measure was introduced for vaccinated residents, which resulted in exceeding the necessary barrier for acquiring collective immunity. Due to the high growth and severity of the disease, we analysed the immunograms of children and adolescents, aged from 5 months to 17 years, in Perm Krai during the pandemic years 2020–2021. The patients’ immunological status results were divided into three categories. Laboratory diagnosis of the human immune system was carried out using serological and flow cytophotometric analyses. A total of 247 samples were analysed. The aim of this work was to investigate changes in the immune system of children and adolescents during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection. The methodology was based on the analysis of immunograms, including biochemical studies, immune status and flow cytophotometric analysis. The immunograms were pre-sorted by IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin status into four categories: absence of disease—<i<k</i<<sub<1</sub< in which IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin values were within the reference interval, active disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<2</sub< in which IgA, IgM immunoglobulins had gone beyond the reference interval, passive disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<3</sub< characterised by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin status, and patient recovery process—<i<k</i<<sub<4</sub<. In the immunograms, three immune status indicators were selected for further investigation: phagocytosis absolute value, phagocytic number and phagocytic index and five flow cytometry indices: leukocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T helpers (CD3+CD4+) and CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulation index. A quantitative analysis of the deviations of these indicators from the reference intervals was performed in the three studied age groups of children and adolescents living in Perm Krai of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of 2020–2021. immunograms SARS-CoV-2 immunology Medicine R Oksana Komyagina verfasserin aut Rustam Fayzrakhmanov verfasserin aut Daniel Kurushin verfasserin aut Natalya Tatarnikova verfasserin aut Oksana Novikova (Kochetova) verfasserin aut Tatyana Sereda verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 19(2022), 13669, p 13669 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:19 year:2022 number:13669, p 13669 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013669 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c11fbc6c13f649d1b404ab9701a57d82 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/20/13669 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2022 13669, p 13669
allfieldsGer	10.3390/ijerph192013669 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084103442 (DE-599)DOAJc11fbc6c13f649d1b404ab9701a57d82 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sergey Kostarev verfasserin aut Impact of the New Coronavirus Infection on the Immune System of Children and Adolescents in the Region of the Russian Federation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The emergence of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented public health professionals with new challenges in the diagnosis of the disease and treatment of patients. Nowadays, the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of the disease are studied poorly due to continuous mutation of the pathogen. One of the consequences of the new coronavirus infection could be changes in the immune system of the human population. A detailed analysis of the immunological status of different racial groups under the influence of the new coronavirus infection is currently studied insufficiently, making this work of particular relevance. There is also a reluctance among some Russian residents to be vaccinated, including the population of Perm Krai, due to a lack of research on possible deviations in cellular immunity due to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. At the start of the third wave caused by the new coronavirus infection, only 40% of the Russian population had been vaccinated, which was insufficient to acquire collective immunity. In the autumn of 2021, a QR code measure was introduced for vaccinated residents, which resulted in exceeding the necessary barrier for acquiring collective immunity. Due to the high growth and severity of the disease, we analysed the immunograms of children and adolescents, aged from 5 months to 17 years, in Perm Krai during the pandemic years 2020–2021. The patients’ immunological status results were divided into three categories. Laboratory diagnosis of the human immune system was carried out using serological and flow cytophotometric analyses. A total of 247 samples were analysed. The aim of this work was to investigate changes in the immune system of children and adolescents during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection. The methodology was based on the analysis of immunograms, including biochemical studies, immune status and flow cytophotometric analysis. The immunograms were pre-sorted by IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin status into four categories: absence of disease—<i<k</i<<sub<1</sub< in which IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin values were within the reference interval, active disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<2</sub< in which IgA, IgM immunoglobulins had gone beyond the reference interval, passive disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<3</sub< characterised by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin status, and patient recovery process—<i<k</i<<sub<4</sub<. In the immunograms, three immune status indicators were selected for further investigation: phagocytosis absolute value, phagocytic number and phagocytic index and five flow cytometry indices: leukocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T helpers (CD3+CD4+) and CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulation index. A quantitative analysis of the deviations of these indicators from the reference intervals was performed in the three studied age groups of children and adolescents living in Perm Krai of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of 2020–2021. immunograms SARS-CoV-2 immunology Medicine R Oksana Komyagina verfasserin aut Rustam Fayzrakhmanov verfasserin aut Daniel Kurushin verfasserin aut Natalya Tatarnikova verfasserin aut Oksana Novikova (Kochetova) verfasserin aut Tatyana Sereda verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 19(2022), 13669, p 13669 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:19 year:2022 number:13669, p 13669 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013669 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c11fbc6c13f649d1b404ab9701a57d82 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/20/13669 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2022 13669, p 13669
allfieldsSound	10.3390/ijerph192013669 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084103442 (DE-599)DOAJc11fbc6c13f649d1b404ab9701a57d82 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Sergey Kostarev verfasserin aut Impact of the New Coronavirus Infection on the Immune System of Children and Adolescents in the Region of the Russian Federation 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The emergence of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented public health professionals with new challenges in the diagnosis of the disease and treatment of patients. Nowadays, the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of the disease are studied poorly due to continuous mutation of the pathogen. One of the consequences of the new coronavirus infection could be changes in the immune system of the human population. A detailed analysis of the immunological status of different racial groups under the influence of the new coronavirus infection is currently studied insufficiently, making this work of particular relevance. There is also a reluctance among some Russian residents to be vaccinated, including the population of Perm Krai, due to a lack of research on possible deviations in cellular immunity due to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. At the start of the third wave caused by the new coronavirus infection, only 40% of the Russian population had been vaccinated, which was insufficient to acquire collective immunity. In the autumn of 2021, a QR code measure was introduced for vaccinated residents, which resulted in exceeding the necessary barrier for acquiring collective immunity. Due to the high growth and severity of the disease, we analysed the immunograms of children and adolescents, aged from 5 months to 17 years, in Perm Krai during the pandemic years 2020–2021. The patients’ immunological status results were divided into three categories. Laboratory diagnosis of the human immune system was carried out using serological and flow cytophotometric analyses. A total of 247 samples were analysed. The aim of this work was to investigate changes in the immune system of children and adolescents during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection. The methodology was based on the analysis of immunograms, including biochemical studies, immune status and flow cytophotometric analysis. The immunograms were pre-sorted by IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin status into four categories: absence of disease—<i<k</i<<sub<1</sub< in which IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin values were within the reference interval, active disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<2</sub< in which IgA, IgM immunoglobulins had gone beyond the reference interval, passive disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<3</sub< characterised by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin status, and patient recovery process—<i<k</i<<sub<4</sub<. In the immunograms, three immune status indicators were selected for further investigation: phagocytosis absolute value, phagocytic number and phagocytic index and five flow cytometry indices: leukocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T helpers (CD3+CD4+) and CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulation index. A quantitative analysis of the deviations of these indicators from the reference intervals was performed in the three studied age groups of children and adolescents living in Perm Krai of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of 2020–2021. immunograms SARS-CoV-2 immunology Medicine R Oksana Komyagina verfasserin aut Rustam Fayzrakhmanov verfasserin aut Daniel Kurushin verfasserin aut Natalya Tatarnikova verfasserin aut Oksana Novikova (Kochetova) verfasserin aut Tatyana Sereda verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 19(2022), 13669, p 13669 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:19 year:2022 number:13669, p 13669 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013669 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c11fbc6c13f649d1b404ab9701a57d82 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/20/13669 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 19 2022 13669, p 13669
language	English
source	In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(2022), 13669, p 13669 volume:19 year:2022 number:13669, p 13669
sourceStr	In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(2022), 13669, p 13669 volume:19 year:2022 number:13669, p 13669
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	immunograms SARS-CoV-2 immunology Medicine R
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Sergey Kostarev @@aut@@ Oksana Komyagina @@aut@@ Rustam Fayzrakhmanov @@aut@@ Daniel Kurushin @@aut@@ Natalya Tatarnikova @@aut@@ Oksana Novikova (Kochetova) @@aut@@ Tatyana Sereda @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
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author	Sergey Kostarev
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title	Impact of the New Coronavirus Infection on the Immune System of Children and Adolescents in the Region of the Russian Federation
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title_sort	impact of the new coronavirus infection on the immune system of children and adolescents in the region of the russian federation
title_auth	Impact of the New Coronavirus Infection on the Immune System of Children and Adolescents in the Region of the Russian Federation
abstract	The emergence of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented public health professionals with new challenges in the diagnosis of the disease and treatment of patients. Nowadays, the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of the disease are studied poorly due to continuous mutation of the pathogen. One of the consequences of the new coronavirus infection could be changes in the immune system of the human population. A detailed analysis of the immunological status of different racial groups under the influence of the new coronavirus infection is currently studied insufficiently, making this work of particular relevance. There is also a reluctance among some Russian residents to be vaccinated, including the population of Perm Krai, due to a lack of research on possible deviations in cellular immunity due to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. At the start of the third wave caused by the new coronavirus infection, only 40% of the Russian population had been vaccinated, which was insufficient to acquire collective immunity. In the autumn of 2021, a QR code measure was introduced for vaccinated residents, which resulted in exceeding the necessary barrier for acquiring collective immunity. Due to the high growth and severity of the disease, we analysed the immunograms of children and adolescents, aged from 5 months to 17 years, in Perm Krai during the pandemic years 2020–2021. The patients’ immunological status results were divided into three categories. Laboratory diagnosis of the human immune system was carried out using serological and flow cytophotometric analyses. A total of 247 samples were analysed. The aim of this work was to investigate changes in the immune system of children and adolescents during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection. The methodology was based on the analysis of immunograms, including biochemical studies, immune status and flow cytophotometric analysis. The immunograms were pre-sorted by IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin status into four categories: absence of disease—<i<k</i<<sub<1</sub< in which IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin values were within the reference interval, active disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<2</sub< in which IgA, IgM immunoglobulins had gone beyond the reference interval, passive disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<3</sub< characterised by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin status, and patient recovery process—<i<k</i<<sub<4</sub<. In the immunograms, three immune status indicators were selected for further investigation: phagocytosis absolute value, phagocytic number and phagocytic index and five flow cytometry indices: leukocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T helpers (CD3+CD4+) and CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulation index. A quantitative analysis of the deviations of these indicators from the reference intervals was performed in the three studied age groups of children and adolescents living in Perm Krai of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of 2020–2021.
abstractGer	The emergence of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented public health professionals with new challenges in the diagnosis of the disease and treatment of patients. Nowadays, the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of the disease are studied poorly due to continuous mutation of the pathogen. One of the consequences of the new coronavirus infection could be changes in the immune system of the human population. A detailed analysis of the immunological status of different racial groups under the influence of the new coronavirus infection is currently studied insufficiently, making this work of particular relevance. There is also a reluctance among some Russian residents to be vaccinated, including the population of Perm Krai, due to a lack of research on possible deviations in cellular immunity due to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. At the start of the third wave caused by the new coronavirus infection, only 40% of the Russian population had been vaccinated, which was insufficient to acquire collective immunity. In the autumn of 2021, a QR code measure was introduced for vaccinated residents, which resulted in exceeding the necessary barrier for acquiring collective immunity. Due to the high growth and severity of the disease, we analysed the immunograms of children and adolescents, aged from 5 months to 17 years, in Perm Krai during the pandemic years 2020–2021. The patients’ immunological status results were divided into three categories. Laboratory diagnosis of the human immune system was carried out using serological and flow cytophotometric analyses. A total of 247 samples were analysed. The aim of this work was to investigate changes in the immune system of children and adolescents during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection. The methodology was based on the analysis of immunograms, including biochemical studies, immune status and flow cytophotometric analysis. The immunograms were pre-sorted by IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin status into four categories: absence of disease—<i<k</i<<sub<1</sub< in which IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin values were within the reference interval, active disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<2</sub< in which IgA, IgM immunoglobulins had gone beyond the reference interval, passive disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<3</sub< characterised by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin status, and patient recovery process—<i<k</i<<sub<4</sub<. In the immunograms, three immune status indicators were selected for further investigation: phagocytosis absolute value, phagocytic number and phagocytic index and five flow cytometry indices: leukocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T helpers (CD3+CD4+) and CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulation index. A quantitative analysis of the deviations of these indicators from the reference intervals was performed in the three studied age groups of children and adolescents living in Perm Krai of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of 2020–2021.
abstract_unstemmed	The emergence of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has presented public health professionals with new challenges in the diagnosis of the disease and treatment of patients. Nowadays, the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of the disease are studied poorly due to continuous mutation of the pathogen. One of the consequences of the new coronavirus infection could be changes in the immune system of the human population. A detailed analysis of the immunological status of different racial groups under the influence of the new coronavirus infection is currently studied insufficiently, making this work of particular relevance. There is also a reluctance among some Russian residents to be vaccinated, including the population of Perm Krai, due to a lack of research on possible deviations in cellular immunity due to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. At the start of the third wave caused by the new coronavirus infection, only 40% of the Russian population had been vaccinated, which was insufficient to acquire collective immunity. In the autumn of 2021, a QR code measure was introduced for vaccinated residents, which resulted in exceeding the necessary barrier for acquiring collective immunity. Due to the high growth and severity of the disease, we analysed the immunograms of children and adolescents, aged from 5 months to 17 years, in Perm Krai during the pandemic years 2020–2021. The patients’ immunological status results were divided into three categories. Laboratory diagnosis of the human immune system was carried out using serological and flow cytophotometric analyses. A total of 247 samples were analysed. The aim of this work was to investigate changes in the immune system of children and adolescents during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection. The methodology was based on the analysis of immunograms, including biochemical studies, immune status and flow cytophotometric analysis. The immunograms were pre-sorted by IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin status into four categories: absence of disease—<i<k</i<<sub<1</sub< in which IgA, IgM, IgG immunoglobulin values were within the reference interval, active disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<2</sub< in which IgA, IgM immunoglobulins had gone beyond the reference interval, passive disease stage—<i<k</i<<sub<3</sub< characterised by IgG and IgM immunoglobulin status, and patient recovery process—<i<k</i<<sub<4</sub<. In the immunograms, three immune status indicators were selected for further investigation: phagocytosis absolute value, phagocytic number and phagocytic index and five flow cytometry indices: leukocytes, lymphocytes, NK cells (CD16+CD56+), T helpers (CD3+CD4+) and CD4+/CD8+ immunoregulation index. A quantitative analysis of the deviations of these indicators from the reference intervals was performed in the three studied age groups of children and adolescents living in Perm Krai of the Russian Federation during the pandemic of 2020–2021.
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title_short	Impact of the New Coronavirus Infection on the Immune System of Children and Adolescents in the Region of the Russian Federation
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Impact of the New Coronavirus Infection on the Immune System of Children and Adolescents in the Region of the Russian Federation

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