Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland

Introduction The aim of our study was to analyze the regional differences in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and its co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland in the year 2017. Material and methods Data from all levels of healthcare services at public and p...
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Autor*in:	Milena Kozioł [verfasserIn] Michał S. Nowak [verfasserIn] Beata Koń [verfasserIn] Monika Udziela [verfasserIn] Jacek P. Szaflik [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	diabetic retinopathy diabetes mellitus epidemiology public health moran’s i statistics

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Archives of Medical Science - Termedia Publishing House, 2019, 18(2021), 2, Seite 320-327
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:18 ; year:2021 ; number:2 ; pages:320-327

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.5114/aoms/131264

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ084548614

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520			\|a Introduction The aim of our study was to analyze the regional differences in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and its co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland in the year 2017. Material and methods Data from all levels of healthcare services at public and private institutions recorded in the National Health Fund database were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and with DR. Moran's I statistics and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model allowed to understand the distribution of DR prevalence, and its possible association with environmental and demographic exposures. Results In total, 310,815 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were diagnosed in the year 2017 in Poland. Of them, 174,384 (56.11%) were women, 221,144 (71.15%) lived in urban areas, and 40,231 (12.94%) and 270,584 (87.06%) had type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively. The analysis of the SAR model showed that the significant factors for the occurrence of DR in particular counties were a higher level of average income and a higher number of ophthalmologic consultations per 10,000 adults. Conclusions The analyses of social, demographic, and systemic factors co-existing with DR revealed that the level of income and the access to the ophthalmologic and diabetic service are crucial in DR prevalence in Poland.
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allfields	10.5114/aoms/131264 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084548614 (DE-599)DOAJ467d09c69f3b4ab59e7555239838586e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Milena Kozioł verfasserin aut Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction The aim of our study was to analyze the regional differences in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and its co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland in the year 2017. Material and methods Data from all levels of healthcare services at public and private institutions recorded in the National Health Fund database were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and with DR. Moran's I statistics and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model allowed to understand the distribution of DR prevalence, and its possible association with environmental and demographic exposures. Results In total, 310,815 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were diagnosed in the year 2017 in Poland. Of them, 174,384 (56.11%) were women, 221,144 (71.15%) lived in urban areas, and 40,231 (12.94%) and 270,584 (87.06%) had type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively. The analysis of the SAR model showed that the significant factors for the occurrence of DR in particular counties were a higher level of average income and a higher number of ophthalmologic consultations per 10,000 adults. Conclusions The analyses of social, demographic, and systemic factors co-existing with DR revealed that the level of income and the access to the ophthalmologic and diabetic service are crucial in DR prevalence in Poland. diabetic retinopathy diabetes mellitus epidemiology public health moran’s i statistics Medicine R Michał S. Nowak verfasserin aut Beata Koń verfasserin aut Monika Udziela verfasserin aut Jacek P. Szaflik verfasserin aut In Archives of Medical Science Termedia Publishing House, 2019 18(2021), 2, Seite 320-327 (DE-627)500321612 (DE-600)2203781-0 18969151 nnns volume:18 year:2021 number:2 pages:320-327 https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/131264 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/467d09c69f3b4ab59e7555239838586e kostenfrei https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/Regional-analysis-of-diabetic-retinopathy-and-co-existing-social-and-demographic,131264,0,2.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1734-1922 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1896-9151 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2021 2 320-327
spelling	10.5114/aoms/131264 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084548614 (DE-599)DOAJ467d09c69f3b4ab59e7555239838586e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Milena Kozioł verfasserin aut Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction The aim of our study was to analyze the regional differences in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and its co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland in the year 2017. Material and methods Data from all levels of healthcare services at public and private institutions recorded in the National Health Fund database were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and with DR. Moran's I statistics and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model allowed to understand the distribution of DR prevalence, and its possible association with environmental and demographic exposures. Results In total, 310,815 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were diagnosed in the year 2017 in Poland. Of them, 174,384 (56.11%) were women, 221,144 (71.15%) lived in urban areas, and 40,231 (12.94%) and 270,584 (87.06%) had type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively. The analysis of the SAR model showed that the significant factors for the occurrence of DR in particular counties were a higher level of average income and a higher number of ophthalmologic consultations per 10,000 adults. Conclusions The analyses of social, demographic, and systemic factors co-existing with DR revealed that the level of income and the access to the ophthalmologic and diabetic service are crucial in DR prevalence in Poland. diabetic retinopathy diabetes mellitus epidemiology public health moran’s i statistics Medicine R Michał S. Nowak verfasserin aut Beata Koń verfasserin aut Monika Udziela verfasserin aut Jacek P. Szaflik verfasserin aut In Archives of Medical Science Termedia Publishing House, 2019 18(2021), 2, Seite 320-327 (DE-627)500321612 (DE-600)2203781-0 18969151 nnns volume:18 year:2021 number:2 pages:320-327 https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/131264 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/467d09c69f3b4ab59e7555239838586e kostenfrei https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/Regional-analysis-of-diabetic-retinopathy-and-co-existing-social-and-demographic,131264,0,2.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1734-1922 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1896-9151 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2021 2 320-327
allfields_unstemmed	10.5114/aoms/131264 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084548614 (DE-599)DOAJ467d09c69f3b4ab59e7555239838586e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Milena Kozioł verfasserin aut Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction The aim of our study was to analyze the regional differences in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and its co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland in the year 2017. Material and methods Data from all levels of healthcare services at public and private institutions recorded in the National Health Fund database were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and with DR. Moran's I statistics and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model allowed to understand the distribution of DR prevalence, and its possible association with environmental and demographic exposures. Results In total, 310,815 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were diagnosed in the year 2017 in Poland. Of them, 174,384 (56.11%) were women, 221,144 (71.15%) lived in urban areas, and 40,231 (12.94%) and 270,584 (87.06%) had type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively. The analysis of the SAR model showed that the significant factors for the occurrence of DR in particular counties were a higher level of average income and a higher number of ophthalmologic consultations per 10,000 adults. Conclusions The analyses of social, demographic, and systemic factors co-existing with DR revealed that the level of income and the access to the ophthalmologic and diabetic service are crucial in DR prevalence in Poland. diabetic retinopathy diabetes mellitus epidemiology public health moran’s i statistics Medicine R Michał S. Nowak verfasserin aut Beata Koń verfasserin aut Monika Udziela verfasserin aut Jacek P. Szaflik verfasserin aut In Archives of Medical Science Termedia Publishing House, 2019 18(2021), 2, Seite 320-327 (DE-627)500321612 (DE-600)2203781-0 18969151 nnns volume:18 year:2021 number:2 pages:320-327 https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/131264 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/467d09c69f3b4ab59e7555239838586e kostenfrei https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/Regional-analysis-of-diabetic-retinopathy-and-co-existing-social-and-demographic,131264,0,2.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1734-1922 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1896-9151 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2021 2 320-327
allfieldsGer	10.5114/aoms/131264 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084548614 (DE-599)DOAJ467d09c69f3b4ab59e7555239838586e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Milena Kozioł verfasserin aut Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction The aim of our study was to analyze the regional differences in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and its co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland in the year 2017. Material and methods Data from all levels of healthcare services at public and private institutions recorded in the National Health Fund database were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and with DR. Moran's I statistics and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model allowed to understand the distribution of DR prevalence, and its possible association with environmental and demographic exposures. Results In total, 310,815 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were diagnosed in the year 2017 in Poland. Of them, 174,384 (56.11%) were women, 221,144 (71.15%) lived in urban areas, and 40,231 (12.94%) and 270,584 (87.06%) had type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively. The analysis of the SAR model showed that the significant factors for the occurrence of DR in particular counties were a higher level of average income and a higher number of ophthalmologic consultations per 10,000 adults. Conclusions The analyses of social, demographic, and systemic factors co-existing with DR revealed that the level of income and the access to the ophthalmologic and diabetic service are crucial in DR prevalence in Poland. diabetic retinopathy diabetes mellitus epidemiology public health moran’s i statistics Medicine R Michał S. Nowak verfasserin aut Beata Koń verfasserin aut Monika Udziela verfasserin aut Jacek P. Szaflik verfasserin aut In Archives of Medical Science Termedia Publishing House, 2019 18(2021), 2, Seite 320-327 (DE-627)500321612 (DE-600)2203781-0 18969151 nnns volume:18 year:2021 number:2 pages:320-327 https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/131264 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/467d09c69f3b4ab59e7555239838586e kostenfrei https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/Regional-analysis-of-diabetic-retinopathy-and-co-existing-social-and-demographic,131264,0,2.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1734-1922 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1896-9151 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2021 2 320-327
allfieldsSound	10.5114/aoms/131264 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084548614 (DE-599)DOAJ467d09c69f3b4ab59e7555239838586e DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Milena Kozioł verfasserin aut Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction The aim of our study was to analyze the regional differences in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and its co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland in the year 2017. Material and methods Data from all levels of healthcare services at public and private institutions recorded in the National Health Fund database were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and with DR. Moran's I statistics and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model allowed to understand the distribution of DR prevalence, and its possible association with environmental and demographic exposures. Results In total, 310,815 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were diagnosed in the year 2017 in Poland. Of them, 174,384 (56.11%) were women, 221,144 (71.15%) lived in urban areas, and 40,231 (12.94%) and 270,584 (87.06%) had type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively. The analysis of the SAR model showed that the significant factors for the occurrence of DR in particular counties were a higher level of average income and a higher number of ophthalmologic consultations per 10,000 adults. Conclusions The analyses of social, demographic, and systemic factors co-existing with DR revealed that the level of income and the access to the ophthalmologic and diabetic service are crucial in DR prevalence in Poland. diabetic retinopathy diabetes mellitus epidemiology public health moran’s i statistics Medicine R Michał S. Nowak verfasserin aut Beata Koń verfasserin aut Monika Udziela verfasserin aut Jacek P. Szaflik verfasserin aut In Archives of Medical Science Termedia Publishing House, 2019 18(2021), 2, Seite 320-327 (DE-627)500321612 (DE-600)2203781-0 18969151 nnns volume:18 year:2021 number:2 pages:320-327 https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/131264 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/467d09c69f3b4ab59e7555239838586e kostenfrei https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/Regional-analysis-of-diabetic-retinopathy-and-co-existing-social-and-demographic,131264,0,2.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1734-1922 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1896-9151 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2021 2 320-327
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Material and methods Data from all levels of healthcare services at public and private institutions recorded in the National Health Fund database were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and with DR. Moran's I statistics and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model allowed to understand the distribution of DR prevalence, and its possible association with environmental and demographic exposures. Results In total, 310,815 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were diagnosed in the year 2017 in Poland. Of them, 174,384 (56.11%) were women, 221,144 (71.15%) lived in urban areas, and 40,231 (12.94%) and 270,584 (87.06%) had type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively. The analysis of the SAR model showed that the significant factors for the occurrence of DR in particular counties were a higher level of average income and a higher number of ophthalmologic consultations per 10,000 adults. 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author	Milena Kozioł
spellingShingle	Milena Kozioł misc diabetic retinopathy misc diabetes mellitus misc epidemiology misc public health misc moran’s i statistics misc Medicine misc R Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland
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topic_title	Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland diabetic retinopathy diabetes mellitus epidemiology public health moran’s i statistics
topic	misc diabetic retinopathy misc diabetes mellitus misc epidemiology misc public health misc moran’s i statistics misc Medicine misc R
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title	Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland
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title_full	Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland
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author_browse	Milena Kozioł Michał S. Nowak Beata Koń Monika Udziela Jacek P. Szaflik
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title_sort	regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of poland
title_auth	Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland
abstract	Introduction The aim of our study was to analyze the regional differences in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and its co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland in the year 2017. Material and methods Data from all levels of healthcare services at public and private institutions recorded in the National Health Fund database were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and with DR. Moran's I statistics and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model allowed to understand the distribution of DR prevalence, and its possible association with environmental and demographic exposures. Results In total, 310,815 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were diagnosed in the year 2017 in Poland. Of them, 174,384 (56.11%) were women, 221,144 (71.15%) lived in urban areas, and 40,231 (12.94%) and 270,584 (87.06%) had type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively. The analysis of the SAR model showed that the significant factors for the occurrence of DR in particular counties were a higher level of average income and a higher number of ophthalmologic consultations per 10,000 adults. Conclusions The analyses of social, demographic, and systemic factors co-existing with DR revealed that the level of income and the access to the ophthalmologic and diabetic service are crucial in DR prevalence in Poland.
abstractGer	Introduction The aim of our study was to analyze the regional differences in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and its co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland in the year 2017. Material and methods Data from all levels of healthcare services at public and private institutions recorded in the National Health Fund database were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and with DR. Moran's I statistics and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model allowed to understand the distribution of DR prevalence, and its possible association with environmental and demographic exposures. Results In total, 310,815 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were diagnosed in the year 2017 in Poland. Of them, 174,384 (56.11%) were women, 221,144 (71.15%) lived in urban areas, and 40,231 (12.94%) and 270,584 (87.06%) had type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively. The analysis of the SAR model showed that the significant factors for the occurrence of DR in particular counties were a higher level of average income and a higher number of ophthalmologic consultations per 10,000 adults. Conclusions The analyses of social, demographic, and systemic factors co-existing with DR revealed that the level of income and the access to the ophthalmologic and diabetic service are crucial in DR prevalence in Poland.
abstract_unstemmed	Introduction The aim of our study was to analyze the regional differences in diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and its co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland in the year 2017. Material and methods Data from all levels of healthcare services at public and private institutions recorded in the National Health Fund database were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and with DR. Moran's I statistics and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model allowed to understand the distribution of DR prevalence, and its possible association with environmental and demographic exposures. Results In total, 310,815 individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR) were diagnosed in the year 2017 in Poland. Of them, 174,384 (56.11%) were women, 221,144 (71.15%) lived in urban areas, and 40,231 (12.94%) and 270,584 (87.06%) had type 1 and type 2 DM, respectively. The analysis of the SAR model showed that the significant factors for the occurrence of DR in particular counties were a higher level of average income and a higher number of ophthalmologic consultations per 10,000 adults. Conclusions The analyses of social, demographic, and systemic factors co-existing with DR revealed that the level of income and the access to the ophthalmologic and diabetic service are crucial in DR prevalence in Poland.
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title_short	Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland
url	https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/131264 https://doaj.org/article/467d09c69f3b4ab59e7555239838586e https://www.archivesofmedicalscience.com/Regional-analysis-of-diabetic-retinopathy-and-co-existing-social-and-demographic,131264,0,2.html https://doaj.org/toc/1734-1922 https://doaj.org/toc/1896-9151
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author2	Michał S. Nowak Beata Koń Monika Udziela Jacek P. Szaflik
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up_date	2024-07-03T23:32:37.118Z
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Regional analysis of diabetic retinopathy and co-existing social and demographic factors in the overall population of Poland

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