Phenotypic Differentiation of Two Morphologically Similar Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi from West Africa

Aflatoxins (AF) are hepatocarcinogenic metabolites produced by several <i<Aspergillus</i< species. Crop infection by these species results in aflatoxin contamination of cereals, nuts, and spices. Etiology of aflatoxin contamination is complicated by mixed infections of multiple species w...
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Autor*in:	Pummi Singh [verfasserIn] Hillary L. Mehl [verfasserIn] Marc J. Orbach [verfasserIn] Kenneth A. Callicott [verfasserIn] Peter J. Cotty [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	aflatoxins Aspergillus

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Toxins - MDPI AG, 2010, 12(2020), 10, p 656
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2020 ; number:10, p 656

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/toxins12100656

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ084652101

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520			\|a Aflatoxins (AF) are hepatocarcinogenic metabolites produced by several <i<Aspergillus</i< species. Crop infection by these species results in aflatoxin contamination of cereals, nuts, and spices. Etiology of aflatoxin contamination is complicated by mixed infections of multiple species with similar morphology and aflatoxin profiles. The current study investigates variation in aflatoxin production between two morphologically similar species that co-exist in West Africa, <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< and <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i<. Consistent distinctions in aflatoxin production during liquid fermentation were discovered between these species. The two species produced similar concentrations of AFB<sub<1</sub< in defined media with either urea or ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. However, production of both AFB<sub<1</sub< and AFG<sub<1</sub< were inhibited (<i<p</i< < 0.001) for <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< in a yeast extract medium with sucrose. Although production of AFG<sub<1</sub< by both species was similar in urea, <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i< produced greater concentrations of AFG<sub<1</sub< in ammonium (<i<p</i< = 0.039). Based on these differences, a reliable and convenient assay for differentiating the two species was designed. This assay will be useful for identifying specific etiologic agents of aflatoxin contamination episodes in West Africa and other regions where the two species are sympatric, especially when phylogenetic analyses based on multiple gene segments are not practical.
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allfields	10.3390/toxins12100656 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084652101 (DE-599)DOAJ45f628ff4c17463eb47be85d11325442 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Pummi Singh verfasserin aut Phenotypic Differentiation of Two Morphologically Similar Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi from West Africa 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Aflatoxins (AF) are hepatocarcinogenic metabolites produced by several <i<Aspergillus</i< species. Crop infection by these species results in aflatoxin contamination of cereals, nuts, and spices. Etiology of aflatoxin contamination is complicated by mixed infections of multiple species with similar morphology and aflatoxin profiles. The current study investigates variation in aflatoxin production between two morphologically similar species that co-exist in West Africa, <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< and <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i<. Consistent distinctions in aflatoxin production during liquid fermentation were discovered between these species. The two species produced similar concentrations of AFB<sub<1</sub< in defined media with either urea or ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. However, production of both AFB<sub<1</sub< and AFG<sub<1</sub< were inhibited (<i<p</i< < 0.001) for <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< in a yeast extract medium with sucrose. Although production of AFG<sub<1</sub< by both species was similar in urea, <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i< produced greater concentrations of AFG<sub<1</sub< in ammonium (<i<p</i< = 0.039). Based on these differences, a reliable and convenient assay for differentiating the two species was designed. This assay will be useful for identifying specific etiologic agents of aflatoxin contamination episodes in West Africa and other regions where the two species are sympatric, especially when phylogenetic analyses based on multiple gene segments are not practical. aflatoxins Aspergillus <i<Aspergillus aflatoxiformans</i< <i<Aspergillus minisclerotigenes</i< Medicine R Hillary L. Mehl verfasserin aut Marc J. Orbach verfasserin aut Kenneth A. Callicott verfasserin aut Peter J. Cotty verfasserin aut In Toxins MDPI AG, 2010 12(2020), 10, p 656 (DE-627)610604236 (DE-600)2518395-3 20726651 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:10, p 656 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12100656 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/45f628ff4c17463eb47be85d11325442 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/10/656 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 10, p 656
spelling	10.3390/toxins12100656 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084652101 (DE-599)DOAJ45f628ff4c17463eb47be85d11325442 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Pummi Singh verfasserin aut Phenotypic Differentiation of Two Morphologically Similar Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi from West Africa 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Aflatoxins (AF) are hepatocarcinogenic metabolites produced by several <i<Aspergillus</i< species. Crop infection by these species results in aflatoxin contamination of cereals, nuts, and spices. Etiology of aflatoxin contamination is complicated by mixed infections of multiple species with similar morphology and aflatoxin profiles. The current study investigates variation in aflatoxin production between two morphologically similar species that co-exist in West Africa, <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< and <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i<. Consistent distinctions in aflatoxin production during liquid fermentation were discovered between these species. The two species produced similar concentrations of AFB<sub<1</sub< in defined media with either urea or ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. However, production of both AFB<sub<1</sub< and AFG<sub<1</sub< were inhibited (<i<p</i< < 0.001) for <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< in a yeast extract medium with sucrose. Although production of AFG<sub<1</sub< by both species was similar in urea, <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i< produced greater concentrations of AFG<sub<1</sub< in ammonium (<i<p</i< = 0.039). Based on these differences, a reliable and convenient assay for differentiating the two species was designed. This assay will be useful for identifying specific etiologic agents of aflatoxin contamination episodes in West Africa and other regions where the two species are sympatric, especially when phylogenetic analyses based on multiple gene segments are not practical. aflatoxins Aspergillus <i<Aspergillus aflatoxiformans</i< <i<Aspergillus minisclerotigenes</i< Medicine R Hillary L. Mehl verfasserin aut Marc J. Orbach verfasserin aut Kenneth A. Callicott verfasserin aut Peter J. Cotty verfasserin aut In Toxins MDPI AG, 2010 12(2020), 10, p 656 (DE-627)610604236 (DE-600)2518395-3 20726651 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:10, p 656 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12100656 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/45f628ff4c17463eb47be85d11325442 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/10/656 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 10, p 656
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allfieldsSound	10.3390/toxins12100656 doi (DE-627)DOAJ084652101 (DE-599)DOAJ45f628ff4c17463eb47be85d11325442 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Pummi Singh verfasserin aut Phenotypic Differentiation of Two Morphologically Similar Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi from West Africa 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Aflatoxins (AF) are hepatocarcinogenic metabolites produced by several <i<Aspergillus</i< species. Crop infection by these species results in aflatoxin contamination of cereals, nuts, and spices. Etiology of aflatoxin contamination is complicated by mixed infections of multiple species with similar morphology and aflatoxin profiles. The current study investigates variation in aflatoxin production between two morphologically similar species that co-exist in West Africa, <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< and <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i<. Consistent distinctions in aflatoxin production during liquid fermentation were discovered between these species. The two species produced similar concentrations of AFB<sub<1</sub< in defined media with either urea or ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. However, production of both AFB<sub<1</sub< and AFG<sub<1</sub< were inhibited (<i<p</i< < 0.001) for <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< in a yeast extract medium with sucrose. Although production of AFG<sub<1</sub< by both species was similar in urea, <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i< produced greater concentrations of AFG<sub<1</sub< in ammonium (<i<p</i< = 0.039). Based on these differences, a reliable and convenient assay for differentiating the two species was designed. This assay will be useful for identifying specific etiologic agents of aflatoxin contamination episodes in West Africa and other regions where the two species are sympatric, especially when phylogenetic analyses based on multiple gene segments are not practical. aflatoxins Aspergillus <i<Aspergillus aflatoxiformans</i< <i<Aspergillus minisclerotigenes</i< Medicine R Hillary L. Mehl verfasserin aut Marc J. Orbach verfasserin aut Kenneth A. Callicott verfasserin aut Peter J. Cotty verfasserin aut In Toxins MDPI AG, 2010 12(2020), 10, p 656 (DE-627)610604236 (DE-600)2518395-3 20726651 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:10, p 656 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12100656 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/45f628ff4c17463eb47be85d11325442 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/10/656 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 10, p 656
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author	Pummi Singh
spellingShingle	Pummi Singh misc aflatoxins misc Aspergillus misc <i<Aspergillus aflatoxiformans</i< misc <i<Aspergillus minisclerotigenes</i< misc Medicine misc R Phenotypic Differentiation of Two Morphologically Similar Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi from West Africa
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topic_title	Phenotypic Differentiation of Two Morphologically Similar Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi from West Africa aflatoxins Aspergillus <i<Aspergillus aflatoxiformans</i< <i<Aspergillus minisclerotigenes</i<
topic	misc aflatoxins misc Aspergillus misc <i<Aspergillus aflatoxiformans</i< misc <i<Aspergillus minisclerotigenes</i< misc Medicine misc R
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title	Phenotypic Differentiation of Two Morphologically Similar Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi from West Africa
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title_full	Phenotypic Differentiation of Two Morphologically Similar Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi from West Africa
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title_sort	phenotypic differentiation of two morphologically similar aflatoxin-producing fungi from west africa
title_auth	Phenotypic Differentiation of Two Morphologically Similar Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi from West Africa
abstract	Aflatoxins (AF) are hepatocarcinogenic metabolites produced by several <i<Aspergillus</i< species. Crop infection by these species results in aflatoxin contamination of cereals, nuts, and spices. Etiology of aflatoxin contamination is complicated by mixed infections of multiple species with similar morphology and aflatoxin profiles. The current study investigates variation in aflatoxin production between two morphologically similar species that co-exist in West Africa, <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< and <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i<. Consistent distinctions in aflatoxin production during liquid fermentation were discovered between these species. The two species produced similar concentrations of AFB<sub<1</sub< in defined media with either urea or ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. However, production of both AFB<sub<1</sub< and AFG<sub<1</sub< were inhibited (<i<p</i< < 0.001) for <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< in a yeast extract medium with sucrose. Although production of AFG<sub<1</sub< by both species was similar in urea, <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i< produced greater concentrations of AFG<sub<1</sub< in ammonium (<i<p</i< = 0.039). Based on these differences, a reliable and convenient assay for differentiating the two species was designed. This assay will be useful for identifying specific etiologic agents of aflatoxin contamination episodes in West Africa and other regions where the two species are sympatric, especially when phylogenetic analyses based on multiple gene segments are not practical.
abstractGer	Aflatoxins (AF) are hepatocarcinogenic metabolites produced by several <i<Aspergillus</i< species. Crop infection by these species results in aflatoxin contamination of cereals, nuts, and spices. Etiology of aflatoxin contamination is complicated by mixed infections of multiple species with similar morphology and aflatoxin profiles. The current study investigates variation in aflatoxin production between two morphologically similar species that co-exist in West Africa, <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< and <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i<. Consistent distinctions in aflatoxin production during liquid fermentation were discovered between these species. The two species produced similar concentrations of AFB<sub<1</sub< in defined media with either urea or ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. However, production of both AFB<sub<1</sub< and AFG<sub<1</sub< were inhibited (<i<p</i< < 0.001) for <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< in a yeast extract medium with sucrose. Although production of AFG<sub<1</sub< by both species was similar in urea, <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i< produced greater concentrations of AFG<sub<1</sub< in ammonium (<i<p</i< = 0.039). Based on these differences, a reliable and convenient assay for differentiating the two species was designed. This assay will be useful for identifying specific etiologic agents of aflatoxin contamination episodes in West Africa and other regions where the two species are sympatric, especially when phylogenetic analyses based on multiple gene segments are not practical.
abstract_unstemmed	Aflatoxins (AF) are hepatocarcinogenic metabolites produced by several <i<Aspergillus</i< species. Crop infection by these species results in aflatoxin contamination of cereals, nuts, and spices. Etiology of aflatoxin contamination is complicated by mixed infections of multiple species with similar morphology and aflatoxin profiles. The current study investigates variation in aflatoxin production between two morphologically similar species that co-exist in West Africa, <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< and <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i<. Consistent distinctions in aflatoxin production during liquid fermentation were discovered between these species. The two species produced similar concentrations of AFB<sub<1</sub< in defined media with either urea or ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. However, production of both AFB<sub<1</sub< and AFG<sub<1</sub< were inhibited (<i<p</i< < 0.001) for <i<A. aflatoxiformans</i< in a yeast extract medium with sucrose. Although production of AFG<sub<1</sub< by both species was similar in urea, <i<A. minisclerotigenes</i< produced greater concentrations of AFG<sub<1</sub< in ammonium (<i<p</i< = 0.039). Based on these differences, a reliable and convenient assay for differentiating the two species was designed. This assay will be useful for identifying specific etiologic agents of aflatoxin contamination episodes in West Africa and other regions where the two species are sympatric, especially when phylogenetic analyses based on multiple gene segments are not practical.
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title_short	Phenotypic Differentiation of Two Morphologically Similar Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi from West Africa
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Phenotypic Differentiation of Two Morphologically Similar Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi from West Africa

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