Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods

In the framework of the first multi-centre Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study (SSA-TDS), 2328 commonly consumed foods were purchased, prepared as consumed and pooled into 194 composite samples of cereals, tubers, legumes, vegetables, nuts and seeds, dairy, oils, beverages and miscellaneous. Those c...
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Autor*in:	Luc Ingenbleek [verfasserIn] Michael Sulyok [verfasserIn] Abimbola Adegboye [verfasserIn] Sètondji Epiphane Hossou [verfasserIn] Abdoulaye Zié Koné [verfasserIn] Awoyinka Dada Oyedele [verfasserIn] Chabi Sika K. J. Kisito [verfasserIn] Yara Koreissi Dembélé [verfasserIn] Sara Eyangoh [verfasserIn] Philippe Verger [verfasserIn] Jean-Charles Leblanc [verfasserIn] Bruno Le Bizec [verfasserIn] Rudolf Krska [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	Sub-Saharan Africa aflatoxins mycotoxins total diet study food contaminants LC-MS/MS

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Toxins - MDPI AG, 2010, 11(2019), 1, p 54
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2019 ; number:1, p 54

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/toxins11010054

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ085304689

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allfields	10.3390/toxins11010054 doi (DE-627)DOAJ085304689 (DE-599)DOAJ32c87819e8394e6688317f6c0a81e26b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Luc Ingenbleek verfasserin aut Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the framework of the first multi-centre Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study (SSA-TDS), 2328 commonly consumed foods were purchased, prepared as consumed and pooled into 194 composite samples of cereals, tubers, legumes, vegetables, nuts and seeds, dairy, oils, beverages and miscellaneous. Those core foods were tested for mycotoxins and other fungal, bacterial and plant secondary metabolites by liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The highest aflatoxin concentrations were quantified in peanuts, peanut oil and maize. The mean concentration of the sum of aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 (AFtot) in peanut samples (56.4 µg/kg) exceeded EU (4 µg/kg) and Codex (15 µg/kg) standards. The AFtot concentration (max: 246.0 µg/kg) was associated with seasonal and geographic patterns and comprised, on average, 80% AFB1, the most potent aflatoxin. Although ochratoxin A concentrations rarely exceeded existing Codex standards, it was detected in unregulated foods. One palm oil composite sample contained 98 different metabolites, including 35.4 µg/kg of ochratoxin A. In total, 164 different metabolites were detected, with unspecific metabolites like asperglaucide, cyclo(L-pro-L-val), cyclo (L-pro-L-tyr), flavoglaucin, emodin and tryptophol occurring in more than 50% of composite samples. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), sterigmatocystin (STC), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT) and many other secondary fungal metabolites are frequent co-contaminants in staple foods, such as maize and sorghum. Populations from North Cameroon and from Benin may, therefore, suffer chronic and simultaneous exposure to AFB1, FB1, STC, OTA and CIT, which are prevalent in their diet. Sub-Saharan Africa aflatoxins mycotoxins total diet study food contaminants LC-MS/MS Medicine R Michael Sulyok verfasserin aut Abimbola Adegboye verfasserin aut Sètondji Epiphane Hossou verfasserin aut Abdoulaye Zié Koné verfasserin aut Awoyinka Dada Oyedele verfasserin aut Chabi Sika K. J. Kisito verfasserin aut Yara Koreissi Dembélé verfasserin aut Sara Eyangoh verfasserin aut Philippe Verger verfasserin aut Jean-Charles Leblanc verfasserin aut Bruno Le Bizec verfasserin aut Rudolf Krska verfasserin aut In Toxins MDPI AG, 2010 11(2019), 1, p 54 (DE-627)610604236 (DE-600)2518395-3 20726651 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:1, p 54 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010054 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/32c87819e8394e6688317f6c0a81e26b kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/1/54 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2019 1, p 54
spelling	10.3390/toxins11010054 doi (DE-627)DOAJ085304689 (DE-599)DOAJ32c87819e8394e6688317f6c0a81e26b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Luc Ingenbleek verfasserin aut Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the framework of the first multi-centre Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study (SSA-TDS), 2328 commonly consumed foods were purchased, prepared as consumed and pooled into 194 composite samples of cereals, tubers, legumes, vegetables, nuts and seeds, dairy, oils, beverages and miscellaneous. Those core foods were tested for mycotoxins and other fungal, bacterial and plant secondary metabolites by liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The highest aflatoxin concentrations were quantified in peanuts, peanut oil and maize. The mean concentration of the sum of aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 (AFtot) in peanut samples (56.4 µg/kg) exceeded EU (4 µg/kg) and Codex (15 µg/kg) standards. The AFtot concentration (max: 246.0 µg/kg) was associated with seasonal and geographic patterns and comprised, on average, 80% AFB1, the most potent aflatoxin. Although ochratoxin A concentrations rarely exceeded existing Codex standards, it was detected in unregulated foods. One palm oil composite sample contained 98 different metabolites, including 35.4 µg/kg of ochratoxin A. In total, 164 different metabolites were detected, with unspecific metabolites like asperglaucide, cyclo(L-pro-L-val), cyclo (L-pro-L-tyr), flavoglaucin, emodin and tryptophol occurring in more than 50% of composite samples. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), sterigmatocystin (STC), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT) and many other secondary fungal metabolites are frequent co-contaminants in staple foods, such as maize and sorghum. Populations from North Cameroon and from Benin may, therefore, suffer chronic and simultaneous exposure to AFB1, FB1, STC, OTA and CIT, which are prevalent in their diet. Sub-Saharan Africa aflatoxins mycotoxins total diet study food contaminants LC-MS/MS Medicine R Michael Sulyok verfasserin aut Abimbola Adegboye verfasserin aut Sètondji Epiphane Hossou verfasserin aut Abdoulaye Zié Koné verfasserin aut Awoyinka Dada Oyedele verfasserin aut Chabi Sika K. J. Kisito verfasserin aut Yara Koreissi Dembélé verfasserin aut Sara Eyangoh verfasserin aut Philippe Verger verfasserin aut Jean-Charles Leblanc verfasserin aut Bruno Le Bizec verfasserin aut Rudolf Krska verfasserin aut In Toxins MDPI AG, 2010 11(2019), 1, p 54 (DE-627)610604236 (DE-600)2518395-3 20726651 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:1, p 54 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010054 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/32c87819e8394e6688317f6c0a81e26b kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/1/54 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2019 1, p 54
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/toxins11010054 doi (DE-627)DOAJ085304689 (DE-599)DOAJ32c87819e8394e6688317f6c0a81e26b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Luc Ingenbleek verfasserin aut Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the framework of the first multi-centre Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study (SSA-TDS), 2328 commonly consumed foods were purchased, prepared as consumed and pooled into 194 composite samples of cereals, tubers, legumes, vegetables, nuts and seeds, dairy, oils, beverages and miscellaneous. Those core foods were tested for mycotoxins and other fungal, bacterial and plant secondary metabolites by liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The highest aflatoxin concentrations were quantified in peanuts, peanut oil and maize. The mean concentration of the sum of aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 (AFtot) in peanut samples (56.4 µg/kg) exceeded EU (4 µg/kg) and Codex (15 µg/kg) standards. The AFtot concentration (max: 246.0 µg/kg) was associated with seasonal and geographic patterns and comprised, on average, 80% AFB1, the most potent aflatoxin. Although ochratoxin A concentrations rarely exceeded existing Codex standards, it was detected in unregulated foods. One palm oil composite sample contained 98 different metabolites, including 35.4 µg/kg of ochratoxin A. In total, 164 different metabolites were detected, with unspecific metabolites like asperglaucide, cyclo(L-pro-L-val), cyclo (L-pro-L-tyr), flavoglaucin, emodin and tryptophol occurring in more than 50% of composite samples. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), sterigmatocystin (STC), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT) and many other secondary fungal metabolites are frequent co-contaminants in staple foods, such as maize and sorghum. Populations from North Cameroon and from Benin may, therefore, suffer chronic and simultaneous exposure to AFB1, FB1, STC, OTA and CIT, which are prevalent in their diet. Sub-Saharan Africa aflatoxins mycotoxins total diet study food contaminants LC-MS/MS Medicine R Michael Sulyok verfasserin aut Abimbola Adegboye verfasserin aut Sètondji Epiphane Hossou verfasserin aut Abdoulaye Zié Koné verfasserin aut Awoyinka Dada Oyedele verfasserin aut Chabi Sika K. J. Kisito verfasserin aut Yara Koreissi Dembélé verfasserin aut Sara Eyangoh verfasserin aut Philippe Verger verfasserin aut Jean-Charles Leblanc verfasserin aut Bruno Le Bizec verfasserin aut Rudolf Krska verfasserin aut In Toxins MDPI AG, 2010 11(2019), 1, p 54 (DE-627)610604236 (DE-600)2518395-3 20726651 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:1, p 54 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010054 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/32c87819e8394e6688317f6c0a81e26b kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/1/54 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2019 1, p 54
allfieldsGer	10.3390/toxins11010054 doi (DE-627)DOAJ085304689 (DE-599)DOAJ32c87819e8394e6688317f6c0a81e26b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Luc Ingenbleek verfasserin aut Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the framework of the first multi-centre Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study (SSA-TDS), 2328 commonly consumed foods were purchased, prepared as consumed and pooled into 194 composite samples of cereals, tubers, legumes, vegetables, nuts and seeds, dairy, oils, beverages and miscellaneous. Those core foods were tested for mycotoxins and other fungal, bacterial and plant secondary metabolites by liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The highest aflatoxin concentrations were quantified in peanuts, peanut oil and maize. The mean concentration of the sum of aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 (AFtot) in peanut samples (56.4 µg/kg) exceeded EU (4 µg/kg) and Codex (15 µg/kg) standards. The AFtot concentration (max: 246.0 µg/kg) was associated with seasonal and geographic patterns and comprised, on average, 80% AFB1, the most potent aflatoxin. Although ochratoxin A concentrations rarely exceeded existing Codex standards, it was detected in unregulated foods. One palm oil composite sample contained 98 different metabolites, including 35.4 µg/kg of ochratoxin A. In total, 164 different metabolites were detected, with unspecific metabolites like asperglaucide, cyclo(L-pro-L-val), cyclo (L-pro-L-tyr), flavoglaucin, emodin and tryptophol occurring in more than 50% of composite samples. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), sterigmatocystin (STC), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT) and many other secondary fungal metabolites are frequent co-contaminants in staple foods, such as maize and sorghum. Populations from North Cameroon and from Benin may, therefore, suffer chronic and simultaneous exposure to AFB1, FB1, STC, OTA and CIT, which are prevalent in their diet. Sub-Saharan Africa aflatoxins mycotoxins total diet study food contaminants LC-MS/MS Medicine R Michael Sulyok verfasserin aut Abimbola Adegboye verfasserin aut Sètondji Epiphane Hossou verfasserin aut Abdoulaye Zié Koné verfasserin aut Awoyinka Dada Oyedele verfasserin aut Chabi Sika K. J. Kisito verfasserin aut Yara Koreissi Dembélé verfasserin aut Sara Eyangoh verfasserin aut Philippe Verger verfasserin aut Jean-Charles Leblanc verfasserin aut Bruno Le Bizec verfasserin aut Rudolf Krska verfasserin aut In Toxins MDPI AG, 2010 11(2019), 1, p 54 (DE-627)610604236 (DE-600)2518395-3 20726651 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:1, p 54 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010054 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/32c87819e8394e6688317f6c0a81e26b kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/1/54 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2019 1, p 54
allfieldsSound	10.3390/toxins11010054 doi (DE-627)DOAJ085304689 (DE-599)DOAJ32c87819e8394e6688317f6c0a81e26b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Luc Ingenbleek verfasserin aut Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the framework of the first multi-centre Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study (SSA-TDS), 2328 commonly consumed foods were purchased, prepared as consumed and pooled into 194 composite samples of cereals, tubers, legumes, vegetables, nuts and seeds, dairy, oils, beverages and miscellaneous. Those core foods were tested for mycotoxins and other fungal, bacterial and plant secondary metabolites by liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The highest aflatoxin concentrations were quantified in peanuts, peanut oil and maize. The mean concentration of the sum of aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 (AFtot) in peanut samples (56.4 µg/kg) exceeded EU (4 µg/kg) and Codex (15 µg/kg) standards. The AFtot concentration (max: 246.0 µg/kg) was associated with seasonal and geographic patterns and comprised, on average, 80% AFB1, the most potent aflatoxin. Although ochratoxin A concentrations rarely exceeded existing Codex standards, it was detected in unregulated foods. One palm oil composite sample contained 98 different metabolites, including 35.4 µg/kg of ochratoxin A. In total, 164 different metabolites were detected, with unspecific metabolites like asperglaucide, cyclo(L-pro-L-val), cyclo (L-pro-L-tyr), flavoglaucin, emodin and tryptophol occurring in more than 50% of composite samples. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), sterigmatocystin (STC), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT) and many other secondary fungal metabolites are frequent co-contaminants in staple foods, such as maize and sorghum. Populations from North Cameroon and from Benin may, therefore, suffer chronic and simultaneous exposure to AFB1, FB1, STC, OTA and CIT, which are prevalent in their diet. Sub-Saharan Africa aflatoxins mycotoxins total diet study food contaminants LC-MS/MS Medicine R Michael Sulyok verfasserin aut Abimbola Adegboye verfasserin aut Sètondji Epiphane Hossou verfasserin aut Abdoulaye Zié Koné verfasserin aut Awoyinka Dada Oyedele verfasserin aut Chabi Sika K. J. Kisito verfasserin aut Yara Koreissi Dembélé verfasserin aut Sara Eyangoh verfasserin aut Philippe Verger verfasserin aut Jean-Charles Leblanc verfasserin aut Bruno Le Bizec verfasserin aut Rudolf Krska verfasserin aut In Toxins MDPI AG, 2010 11(2019), 1, p 54 (DE-627)610604236 (DE-600)2518395-3 20726651 nnns volume:11 year:2019 number:1, p 54 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010054 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/32c87819e8394e6688317f6c0a81e26b kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/1/54 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2019 1, p 54
language	English
source	In Toxins 11(2019), 1, p 54 volume:11 year:2019 number:1, p 54
sourceStr	In Toxins 11(2019), 1, p 54 volume:11 year:2019 number:1, p 54
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Sub-Saharan Africa aflatoxins mycotoxins total diet study food contaminants LC-MS/MS Medicine R
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container_title	Toxins
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Luc Ingenbleek @@aut@@ Michael Sulyok @@aut@@ Abimbola Adegboye @@aut@@ Sètondji Epiphane Hossou @@aut@@ Abdoulaye Zié Koné @@aut@@ Awoyinka Dada Oyedele @@aut@@ Chabi Sika K. J. Kisito @@aut@@ Yara Koreissi Dembélé @@aut@@ Sara Eyangoh @@aut@@ Philippe Verger @@aut@@ Jean-Charles Leblanc @@aut@@ Bruno Le Bizec @@aut@@ Rudolf Krska @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
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author	Luc Ingenbleek
spellingShingle	Luc Ingenbleek misc Sub-Saharan Africa misc aflatoxins misc mycotoxins misc total diet study misc food contaminants misc LC-MS/MS misc Medicine misc R Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods
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topic_title	Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods Sub-Saharan Africa aflatoxins mycotoxins total diet study food contaminants LC-MS/MS
topic	misc Sub-Saharan Africa misc aflatoxins misc mycotoxins misc total diet study misc food contaminants misc LC-MS/MS misc Medicine misc R
topic_unstemmed	misc Sub-Saharan Africa misc aflatoxins misc mycotoxins misc total diet study misc food contaminants misc LC-MS/MS misc Medicine misc R
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title	Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods
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title_full	Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods
author_sort	Luc Ingenbleek
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author_browse	Luc Ingenbleek Michael Sulyok Abimbola Adegboye Sètondji Epiphane Hossou Abdoulaye Zié Koné Awoyinka Dada Oyedele Chabi Sika K. J. Kisito Yara Koreissi Dembélé Sara Eyangoh Philippe Verger Jean-Charles Leblanc Bruno Le Bizec Rudolf Krska
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title_sort	regional sub-saharan africa total diet study in benin, cameroon, mali and nigeria reveals the presence of 164 mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites in foods
title_auth	Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods
abstract	In the framework of the first multi-centre Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study (SSA-TDS), 2328 commonly consumed foods were purchased, prepared as consumed and pooled into 194 composite samples of cereals, tubers, legumes, vegetables, nuts and seeds, dairy, oils, beverages and miscellaneous. Those core foods were tested for mycotoxins and other fungal, bacterial and plant secondary metabolites by liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The highest aflatoxin concentrations were quantified in peanuts, peanut oil and maize. The mean concentration of the sum of aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 (AFtot) in peanut samples (56.4 µg/kg) exceeded EU (4 µg/kg) and Codex (15 µg/kg) standards. The AFtot concentration (max: 246.0 µg/kg) was associated with seasonal and geographic patterns and comprised, on average, 80% AFB1, the most potent aflatoxin. Although ochratoxin A concentrations rarely exceeded existing Codex standards, it was detected in unregulated foods. One palm oil composite sample contained 98 different metabolites, including 35.4 µg/kg of ochratoxin A. In total, 164 different metabolites were detected, with unspecific metabolites like asperglaucide, cyclo(L-pro-L-val), cyclo (L-pro-L-tyr), flavoglaucin, emodin and tryptophol occurring in more than 50% of composite samples. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), sterigmatocystin (STC), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT) and many other secondary fungal metabolites are frequent co-contaminants in staple foods, such as maize and sorghum. Populations from North Cameroon and from Benin may, therefore, suffer chronic and simultaneous exposure to AFB1, FB1, STC, OTA and CIT, which are prevalent in their diet.
abstractGer	In the framework of the first multi-centre Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study (SSA-TDS), 2328 commonly consumed foods were purchased, prepared as consumed and pooled into 194 composite samples of cereals, tubers, legumes, vegetables, nuts and seeds, dairy, oils, beverages and miscellaneous. Those core foods were tested for mycotoxins and other fungal, bacterial and plant secondary metabolites by liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The highest aflatoxin concentrations were quantified in peanuts, peanut oil and maize. The mean concentration of the sum of aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 (AFtot) in peanut samples (56.4 µg/kg) exceeded EU (4 µg/kg) and Codex (15 µg/kg) standards. The AFtot concentration (max: 246.0 µg/kg) was associated with seasonal and geographic patterns and comprised, on average, 80% AFB1, the most potent aflatoxin. Although ochratoxin A concentrations rarely exceeded existing Codex standards, it was detected in unregulated foods. One palm oil composite sample contained 98 different metabolites, including 35.4 µg/kg of ochratoxin A. In total, 164 different metabolites were detected, with unspecific metabolites like asperglaucide, cyclo(L-pro-L-val), cyclo (L-pro-L-tyr), flavoglaucin, emodin and tryptophol occurring in more than 50% of composite samples. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), sterigmatocystin (STC), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT) and many other secondary fungal metabolites are frequent co-contaminants in staple foods, such as maize and sorghum. Populations from North Cameroon and from Benin may, therefore, suffer chronic and simultaneous exposure to AFB1, FB1, STC, OTA and CIT, which are prevalent in their diet.
abstract_unstemmed	In the framework of the first multi-centre Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study (SSA-TDS), 2328 commonly consumed foods were purchased, prepared as consumed and pooled into 194 composite samples of cereals, tubers, legumes, vegetables, nuts and seeds, dairy, oils, beverages and miscellaneous. Those core foods were tested for mycotoxins and other fungal, bacterial and plant secondary metabolites by liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The highest aflatoxin concentrations were quantified in peanuts, peanut oil and maize. The mean concentration of the sum of aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 (AFtot) in peanut samples (56.4 µg/kg) exceeded EU (4 µg/kg) and Codex (15 µg/kg) standards. The AFtot concentration (max: 246.0 µg/kg) was associated with seasonal and geographic patterns and comprised, on average, 80% AFB1, the most potent aflatoxin. Although ochratoxin A concentrations rarely exceeded existing Codex standards, it was detected in unregulated foods. One palm oil composite sample contained 98 different metabolites, including 35.4 µg/kg of ochratoxin A. In total, 164 different metabolites were detected, with unspecific metabolites like asperglaucide, cyclo(L-pro-L-val), cyclo (L-pro-L-tyr), flavoglaucin, emodin and tryptophol occurring in more than 50% of composite samples. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1), sterigmatocystin (STC), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT) and many other secondary fungal metabolites are frequent co-contaminants in staple foods, such as maize and sorghum. Populations from North Cameroon and from Benin may, therefore, suffer chronic and simultaneous exposure to AFB1, FB1, STC, OTA and CIT, which are prevalent in their diet.
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title_short	Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods
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Regional Sub-Saharan Africa Total Diet Study in Benin, Cameroon, Mali and Nigeria Reveals the Presence of 164 Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Foods

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