Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contained in seminal plasma, vehicle RNA, proteins, and other molecules able to influence the biological function of sperm. The aim of this study was to improve the fertilizing capacity of male gametes of low-fertility bulls using EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation from...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Anna Lange-Consiglio [verfasserIn] Emanuele Capra [verfasserIn] Noemi Monferini [verfasserIn] Simone Canesi [verfasserIn] Giampaolo Bosi [verfasserIn] Marina Cretich [verfasserIn] Roberto Frigerio [verfasserIn] Valentina Galbiati [verfasserIn] Federica Bertuzzo [verfasserIn] Francesco Cobalchini [verfasserIn] Fausto Cremonesi [verfasserIn] Bianca Gasparrini [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	extracellular vesicles spermatozoa in vitro fertilization bull

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Reproduction and Fertility - Bioscientifica, 2021, 3(2022), 4, Seite 313-327
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:3 ; year:2022 ; number:4 ; pages:313-327

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ085332267

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allfields	(DE-627)DOAJ085332267 (DE-599)DOAJ1402039503714a5bb45a79e8a866ef29 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH471-489 RG1-991 Anna Lange-Consiglio verfasserin aut Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contained in seminal plasma, vehicle RNA, proteins, and other molecules able to influence the biological function of sperm. The aim of this study was to improve the fertilizing capacity of male gametes of low-fertility bulls using EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation from the seminal plasma of a bull of proven fertility. After a dose–response curve study, 10×106 sperm of low-fertility bulls were co-incubated for 1 h with 400×106 EVs/mL. In addition, it has been verified that the incorporation of EVs, which takes place in the sperm midpiece, is maintained for 5 h and even after cryopreservation. Subsequently, the spermatozoa of low-fertility bulls, with EVs incorporated, were used for the in vitro production of embryos. The rate of blastocyst at seventh day yield in vitro, with the use of sperm with EVs incorporated, increased by about twice the yield obtained with the same sperm in the absence of EVs: bulls having an average embryonic yield of 6.41 ± 1.48%, 10.32 ± 4.34%, and 10.92 ± 0.95% improved their yield to 21.21 ± 1.99%, 22.17 ± 6.09%, and 19.99 ± 5.78%, respectively (P < 0.05). These encouraging results suggest that it might be possible to keep breeding bulls with poor fertility. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the in vivo fertility of sperm treated with EVs and understand how the content of EVs is involve in the sperm–vesicle interaction and in the improved sperm performance. extracellular vesicles spermatozoa in vitro fertilization bull Reproduction Gynecology and obstetrics Emanuele Capra verfasserin aut Noemi Monferini verfasserin aut Simone Canesi verfasserin aut Giampaolo Bosi verfasserin aut Marina Cretich verfasserin aut Roberto Frigerio verfasserin aut Valentina Galbiati verfasserin aut Federica Bertuzzo verfasserin aut Francesco Cobalchini verfasserin aut Fausto Cremonesi verfasserin aut Bianca Gasparrini verfasserin aut In Reproduction and Fertility Bioscientifica, 2021 3(2022), 4, Seite 313-327 (DE-627)1757708901 26338386 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:4 pages:313-327 https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-22-0037 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1402039503714a5bb45a79e8a866ef29 kostenfrei https://raf.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/raf/3/4/RAF-22-0037.xml kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2633-8386 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 4 313-327
spelling	(DE-627)DOAJ085332267 (DE-599)DOAJ1402039503714a5bb45a79e8a866ef29 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH471-489 RG1-991 Anna Lange-Consiglio verfasserin aut Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contained in seminal plasma, vehicle RNA, proteins, and other molecules able to influence the biological function of sperm. The aim of this study was to improve the fertilizing capacity of male gametes of low-fertility bulls using EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation from the seminal plasma of a bull of proven fertility. After a dose–response curve study, 10×106 sperm of low-fertility bulls were co-incubated for 1 h with 400×106 EVs/mL. In addition, it has been verified that the incorporation of EVs, which takes place in the sperm midpiece, is maintained for 5 h and even after cryopreservation. Subsequently, the spermatozoa of low-fertility bulls, with EVs incorporated, were used for the in vitro production of embryos. The rate of blastocyst at seventh day yield in vitro, with the use of sperm with EVs incorporated, increased by about twice the yield obtained with the same sperm in the absence of EVs: bulls having an average embryonic yield of 6.41 ± 1.48%, 10.32 ± 4.34%, and 10.92 ± 0.95% improved their yield to 21.21 ± 1.99%, 22.17 ± 6.09%, and 19.99 ± 5.78%, respectively (P < 0.05). These encouraging results suggest that it might be possible to keep breeding bulls with poor fertility. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the in vivo fertility of sperm treated with EVs and understand how the content of EVs is involve in the sperm–vesicle interaction and in the improved sperm performance. extracellular vesicles spermatozoa in vitro fertilization bull Reproduction Gynecology and obstetrics Emanuele Capra verfasserin aut Noemi Monferini verfasserin aut Simone Canesi verfasserin aut Giampaolo Bosi verfasserin aut Marina Cretich verfasserin aut Roberto Frigerio verfasserin aut Valentina Galbiati verfasserin aut Federica Bertuzzo verfasserin aut Francesco Cobalchini verfasserin aut Fausto Cremonesi verfasserin aut Bianca Gasparrini verfasserin aut In Reproduction and Fertility Bioscientifica, 2021 3(2022), 4, Seite 313-327 (DE-627)1757708901 26338386 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:4 pages:313-327 https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-22-0037 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1402039503714a5bb45a79e8a866ef29 kostenfrei https://raf.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/raf/3/4/RAF-22-0037.xml kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2633-8386 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 4 313-327
allfields_unstemmed	(DE-627)DOAJ085332267 (DE-599)DOAJ1402039503714a5bb45a79e8a866ef29 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH471-489 RG1-991 Anna Lange-Consiglio verfasserin aut Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contained in seminal plasma, vehicle RNA, proteins, and other molecules able to influence the biological function of sperm. The aim of this study was to improve the fertilizing capacity of male gametes of low-fertility bulls using EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation from the seminal plasma of a bull of proven fertility. After a dose–response curve study, 10×106 sperm of low-fertility bulls were co-incubated for 1 h with 400×106 EVs/mL. In addition, it has been verified that the incorporation of EVs, which takes place in the sperm midpiece, is maintained for 5 h and even after cryopreservation. Subsequently, the spermatozoa of low-fertility bulls, with EVs incorporated, were used for the in vitro production of embryos. The rate of blastocyst at seventh day yield in vitro, with the use of sperm with EVs incorporated, increased by about twice the yield obtained with the same sperm in the absence of EVs: bulls having an average embryonic yield of 6.41 ± 1.48%, 10.32 ± 4.34%, and 10.92 ± 0.95% improved their yield to 21.21 ± 1.99%, 22.17 ± 6.09%, and 19.99 ± 5.78%, respectively (P < 0.05). These encouraging results suggest that it might be possible to keep breeding bulls with poor fertility. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the in vivo fertility of sperm treated with EVs and understand how the content of EVs is involve in the sperm–vesicle interaction and in the improved sperm performance. extracellular vesicles spermatozoa in vitro fertilization bull Reproduction Gynecology and obstetrics Emanuele Capra verfasserin aut Noemi Monferini verfasserin aut Simone Canesi verfasserin aut Giampaolo Bosi verfasserin aut Marina Cretich verfasserin aut Roberto Frigerio verfasserin aut Valentina Galbiati verfasserin aut Federica Bertuzzo verfasserin aut Francesco Cobalchini verfasserin aut Fausto Cremonesi verfasserin aut Bianca Gasparrini verfasserin aut In Reproduction and Fertility Bioscientifica, 2021 3(2022), 4, Seite 313-327 (DE-627)1757708901 26338386 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:4 pages:313-327 https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-22-0037 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1402039503714a5bb45a79e8a866ef29 kostenfrei https://raf.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/raf/3/4/RAF-22-0037.xml kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2633-8386 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 4 313-327
allfieldsGer	(DE-627)DOAJ085332267 (DE-599)DOAJ1402039503714a5bb45a79e8a866ef29 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH471-489 RG1-991 Anna Lange-Consiglio verfasserin aut Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contained in seminal plasma, vehicle RNA, proteins, and other molecules able to influence the biological function of sperm. The aim of this study was to improve the fertilizing capacity of male gametes of low-fertility bulls using EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation from the seminal plasma of a bull of proven fertility. After a dose–response curve study, 10×106 sperm of low-fertility bulls were co-incubated for 1 h with 400×106 EVs/mL. In addition, it has been verified that the incorporation of EVs, which takes place in the sperm midpiece, is maintained for 5 h and even after cryopreservation. Subsequently, the spermatozoa of low-fertility bulls, with EVs incorporated, were used for the in vitro production of embryos. The rate of blastocyst at seventh day yield in vitro, with the use of sperm with EVs incorporated, increased by about twice the yield obtained with the same sperm in the absence of EVs: bulls having an average embryonic yield of 6.41 ± 1.48%, 10.32 ± 4.34%, and 10.92 ± 0.95% improved their yield to 21.21 ± 1.99%, 22.17 ± 6.09%, and 19.99 ± 5.78%, respectively (P < 0.05). These encouraging results suggest that it might be possible to keep breeding bulls with poor fertility. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the in vivo fertility of sperm treated with EVs and understand how the content of EVs is involve in the sperm–vesicle interaction and in the improved sperm performance. extracellular vesicles spermatozoa in vitro fertilization bull Reproduction Gynecology and obstetrics Emanuele Capra verfasserin aut Noemi Monferini verfasserin aut Simone Canesi verfasserin aut Giampaolo Bosi verfasserin aut Marina Cretich verfasserin aut Roberto Frigerio verfasserin aut Valentina Galbiati verfasserin aut Federica Bertuzzo verfasserin aut Francesco Cobalchini verfasserin aut Fausto Cremonesi verfasserin aut Bianca Gasparrini verfasserin aut In Reproduction and Fertility Bioscientifica, 2021 3(2022), 4, Seite 313-327 (DE-627)1757708901 26338386 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:4 pages:313-327 https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-22-0037 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1402039503714a5bb45a79e8a866ef29 kostenfrei https://raf.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/raf/3/4/RAF-22-0037.xml kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2633-8386 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 4 313-327
allfieldsSound	(DE-627)DOAJ085332267 (DE-599)DOAJ1402039503714a5bb45a79e8a866ef29 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH471-489 RG1-991 Anna Lange-Consiglio verfasserin aut Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contained in seminal plasma, vehicle RNA, proteins, and other molecules able to influence the biological function of sperm. The aim of this study was to improve the fertilizing capacity of male gametes of low-fertility bulls using EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation from the seminal plasma of a bull of proven fertility. After a dose–response curve study, 10×106 sperm of low-fertility bulls were co-incubated for 1 h with 400×106 EVs/mL. In addition, it has been verified that the incorporation of EVs, which takes place in the sperm midpiece, is maintained for 5 h and even after cryopreservation. Subsequently, the spermatozoa of low-fertility bulls, with EVs incorporated, were used for the in vitro production of embryos. The rate of blastocyst at seventh day yield in vitro, with the use of sperm with EVs incorporated, increased by about twice the yield obtained with the same sperm in the absence of EVs: bulls having an average embryonic yield of 6.41 ± 1.48%, 10.32 ± 4.34%, and 10.92 ± 0.95% improved their yield to 21.21 ± 1.99%, 22.17 ± 6.09%, and 19.99 ± 5.78%, respectively (P < 0.05). These encouraging results suggest that it might be possible to keep breeding bulls with poor fertility. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the in vivo fertility of sperm treated with EVs and understand how the content of EVs is involve in the sperm–vesicle interaction and in the improved sperm performance. extracellular vesicles spermatozoa in vitro fertilization bull Reproduction Gynecology and obstetrics Emanuele Capra verfasserin aut Noemi Monferini verfasserin aut Simone Canesi verfasserin aut Giampaolo Bosi verfasserin aut Marina Cretich verfasserin aut Roberto Frigerio verfasserin aut Valentina Galbiati verfasserin aut Federica Bertuzzo verfasserin aut Francesco Cobalchini verfasserin aut Fausto Cremonesi verfasserin aut Bianca Gasparrini verfasserin aut In Reproduction and Fertility Bioscientifica, 2021 3(2022), 4, Seite 313-327 (DE-627)1757708901 26338386 nnns volume:3 year:2022 number:4 pages:313-327 https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-22-0037 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1402039503714a5bb45a79e8a866ef29 kostenfrei https://raf.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/raf/3/4/RAF-22-0037.xml kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2633-8386 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2022 4 313-327
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author	Anna Lange-Consiglio
spellingShingle	Anna Lange-Consiglio misc QH471-489 misc RG1-991 misc extracellular vesicles misc spermatozoa misc in vitro fertilization misc bull misc Reproduction misc Gynecology and obstetrics Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls
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topic_title	QH471-489 RG1-991 Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls extracellular vesicles spermatozoa in vitro fertilization bull
topic	misc QH471-489 misc RG1-991 misc extracellular vesicles misc spermatozoa misc in vitro fertilization misc bull misc Reproduction misc Gynecology and obstetrics
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title	Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls
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title_full	Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls
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author_browse	Anna Lange-Consiglio Emanuele Capra Noemi Monferini Simone Canesi Giampaolo Bosi Marina Cretich Roberto Frigerio Valentina Galbiati Federica Bertuzzo Francesco Cobalchini Fausto Cremonesi Bianca Gasparrini
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title_sort	extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls
callnumber	QH471-489
title_auth	Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls
abstract	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contained in seminal plasma, vehicle RNA, proteins, and other molecules able to influence the biological function of sperm. The aim of this study was to improve the fertilizing capacity of male gametes of low-fertility bulls using EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation from the seminal plasma of a bull of proven fertility. After a dose–response curve study, 10×106 sperm of low-fertility bulls were co-incubated for 1 h with 400×106 EVs/mL. In addition, it has been verified that the incorporation of EVs, which takes place in the sperm midpiece, is maintained for 5 h and even after cryopreservation. Subsequently, the spermatozoa of low-fertility bulls, with EVs incorporated, were used for the in vitro production of embryos. The rate of blastocyst at seventh day yield in vitro, with the use of sperm with EVs incorporated, increased by about twice the yield obtained with the same sperm in the absence of EVs: bulls having an average embryonic yield of 6.41 ± 1.48%, 10.32 ± 4.34%, and 10.92 ± 0.95% improved their yield to 21.21 ± 1.99%, 22.17 ± 6.09%, and 19.99 ± 5.78%, respectively (P < 0.05). These encouraging results suggest that it might be possible to keep breeding bulls with poor fertility. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the in vivo fertility of sperm treated with EVs and understand how the content of EVs is involve in the sperm–vesicle interaction and in the improved sperm performance.
abstractGer	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contained in seminal plasma, vehicle RNA, proteins, and other molecules able to influence the biological function of sperm. The aim of this study was to improve the fertilizing capacity of male gametes of low-fertility bulls using EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation from the seminal plasma of a bull of proven fertility. After a dose–response curve study, 10×106 sperm of low-fertility bulls were co-incubated for 1 h with 400×106 EVs/mL. In addition, it has been verified that the incorporation of EVs, which takes place in the sperm midpiece, is maintained for 5 h and even after cryopreservation. Subsequently, the spermatozoa of low-fertility bulls, with EVs incorporated, were used for the in vitro production of embryos. The rate of blastocyst at seventh day yield in vitro, with the use of sperm with EVs incorporated, increased by about twice the yield obtained with the same sperm in the absence of EVs: bulls having an average embryonic yield of 6.41 ± 1.48%, 10.32 ± 4.34%, and 10.92 ± 0.95% improved their yield to 21.21 ± 1.99%, 22.17 ± 6.09%, and 19.99 ± 5.78%, respectively (P < 0.05). These encouraging results suggest that it might be possible to keep breeding bulls with poor fertility. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the in vivo fertility of sperm treated with EVs and understand how the content of EVs is involve in the sperm–vesicle interaction and in the improved sperm performance.
abstract_unstemmed	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contained in seminal plasma, vehicle RNA, proteins, and other molecules able to influence the biological function of sperm. The aim of this study was to improve the fertilizing capacity of male gametes of low-fertility bulls using EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation from the seminal plasma of a bull of proven fertility. After a dose–response curve study, 10×106 sperm of low-fertility bulls were co-incubated for 1 h with 400×106 EVs/mL. In addition, it has been verified that the incorporation of EVs, which takes place in the sperm midpiece, is maintained for 5 h and even after cryopreservation. Subsequently, the spermatozoa of low-fertility bulls, with EVs incorporated, were used for the in vitro production of embryos. The rate of blastocyst at seventh day yield in vitro, with the use of sperm with EVs incorporated, increased by about twice the yield obtained with the same sperm in the absence of EVs: bulls having an average embryonic yield of 6.41 ± 1.48%, 10.32 ± 4.34%, and 10.92 ± 0.95% improved their yield to 21.21 ± 1.99%, 22.17 ± 6.09%, and 19.99 ± 5.78%, respectively (P < 0.05). These encouraging results suggest that it might be possible to keep breeding bulls with poor fertility. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the in vivo fertility of sperm treated with EVs and understand how the content of EVs is involve in the sperm–vesicle interaction and in the improved sperm performance.
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title_short	Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls
url	https://doi.org/10.1530/RAF-22-0037 https://doaj.org/article/1402039503714a5bb45a79e8a866ef29 https://raf.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/raf/3/4/RAF-22-0037.xml https://doaj.org/toc/2633-8386
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Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma to improve fertilizing capacity of bulls

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