Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i<

The ascomycete <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< is well known for its mycoparasitic lifestyle. Similar to other organisms, light is an important cue for <i<T. atroviride.</i< However, besides triggering of conidiation, little is known on the physiological responses of <i<T...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Dubraska Moreno-Ruiz [verfasserIn] Alessandro Fuchs [verfasserIn] Kristina Missbach [verfasserIn] Rainer Schuhmacher [verfasserIn] Susanne Zeilinger [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	mycoparasitism secondary metabolites 6-pentyl-α-pyrone Tmk3 MAP kinase light

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Pathogens - MDPI AG, 2012, 9(2020), 10, p 860
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:2020 ; number:10, p 860

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/pathogens9100860

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ08539064X

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520			\|a The ascomycete <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< is well known for its mycoparasitic lifestyle. Similar to other organisms, light is an important cue for <i<T. atroviride.</i< However, besides triggering of conidiation, little is known on the physiological responses of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light. In this study, we analyzed how cultivation under different light wavelengths and regimes impacted the behavior of two <i<T. atroviride</i< wild-type strains: IMI206040 and P1. While colony extension of both strains was slightly affected by light, massive differences in their photoconidation responses became evident. <i<T. atroviride</i< P1 colonies conidiated under all conditions tested including growth in complete darkness, while IMI206040 required white, blue or green light to trigger asexual reproduction. Interestingly, deletion of the stress-activated MAP kinase-encoding gene <i<tmk3</i< abolished the ability of strain P1 to conidiate in red and yellow light as well as in darkness. Furthermore, light-dependent differences in the mycoparasitic activity and in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) became evident. 6-PP production was highest upon dark incubation, while light, especially exposure to white light as light/dark cycles, had an inhibitory effect on its biosynthesis. We conclude that the response of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light is strain-dependent and impacts differentiation, mycoparasitism, and 6-PP production; hence, this should be considered in experiments testing the mycoparasitic activity of these fungi.
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allfields	10.3390/pathogens9100860 doi (DE-627)DOAJ08539064X (DE-599)DOAJ7acba0ab0d924205b8e63ede15d127f0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Dubraska Moreno-Ruiz verfasserin aut Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The ascomycete <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< is well known for its mycoparasitic lifestyle. Similar to other organisms, light is an important cue for <i<T. atroviride.</i< However, besides triggering of conidiation, little is known on the physiological responses of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light. In this study, we analyzed how cultivation under different light wavelengths and regimes impacted the behavior of two <i<T. atroviride</i< wild-type strains: IMI206040 and P1. While colony extension of both strains was slightly affected by light, massive differences in their photoconidation responses became evident. <i<T. atroviride</i< P1 colonies conidiated under all conditions tested including growth in complete darkness, while IMI206040 required white, blue or green light to trigger asexual reproduction. Interestingly, deletion of the stress-activated MAP kinase-encoding gene <i<tmk3</i< abolished the ability of strain P1 to conidiate in red and yellow light as well as in darkness. Furthermore, light-dependent differences in the mycoparasitic activity and in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) became evident. 6-PP production was highest upon dark incubation, while light, especially exposure to white light as light/dark cycles, had an inhibitory effect on its biosynthesis. We conclude that the response of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light is strain-dependent and impacts differentiation, mycoparasitism, and 6-PP production; hence, this should be considered in experiments testing the mycoparasitic activity of these fungi. <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< mycoparasitism secondary metabolites 6-pentyl-α-pyrone Tmk3 MAP kinase light Medicine R Alessandro Fuchs verfasserin aut Kristina Missbach verfasserin aut Rainer Schuhmacher verfasserin aut Susanne Zeilinger verfasserin aut In Pathogens MDPI AG, 2012 9(2020), 10, p 860 (DE-627)732627885 (DE-600)2695572-6 20760817 nnns volume:9 year:2020 number:10, p 860 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100860 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7acba0ab0d924205b8e63ede15d127f0 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/10/860 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2020 10, p 860
spelling	10.3390/pathogens9100860 doi (DE-627)DOAJ08539064X (DE-599)DOAJ7acba0ab0d924205b8e63ede15d127f0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Dubraska Moreno-Ruiz verfasserin aut Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The ascomycete <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< is well known for its mycoparasitic lifestyle. Similar to other organisms, light is an important cue for <i<T. atroviride.</i< However, besides triggering of conidiation, little is known on the physiological responses of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light. In this study, we analyzed how cultivation under different light wavelengths and regimes impacted the behavior of two <i<T. atroviride</i< wild-type strains: IMI206040 and P1. While colony extension of both strains was slightly affected by light, massive differences in their photoconidation responses became evident. <i<T. atroviride</i< P1 colonies conidiated under all conditions tested including growth in complete darkness, while IMI206040 required white, blue or green light to trigger asexual reproduction. Interestingly, deletion of the stress-activated MAP kinase-encoding gene <i<tmk3</i< abolished the ability of strain P1 to conidiate in red and yellow light as well as in darkness. Furthermore, light-dependent differences in the mycoparasitic activity and in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) became evident. 6-PP production was highest upon dark incubation, while light, especially exposure to white light as light/dark cycles, had an inhibitory effect on its biosynthesis. We conclude that the response of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light is strain-dependent and impacts differentiation, mycoparasitism, and 6-PP production; hence, this should be considered in experiments testing the mycoparasitic activity of these fungi. <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< mycoparasitism secondary metabolites 6-pentyl-α-pyrone Tmk3 MAP kinase light Medicine R Alessandro Fuchs verfasserin aut Kristina Missbach verfasserin aut Rainer Schuhmacher verfasserin aut Susanne Zeilinger verfasserin aut In Pathogens MDPI AG, 2012 9(2020), 10, p 860 (DE-627)732627885 (DE-600)2695572-6 20760817 nnns volume:9 year:2020 number:10, p 860 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100860 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7acba0ab0d924205b8e63ede15d127f0 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/10/860 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2020 10, p 860
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/pathogens9100860 doi (DE-627)DOAJ08539064X (DE-599)DOAJ7acba0ab0d924205b8e63ede15d127f0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Dubraska Moreno-Ruiz verfasserin aut Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The ascomycete <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< is well known for its mycoparasitic lifestyle. Similar to other organisms, light is an important cue for <i<T. atroviride.</i< However, besides triggering of conidiation, little is known on the physiological responses of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light. In this study, we analyzed how cultivation under different light wavelengths and regimes impacted the behavior of two <i<T. atroviride</i< wild-type strains: IMI206040 and P1. While colony extension of both strains was slightly affected by light, massive differences in their photoconidation responses became evident. <i<T. atroviride</i< P1 colonies conidiated under all conditions tested including growth in complete darkness, while IMI206040 required white, blue or green light to trigger asexual reproduction. Interestingly, deletion of the stress-activated MAP kinase-encoding gene <i<tmk3</i< abolished the ability of strain P1 to conidiate in red and yellow light as well as in darkness. Furthermore, light-dependent differences in the mycoparasitic activity and in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) became evident. 6-PP production was highest upon dark incubation, while light, especially exposure to white light as light/dark cycles, had an inhibitory effect on its biosynthesis. We conclude that the response of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light is strain-dependent and impacts differentiation, mycoparasitism, and 6-PP production; hence, this should be considered in experiments testing the mycoparasitic activity of these fungi. <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< mycoparasitism secondary metabolites 6-pentyl-α-pyrone Tmk3 MAP kinase light Medicine R Alessandro Fuchs verfasserin aut Kristina Missbach verfasserin aut Rainer Schuhmacher verfasserin aut Susanne Zeilinger verfasserin aut In Pathogens MDPI AG, 2012 9(2020), 10, p 860 (DE-627)732627885 (DE-600)2695572-6 20760817 nnns volume:9 year:2020 number:10, p 860 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100860 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7acba0ab0d924205b8e63ede15d127f0 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/10/860 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2020 10, p 860
allfieldsGer	10.3390/pathogens9100860 doi (DE-627)DOAJ08539064X (DE-599)DOAJ7acba0ab0d924205b8e63ede15d127f0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Dubraska Moreno-Ruiz verfasserin aut Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The ascomycete <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< is well known for its mycoparasitic lifestyle. Similar to other organisms, light is an important cue for <i<T. atroviride.</i< However, besides triggering of conidiation, little is known on the physiological responses of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light. In this study, we analyzed how cultivation under different light wavelengths and regimes impacted the behavior of two <i<T. atroviride</i< wild-type strains: IMI206040 and P1. While colony extension of both strains was slightly affected by light, massive differences in their photoconidation responses became evident. <i<T. atroviride</i< P1 colonies conidiated under all conditions tested including growth in complete darkness, while IMI206040 required white, blue or green light to trigger asexual reproduction. Interestingly, deletion of the stress-activated MAP kinase-encoding gene <i<tmk3</i< abolished the ability of strain P1 to conidiate in red and yellow light as well as in darkness. Furthermore, light-dependent differences in the mycoparasitic activity and in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) became evident. 6-PP production was highest upon dark incubation, while light, especially exposure to white light as light/dark cycles, had an inhibitory effect on its biosynthesis. We conclude that the response of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light is strain-dependent and impacts differentiation, mycoparasitism, and 6-PP production; hence, this should be considered in experiments testing the mycoparasitic activity of these fungi. <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< mycoparasitism secondary metabolites 6-pentyl-α-pyrone Tmk3 MAP kinase light Medicine R Alessandro Fuchs verfasserin aut Kristina Missbach verfasserin aut Rainer Schuhmacher verfasserin aut Susanne Zeilinger verfasserin aut In Pathogens MDPI AG, 2012 9(2020), 10, p 860 (DE-627)732627885 (DE-600)2695572-6 20760817 nnns volume:9 year:2020 number:10, p 860 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100860 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7acba0ab0d924205b8e63ede15d127f0 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/10/860 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2020 10, p 860
allfieldsSound	10.3390/pathogens9100860 doi (DE-627)DOAJ08539064X (DE-599)DOAJ7acba0ab0d924205b8e63ede15d127f0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Dubraska Moreno-Ruiz verfasserin aut Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The ascomycete <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< is well known for its mycoparasitic lifestyle. Similar to other organisms, light is an important cue for <i<T. atroviride.</i< However, besides triggering of conidiation, little is known on the physiological responses of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light. In this study, we analyzed how cultivation under different light wavelengths and regimes impacted the behavior of two <i<T. atroviride</i< wild-type strains: IMI206040 and P1. While colony extension of both strains was slightly affected by light, massive differences in their photoconidation responses became evident. <i<T. atroviride</i< P1 colonies conidiated under all conditions tested including growth in complete darkness, while IMI206040 required white, blue or green light to trigger asexual reproduction. Interestingly, deletion of the stress-activated MAP kinase-encoding gene <i<tmk3</i< abolished the ability of strain P1 to conidiate in red and yellow light as well as in darkness. Furthermore, light-dependent differences in the mycoparasitic activity and in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) became evident. 6-PP production was highest upon dark incubation, while light, especially exposure to white light as light/dark cycles, had an inhibitory effect on its biosynthesis. We conclude that the response of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light is strain-dependent and impacts differentiation, mycoparasitism, and 6-PP production; hence, this should be considered in experiments testing the mycoparasitic activity of these fungi. <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< mycoparasitism secondary metabolites 6-pentyl-α-pyrone Tmk3 MAP kinase light Medicine R Alessandro Fuchs verfasserin aut Kristina Missbach verfasserin aut Rainer Schuhmacher verfasserin aut Susanne Zeilinger verfasserin aut In Pathogens MDPI AG, 2012 9(2020), 10, p 860 (DE-627)732627885 (DE-600)2695572-6 20760817 nnns volume:9 year:2020 number:10, p 860 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100860 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7acba0ab0d924205b8e63ede15d127f0 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/10/860 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2020 10, p 860
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author	Dubraska Moreno-Ruiz
spellingShingle	Dubraska Moreno-Ruiz misc <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< misc mycoparasitism misc secondary metabolites misc 6-pentyl-α-pyrone misc Tmk3 MAP kinase misc light misc Medicine misc R Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i<
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topic_title	Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< mycoparasitism secondary metabolites 6-pentyl-α-pyrone Tmk3 MAP kinase light
topic	misc <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< misc mycoparasitism misc secondary metabolites misc 6-pentyl-α-pyrone misc Tmk3 MAP kinase misc light misc Medicine misc R
topic_unstemmed	misc <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< misc mycoparasitism misc secondary metabolites misc 6-pentyl-α-pyrone misc Tmk3 MAP kinase misc light misc Medicine misc R
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title	Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i<
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title_full	Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i<
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author_browse	Dubraska Moreno-Ruiz Alessandro Fuchs Kristina Missbach Rainer Schuhmacher Susanne Zeilinger
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title_sort	influence of different light regimes on the mycoparasitic activity and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone biosynthesis in two strains of <i<trichoderma atroviride</i<
title_auth	Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i<
abstract	The ascomycete <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< is well known for its mycoparasitic lifestyle. Similar to other organisms, light is an important cue for <i<T. atroviride.</i< However, besides triggering of conidiation, little is known on the physiological responses of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light. In this study, we analyzed how cultivation under different light wavelengths and regimes impacted the behavior of two <i<T. atroviride</i< wild-type strains: IMI206040 and P1. While colony extension of both strains was slightly affected by light, massive differences in their photoconidation responses became evident. <i<T. atroviride</i< P1 colonies conidiated under all conditions tested including growth in complete darkness, while IMI206040 required white, blue or green light to trigger asexual reproduction. Interestingly, deletion of the stress-activated MAP kinase-encoding gene <i<tmk3</i< abolished the ability of strain P1 to conidiate in red and yellow light as well as in darkness. Furthermore, light-dependent differences in the mycoparasitic activity and in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) became evident. 6-PP production was highest upon dark incubation, while light, especially exposure to white light as light/dark cycles, had an inhibitory effect on its biosynthesis. We conclude that the response of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light is strain-dependent and impacts differentiation, mycoparasitism, and 6-PP production; hence, this should be considered in experiments testing the mycoparasitic activity of these fungi.
abstractGer	The ascomycete <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< is well known for its mycoparasitic lifestyle. Similar to other organisms, light is an important cue for <i<T. atroviride.</i< However, besides triggering of conidiation, little is known on the physiological responses of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light. In this study, we analyzed how cultivation under different light wavelengths and regimes impacted the behavior of two <i<T. atroviride</i< wild-type strains: IMI206040 and P1. While colony extension of both strains was slightly affected by light, massive differences in their photoconidation responses became evident. <i<T. atroviride</i< P1 colonies conidiated under all conditions tested including growth in complete darkness, while IMI206040 required white, blue or green light to trigger asexual reproduction. Interestingly, deletion of the stress-activated MAP kinase-encoding gene <i<tmk3</i< abolished the ability of strain P1 to conidiate in red and yellow light as well as in darkness. Furthermore, light-dependent differences in the mycoparasitic activity and in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) became evident. 6-PP production was highest upon dark incubation, while light, especially exposure to white light as light/dark cycles, had an inhibitory effect on its biosynthesis. We conclude that the response of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light is strain-dependent and impacts differentiation, mycoparasitism, and 6-PP production; hence, this should be considered in experiments testing the mycoparasitic activity of these fungi.
abstract_unstemmed	The ascomycete <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i< is well known for its mycoparasitic lifestyle. Similar to other organisms, light is an important cue for <i<T. atroviride.</i< However, besides triggering of conidiation, little is known on the physiological responses of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light. In this study, we analyzed how cultivation under different light wavelengths and regimes impacted the behavior of two <i<T. atroviride</i< wild-type strains: IMI206040 and P1. While colony extension of both strains was slightly affected by light, massive differences in their photoconidation responses became evident. <i<T. atroviride</i< P1 colonies conidiated under all conditions tested including growth in complete darkness, while IMI206040 required white, blue or green light to trigger asexual reproduction. Interestingly, deletion of the stress-activated MAP kinase-encoding gene <i<tmk3</i< abolished the ability of strain P1 to conidiate in red and yellow light as well as in darkness. Furthermore, light-dependent differences in the mycoparasitic activity and in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) became evident. 6-PP production was highest upon dark incubation, while light, especially exposure to white light as light/dark cycles, had an inhibitory effect on its biosynthesis. We conclude that the response of <i<T. atroviride</i< to light is strain-dependent and impacts differentiation, mycoparasitism, and 6-PP production; hence, this should be considered in experiments testing the mycoparasitic activity of these fungi.
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title_short	Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i<
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Furthermore, light-dependent differences in the mycoparasitic activity and in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) became evident. 6-PP production was highest upon dark incubation, while light, especially exposure to white light as light/dark cycles, had an inhibitory effect on its biosynthesis. 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Influence of Different Light Regimes on the Mycoparasitic Activity and 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone Biosynthesis in Two Strains of <i<Trichoderma atroviride</i<

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