The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation

<p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p< Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Ferrari Mauro [verfasserIn] Indolfi Ciro [verfasserIn] Curcio Antonio [verfasserIn] Gentile Francesco [verfasserIn] Decuzzi Paolo [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2008

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Nanobiotechnology - BMC, 2003, 6(2008), 1, p 9
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:6 ; year:2008 ; number:1, p 9

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/1477-3155-6-9

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ085391743

Internformat


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245	1	4	\|a The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation
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520			\|a <p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p<
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allfields	10.1186/1477-3155-6-9 doi (DE-627)DOAJ085391743 (DE-599)DOAJd717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP248.13-248.65 R855-855.5 Ferrari Mauro verfasserin aut The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p< Biotechnology Medical technology Indolfi Ciro verfasserin aut Curcio Antonio verfasserin aut Gentile Francesco verfasserin aut Decuzzi Paolo verfasserin aut In Journal of Nanobiotechnology BMC, 2003 6(2008), 1, p 9 (DE-627)362770328 (DE-600)2100022-0 14773155 nnns volume:6 year:2008 number:1, p 9 https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-6-9 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f kostenfrei http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/6/1/9 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1477-3155 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2008 1, p 9
spelling	10.1186/1477-3155-6-9 doi (DE-627)DOAJ085391743 (DE-599)DOAJd717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP248.13-248.65 R855-855.5 Ferrari Mauro verfasserin aut The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p< Biotechnology Medical technology Indolfi Ciro verfasserin aut Curcio Antonio verfasserin aut Gentile Francesco verfasserin aut Decuzzi Paolo verfasserin aut In Journal of Nanobiotechnology BMC, 2003 6(2008), 1, p 9 (DE-627)362770328 (DE-600)2100022-0 14773155 nnns volume:6 year:2008 number:1, p 9 https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-6-9 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f kostenfrei http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/6/1/9 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1477-3155 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2008 1, p 9
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/1477-3155-6-9 doi (DE-627)DOAJ085391743 (DE-599)DOAJd717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP248.13-248.65 R855-855.5 Ferrari Mauro verfasserin aut The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p< Biotechnology Medical technology Indolfi Ciro verfasserin aut Curcio Antonio verfasserin aut Gentile Francesco verfasserin aut Decuzzi Paolo verfasserin aut In Journal of Nanobiotechnology BMC, 2003 6(2008), 1, p 9 (DE-627)362770328 (DE-600)2100022-0 14773155 nnns volume:6 year:2008 number:1, p 9 https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-6-9 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f kostenfrei http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/6/1/9 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1477-3155 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2008 1, p 9
allfieldsGer	10.1186/1477-3155-6-9 doi (DE-627)DOAJ085391743 (DE-599)DOAJd717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP248.13-248.65 R855-855.5 Ferrari Mauro verfasserin aut The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p< Biotechnology Medical technology Indolfi Ciro verfasserin aut Curcio Antonio verfasserin aut Gentile Francesco verfasserin aut Decuzzi Paolo verfasserin aut In Journal of Nanobiotechnology BMC, 2003 6(2008), 1, p 9 (DE-627)362770328 (DE-600)2100022-0 14773155 nnns volume:6 year:2008 number:1, p 9 https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-6-9 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f kostenfrei http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/6/1/9 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1477-3155 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2008 1, p 9
allfieldsSound	10.1186/1477-3155-6-9 doi (DE-627)DOAJ085391743 (DE-599)DOAJd717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP248.13-248.65 R855-855.5 Ferrari Mauro verfasserin aut The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation 2008 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p< Biotechnology Medical technology Indolfi Ciro verfasserin aut Curcio Antonio verfasserin aut Gentile Francesco verfasserin aut Decuzzi Paolo verfasserin aut In Journal of Nanobiotechnology BMC, 2003 6(2008), 1, p 9 (DE-627)362770328 (DE-600)2100022-0 14773155 nnns volume:6 year:2008 number:1, p 9 https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-6-9 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f kostenfrei http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/6/1/9 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1477-3155 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2008 1, p 9
language	English
source	In Journal of Nanobiotechnology 6(2008), 1, p 9 volume:6 year:2008 number:1, p 9
sourceStr	In Journal of Nanobiotechnology 6(2008), 1, p 9 volume:6 year:2008 number:1, p 9
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Biotechnology Medical technology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Journal of Nanobiotechnology
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Ferrari Mauro @@aut@@ Indolfi Ciro @@aut@@ Curcio Antonio @@aut@@ Gentile Francesco @@aut@@ Decuzzi Paolo @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2008-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	362770328
id	DOAJ085391743
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000naa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ085391743</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230311034926.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230311s2008 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1186/1477-3155-6-9</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ085391743</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJd717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">TP248.13-248.65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">R855-855.5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ferrari Mauro</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2008</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a"><p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Biotechnology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Medical technology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Indolfi Ciro</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Curcio Antonio</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield 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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Ferrari Mauro
spellingShingle	Ferrari Mauro misc TP248.13-248.65 misc R855-855.5 misc Biotechnology misc Medical technology The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation
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topic_title	TP248.13-248.65 R855-855.5 The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation
topic	misc TP248.13-248.65 misc R855-855.5 misc Biotechnology misc Medical technology
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title	The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation
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title_full	The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation
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author_browse	Ferrari Mauro Indolfi Ciro Curcio Antonio Gentile Francesco Decuzzi Paolo
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title_sort	margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation
callnumber	TP248.13-248.65
title_auth	The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation
abstract	<p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p<
abstractGer	<p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p<
abstract_unstemmed	<p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p<
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container_issue	1, p 9
title_short	The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation
url	https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-6-9 https://doaj.org/article/d717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/6/1/9 https://doaj.org/toc/1477-3155
remote_bool	true
author2	Indolfi Ciro Curcio Antonio Gentile Francesco Decuzzi Paolo
author2Str	Indolfi Ciro Curcio Antonio Gentile Francesco Decuzzi Paolo
ppnlink	362770328
callnumber-subject	TP - Chemical Technology
mediatype_str_mv	c
isOA_txt	true
hochschulschrift_bool	false
doi_str	10.1186/1477-3155-6-9
callnumber-a	TP248.13-248.65
up_date	2024-07-03T14:28:25.556Z
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fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000naa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ085391743</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230311034926.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230311s2008 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.1186/1477-3155-6-9</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ085391743</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJd717d1fd8c394046b4e392b25bb3d65f</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">TP248.13-248.65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">R855-855.5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ferrari Mauro</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2008</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a"><p<Abstract</p< <p<The propensity of circulating particles to drift laterally towards the vessel walls (margination) in the microcirculation has been experimentally studied using a parallel plate flow chamber. Fluorescent polystyrene particles, with a relative density to water of just 50 <it<g/cm</it<<sup<3</sup<comparable with that of liposomal or polymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery and bio-imaging, have been used with a diameter spanning over three order of magnitudes from 50 <it<nm </it<up to 10 <it<μm</it<. The number <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<n</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathTypeMTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles marginating per unit surface have been measured through confocal fluorescent microscopy for a horizontal chamber, and the corresponding total volume <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< of particles has been calculated. Scaling laws have been derived as a function of the particle diameter <it<d</it<. In horizontal capillaries, margination is mainly due to the gravitational force for particles with <it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm </it<and <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<4</sup<; whereas for smaller particles <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increases with <it<d</it<<sup<3</sup<. In vertical capillaries, since the particles are heavier than the fluid they would tend to marginate towards the walls in downward flows and towards the center in upward flows, with <inline-formula<<m:math name="1477-3155-6-9-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"<<m:semantics<<m:mrow<<m:msub<<m:mover accent="true"<<m:mi<V</m:mi<<m:mo<∼</m:mo<</m:mover<<m:mi<s</m:mi<</m:msub<</m:mrow<<m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"< MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmOvayLbaGaadaWgaaWcbaGaem4Camhabeaaaaa@2EB4@</m:annotation<</m:semantics<</m:math<</inline-formula< increasing with <it<d</it<<sup<9/2</sup<. However, the margination in vertical capillaries is predicted to be much smaller than in horizontal capillaries. These results suggest that, for particles circulating in an external field of volume forces (gravitation or magnetic), the strategy of using larger particles designed to marginate and adhere firmly to the vascular walls under flow could be more effective than that of using particles sufficiently small (<it<d </it<< 200 <it<nm</it<) to hopefully cross a discontinuous endothelium.</p<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Biotechnology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Medical technology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Indolfi Ciro</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Curcio Antonio</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield 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The margination propensity of spherical particles for vascular targeting in the microcirculation

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