Influence of Environmental Factors on the Production of Penitrems A–F by Penicillium crustosum

Filamentous fungi produce a multitude of secondary metabolites, some of them known as mycotoxins, which are toxic to vertebrates and other animal groups in low concentrations. Among them, penitrems, which belong to the group of indole-diterpene mycotoxins, are synthesized by Penicillium and Aspergil...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Svetlana A. Kalinina [verfasserIn] Annika Jagels [verfasserIn] Benedikt Cramer [verfasserIn] Rolf Geisen [verfasserIn] Hans-Ulrich Humpf [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Schlagwörter:	Penicillium crustosum penitrem flash chromatography stress factor cheese model medium micro-scale extraction liquid chromatography

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Toxins - MDPI AG, 2010, 9(2017), 7, p 210
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:2017 ; number:7, p 210

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/toxins9070210

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ085502324

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allfields	10.3390/toxins9070210 doi (DE-627)DOAJ085502324 (DE-599)DOAJb46b8367c4ae4ad58b320c3f8fc85e46 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Svetlana A. Kalinina verfasserin aut Influence of Environmental Factors on the Production of Penitrems A–F by Penicillium crustosum 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Filamentous fungi produce a multitude of secondary metabolites, some of them known as mycotoxins, which are toxic to vertebrates and other animal groups in low concentrations. Among them, penitrems, which belong to the group of indole-diterpene mycotoxins, are synthesized by Penicillium and Aspergillus genera and exhibit potent tremorgenic effects. This is the first complex study of the penitrems A–F production under the influence of different abiotic factors, e.g., media, incubation time, temperature, pH, light, water activity, and carbon and nitrogen source as well as oxidative and salt stress. For this purpose, penitrems A–F were isolated from Penicillium crustosum cultures and used as analytical standards. Among the carbon sources, glucose supplemented to the media at the concentration of 50 g/L, showed the strongest inducing effect on the biosynthesis of penitrems. Among nitrogen sources, glutamate was found to be the most favorable supplement, significantly increasing production of these secondary metabolites. CuSO4-promoted oxidative stress was also shown to remarkably stimulate biosynthesis of all penitrems. In contrast, the salt stress, caused by the elevated concentrations of NaCl, showed an inhibitory effect on the penitrem biosynthesis. Finally, cheese model medium elicited exceptionally high production of all members of the penitrems family. Obtained results give insides into the biosynthesis of toxicologically relevant penitrems A–F under different environmental factors and can be utilized to prevent food contamination. Penicillium crustosum penitrem flash chromatography stress factor cheese model medium micro-scale extraction liquid chromatography Medicine R Annika Jagels verfasserin aut Benedikt Cramer verfasserin aut Rolf Geisen verfasserin aut Hans-Ulrich Humpf verfasserin aut In Toxins MDPI AG, 2010 9(2017), 7, p 210 (DE-627)610604236 (DE-600)2518395-3 20726651 nnns volume:9 year:2017 number:7, p 210 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9070210 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b46b8367c4ae4ad58b320c3f8fc85e46 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/7/210 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2017 7, p 210
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author	Svetlana A. Kalinina
spellingShingle	Svetlana A. Kalinina misc Penicillium crustosum misc penitrem misc flash chromatography misc stress factor misc cheese model medium misc micro-scale extraction misc liquid chromatography misc Medicine misc R Influence of Environmental Factors on the Production of Penitrems A–F by Penicillium crustosum
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topic_title	Influence of Environmental Factors on the Production of Penitrems A–F by Penicillium crustosum Penicillium crustosum penitrem flash chromatography stress factor cheese model medium micro-scale extraction liquid chromatography
topic	misc Penicillium crustosum misc penitrem misc flash chromatography misc stress factor misc cheese model medium misc micro-scale extraction misc liquid chromatography misc Medicine misc R
topic_unstemmed	misc Penicillium crustosum misc penitrem misc flash chromatography misc stress factor misc cheese model medium misc micro-scale extraction misc liquid chromatography misc Medicine misc R
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title	Influence of Environmental Factors on the Production of Penitrems A–F by Penicillium crustosum
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title_sort	influence of environmental factors on the production of penitrems a–f by penicillium crustosum
title_auth	Influence of Environmental Factors on the Production of Penitrems A–F by Penicillium crustosum
abstract	Filamentous fungi produce a multitude of secondary metabolites, some of them known as mycotoxins, which are toxic to vertebrates and other animal groups in low concentrations. Among them, penitrems, which belong to the group of indole-diterpene mycotoxins, are synthesized by Penicillium and Aspergillus genera and exhibit potent tremorgenic effects. This is the first complex study of the penitrems A–F production under the influence of different abiotic factors, e.g., media, incubation time, temperature, pH, light, water activity, and carbon and nitrogen source as well as oxidative and salt stress. For this purpose, penitrems A–F were isolated from Penicillium crustosum cultures and used as analytical standards. Among the carbon sources, glucose supplemented to the media at the concentration of 50 g/L, showed the strongest inducing effect on the biosynthesis of penitrems. Among nitrogen sources, glutamate was found to be the most favorable supplement, significantly increasing production of these secondary metabolites. CuSO4-promoted oxidative stress was also shown to remarkably stimulate biosynthesis of all penitrems. In contrast, the salt stress, caused by the elevated concentrations of NaCl, showed an inhibitory effect on the penitrem biosynthesis. Finally, cheese model medium elicited exceptionally high production of all members of the penitrems family. Obtained results give insides into the biosynthesis of toxicologically relevant penitrems A–F under different environmental factors and can be utilized to prevent food contamination.
abstractGer	Filamentous fungi produce a multitude of secondary metabolites, some of them known as mycotoxins, which are toxic to vertebrates and other animal groups in low concentrations. Among them, penitrems, which belong to the group of indole-diterpene mycotoxins, are synthesized by Penicillium and Aspergillus genera and exhibit potent tremorgenic effects. This is the first complex study of the penitrems A–F production under the influence of different abiotic factors, e.g., media, incubation time, temperature, pH, light, water activity, and carbon and nitrogen source as well as oxidative and salt stress. For this purpose, penitrems A–F were isolated from Penicillium crustosum cultures and used as analytical standards. Among the carbon sources, glucose supplemented to the media at the concentration of 50 g/L, showed the strongest inducing effect on the biosynthesis of penitrems. Among nitrogen sources, glutamate was found to be the most favorable supplement, significantly increasing production of these secondary metabolites. CuSO4-promoted oxidative stress was also shown to remarkably stimulate biosynthesis of all penitrems. In contrast, the salt stress, caused by the elevated concentrations of NaCl, showed an inhibitory effect on the penitrem biosynthesis. Finally, cheese model medium elicited exceptionally high production of all members of the penitrems family. Obtained results give insides into the biosynthesis of toxicologically relevant penitrems A–F under different environmental factors and can be utilized to prevent food contamination.
abstract_unstemmed	Filamentous fungi produce a multitude of secondary metabolites, some of them known as mycotoxins, which are toxic to vertebrates and other animal groups in low concentrations. Among them, penitrems, which belong to the group of indole-diterpene mycotoxins, are synthesized by Penicillium and Aspergillus genera and exhibit potent tremorgenic effects. This is the first complex study of the penitrems A–F production under the influence of different abiotic factors, e.g., media, incubation time, temperature, pH, light, water activity, and carbon and nitrogen source as well as oxidative and salt stress. For this purpose, penitrems A–F were isolated from Penicillium crustosum cultures and used as analytical standards. Among the carbon sources, glucose supplemented to the media at the concentration of 50 g/L, showed the strongest inducing effect on the biosynthesis of penitrems. Among nitrogen sources, glutamate was found to be the most favorable supplement, significantly increasing production of these secondary metabolites. CuSO4-promoted oxidative stress was also shown to remarkably stimulate biosynthesis of all penitrems. In contrast, the salt stress, caused by the elevated concentrations of NaCl, showed an inhibitory effect on the penitrem biosynthesis. Finally, cheese model medium elicited exceptionally high production of all members of the penitrems family. Obtained results give insides into the biosynthesis of toxicologically relevant penitrems A–F under different environmental factors and can be utilized to prevent food contamination.
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title_short	Influence of Environmental Factors on the Production of Penitrems A–F by Penicillium crustosum
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Influence of Environmental Factors on the Production of Penitrems A–F by Penicillium crustosum

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