Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material

Although three-dimensional (3D) printing is clinically convenient to fabricate occlusal splints, it is still unclear how the post-curing method and the printer type can affect 3D-printed splints. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stroboscopic post-curing at a nitrogen gas (N<sub<2<...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Junichiro Wada [verfasserIn] Kanae Wada [verfasserIn] Mona Gibreel [verfasserIn] Noriyuki Wakabayashi [verfasserIn] Tsutomu Iwamoto [verfasserIn] Pekka K. Vallittu [verfasserIn] Lippo Lassila [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	3D printing mechanical property degree of double bond conversion microlayer structure occlusal splint post-curing

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Polymers - MDPI AG, 2011, 14(2022), 19, p 3971
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2022 ; number:19, p 3971

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/polym14193971

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ086345788

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520			\|a Although three-dimensional (3D) printing is clinically convenient to fabricate occlusal splints, it is still unclear how the post-curing method and the printer type can affect 3D-printed splints. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stroboscopic post-curing at a nitrogen gas (N<sub<2</sub<) atmosphere versus post-curing in an air atmosphere, as well as the printer type (liquid crystal display (LCD) and digital light processing (DLP)) on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed hard-type occlusal splint material. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, Vickers hardness number (VHN), fracture toughness, degree of double bond conversion (DC), 3D microlayer structure, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The post-curing method significantly affected all evaluated properties except fracture toughness and 3D microlayer structure, while the printer type significantly affected all evaluated properties except flexural strength and flexural modulus. VHN and DC were significantly higher, and the smoother surface was noticeably obtained when printed by LCD printer and post-cured at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere. The current results suggested that the post-curing method and the printer type would play a role in the mechanical properties of the evaluated material and that the combination of post-curing at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere and LCD printer could enhance its mechanical properties and surface smoothness.
650		4	\|a 3D printing
650		4	\|a mechanical property
650		4	\|a degree of double bond conversion
650		4	\|a microlayer structure
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650		4	\|a post-curing
653		0	\|a Organic chemistry
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allfields	10.3390/polym14193971 doi (DE-627)DOAJ086345788 (DE-599)DOAJ059cf2504de64fd3936bc2a30517643a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Junichiro Wada verfasserin aut Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Although three-dimensional (3D) printing is clinically convenient to fabricate occlusal splints, it is still unclear how the post-curing method and the printer type can affect 3D-printed splints. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stroboscopic post-curing at a nitrogen gas (N<sub<2</sub<) atmosphere versus post-curing in an air atmosphere, as well as the printer type (liquid crystal display (LCD) and digital light processing (DLP)) on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed hard-type occlusal splint material. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, Vickers hardness number (VHN), fracture toughness, degree of double bond conversion (DC), 3D microlayer structure, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The post-curing method significantly affected all evaluated properties except fracture toughness and 3D microlayer structure, while the printer type significantly affected all evaluated properties except flexural strength and flexural modulus. VHN and DC were significantly higher, and the smoother surface was noticeably obtained when printed by LCD printer and post-cured at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere. The current results suggested that the post-curing method and the printer type would play a role in the mechanical properties of the evaluated material and that the combination of post-curing at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere and LCD printer could enhance its mechanical properties and surface smoothness. 3D printing mechanical property degree of double bond conversion microlayer structure occlusal splint post-curing Organic chemistry Kanae Wada verfasserin aut Mona Gibreel verfasserin aut Noriyuki Wakabayashi verfasserin aut Tsutomu Iwamoto verfasserin aut Pekka K. Vallittu verfasserin aut Lippo Lassila verfasserin aut In Polymers MDPI AG, 2011 14(2022), 19, p 3971 (DE-627)61409612X (DE-600)2527146-5 20734360 nnns volume:14 year:2022 number:19, p 3971 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14193971 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/059cf2504de64fd3936bc2a30517643a kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/19/3971 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2022 19, p 3971
spelling	10.3390/polym14193971 doi (DE-627)DOAJ086345788 (DE-599)DOAJ059cf2504de64fd3936bc2a30517643a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Junichiro Wada verfasserin aut Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Although three-dimensional (3D) printing is clinically convenient to fabricate occlusal splints, it is still unclear how the post-curing method and the printer type can affect 3D-printed splints. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stroboscopic post-curing at a nitrogen gas (N<sub<2</sub<) atmosphere versus post-curing in an air atmosphere, as well as the printer type (liquid crystal display (LCD) and digital light processing (DLP)) on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed hard-type occlusal splint material. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, Vickers hardness number (VHN), fracture toughness, degree of double bond conversion (DC), 3D microlayer structure, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The post-curing method significantly affected all evaluated properties except fracture toughness and 3D microlayer structure, while the printer type significantly affected all evaluated properties except flexural strength and flexural modulus. VHN and DC were significantly higher, and the smoother surface was noticeably obtained when printed by LCD printer and post-cured at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere. The current results suggested that the post-curing method and the printer type would play a role in the mechanical properties of the evaluated material and that the combination of post-curing at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere and LCD printer could enhance its mechanical properties and surface smoothness. 3D printing mechanical property degree of double bond conversion microlayer structure occlusal splint post-curing Organic chemistry Kanae Wada verfasserin aut Mona Gibreel verfasserin aut Noriyuki Wakabayashi verfasserin aut Tsutomu Iwamoto verfasserin aut Pekka K. Vallittu verfasserin aut Lippo Lassila verfasserin aut In Polymers MDPI AG, 2011 14(2022), 19, p 3971 (DE-627)61409612X (DE-600)2527146-5 20734360 nnns volume:14 year:2022 number:19, p 3971 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14193971 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/059cf2504de64fd3936bc2a30517643a kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/19/3971 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2022 19, p 3971
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allfieldsGer	10.3390/polym14193971 doi (DE-627)DOAJ086345788 (DE-599)DOAJ059cf2504de64fd3936bc2a30517643a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Junichiro Wada verfasserin aut Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Although three-dimensional (3D) printing is clinically convenient to fabricate occlusal splints, it is still unclear how the post-curing method and the printer type can affect 3D-printed splints. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stroboscopic post-curing at a nitrogen gas (N<sub<2</sub<) atmosphere versus post-curing in an air atmosphere, as well as the printer type (liquid crystal display (LCD) and digital light processing (DLP)) on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed hard-type occlusal splint material. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, Vickers hardness number (VHN), fracture toughness, degree of double bond conversion (DC), 3D microlayer structure, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The post-curing method significantly affected all evaluated properties except fracture toughness and 3D microlayer structure, while the printer type significantly affected all evaluated properties except flexural strength and flexural modulus. VHN and DC were significantly higher, and the smoother surface was noticeably obtained when printed by LCD printer and post-cured at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere. The current results suggested that the post-curing method and the printer type would play a role in the mechanical properties of the evaluated material and that the combination of post-curing at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere and LCD printer could enhance its mechanical properties and surface smoothness. 3D printing mechanical property degree of double bond conversion microlayer structure occlusal splint post-curing Organic chemistry Kanae Wada verfasserin aut Mona Gibreel verfasserin aut Noriyuki Wakabayashi verfasserin aut Tsutomu Iwamoto verfasserin aut Pekka K. Vallittu verfasserin aut Lippo Lassila verfasserin aut In Polymers MDPI AG, 2011 14(2022), 19, p 3971 (DE-627)61409612X (DE-600)2527146-5 20734360 nnns volume:14 year:2022 number:19, p 3971 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14193971 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/059cf2504de64fd3936bc2a30517643a kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/19/3971 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2022 19, p 3971
allfieldsSound	10.3390/polym14193971 doi (DE-627)DOAJ086345788 (DE-599)DOAJ059cf2504de64fd3936bc2a30517643a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Junichiro Wada verfasserin aut Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Although three-dimensional (3D) printing is clinically convenient to fabricate occlusal splints, it is still unclear how the post-curing method and the printer type can affect 3D-printed splints. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stroboscopic post-curing at a nitrogen gas (N<sub<2</sub<) atmosphere versus post-curing in an air atmosphere, as well as the printer type (liquid crystal display (LCD) and digital light processing (DLP)) on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed hard-type occlusal splint material. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, Vickers hardness number (VHN), fracture toughness, degree of double bond conversion (DC), 3D microlayer structure, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The post-curing method significantly affected all evaluated properties except fracture toughness and 3D microlayer structure, while the printer type significantly affected all evaluated properties except flexural strength and flexural modulus. VHN and DC were significantly higher, and the smoother surface was noticeably obtained when printed by LCD printer and post-cured at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere. The current results suggested that the post-curing method and the printer type would play a role in the mechanical properties of the evaluated material and that the combination of post-curing at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere and LCD printer could enhance its mechanical properties and surface smoothness. 3D printing mechanical property degree of double bond conversion microlayer structure occlusal splint post-curing Organic chemistry Kanae Wada verfasserin aut Mona Gibreel verfasserin aut Noriyuki Wakabayashi verfasserin aut Tsutomu Iwamoto verfasserin aut Pekka K. Vallittu verfasserin aut Lippo Lassila verfasserin aut In Polymers MDPI AG, 2011 14(2022), 19, p 3971 (DE-627)61409612X (DE-600)2527146-5 20734360 nnns volume:14 year:2022 number:19, p 3971 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14193971 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/059cf2504de64fd3936bc2a30517643a kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/19/3971 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2022 19, p 3971
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Junichiro Wada @@aut@@ Kanae Wada @@aut@@ Mona Gibreel @@aut@@ Noriyuki Wakabayashi @@aut@@ Tsutomu Iwamoto @@aut@@ Pekka K. Vallittu @@aut@@ Lippo Lassila @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Junichiro Wada
spellingShingle	Junichiro Wada misc QD241-441 misc 3D printing misc mechanical property misc degree of double bond conversion misc microlayer structure misc occlusal splint misc post-curing misc Organic chemistry Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material
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topic_title	QD241-441 Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material 3D printing mechanical property degree of double bond conversion microlayer structure occlusal splint post-curing
topic	misc QD241-441 misc 3D printing misc mechanical property misc degree of double bond conversion misc microlayer structure misc occlusal splint misc post-curing misc Organic chemistry
topic_unstemmed	misc QD241-441 misc 3D printing misc mechanical property misc degree of double bond conversion misc microlayer structure misc occlusal splint misc post-curing misc Organic chemistry
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title	Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material
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title_full	Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material
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title_sort	effect of nitrogen gas post-curing and printer type on the mechanical properties of 3d-printed hard occlusal splint material
callnumber	QD241-441
title_auth	Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material
abstract	Although three-dimensional (3D) printing is clinically convenient to fabricate occlusal splints, it is still unclear how the post-curing method and the printer type can affect 3D-printed splints. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stroboscopic post-curing at a nitrogen gas (N<sub<2</sub<) atmosphere versus post-curing in an air atmosphere, as well as the printer type (liquid crystal display (LCD) and digital light processing (DLP)) on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed hard-type occlusal splint material. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, Vickers hardness number (VHN), fracture toughness, degree of double bond conversion (DC), 3D microlayer structure, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The post-curing method significantly affected all evaluated properties except fracture toughness and 3D microlayer structure, while the printer type significantly affected all evaluated properties except flexural strength and flexural modulus. VHN and DC were significantly higher, and the smoother surface was noticeably obtained when printed by LCD printer and post-cured at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere. The current results suggested that the post-curing method and the printer type would play a role in the mechanical properties of the evaluated material and that the combination of post-curing at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere and LCD printer could enhance its mechanical properties and surface smoothness.
abstractGer	Although three-dimensional (3D) printing is clinically convenient to fabricate occlusal splints, it is still unclear how the post-curing method and the printer type can affect 3D-printed splints. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stroboscopic post-curing at a nitrogen gas (N<sub<2</sub<) atmosphere versus post-curing in an air atmosphere, as well as the printer type (liquid crystal display (LCD) and digital light processing (DLP)) on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed hard-type occlusal splint material. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, Vickers hardness number (VHN), fracture toughness, degree of double bond conversion (DC), 3D microlayer structure, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The post-curing method significantly affected all evaluated properties except fracture toughness and 3D microlayer structure, while the printer type significantly affected all evaluated properties except flexural strength and flexural modulus. VHN and DC were significantly higher, and the smoother surface was noticeably obtained when printed by LCD printer and post-cured at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere. The current results suggested that the post-curing method and the printer type would play a role in the mechanical properties of the evaluated material and that the combination of post-curing at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere and LCD printer could enhance its mechanical properties and surface smoothness.
abstract_unstemmed	Although three-dimensional (3D) printing is clinically convenient to fabricate occlusal splints, it is still unclear how the post-curing method and the printer type can affect 3D-printed splints. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stroboscopic post-curing at a nitrogen gas (N<sub<2</sub<) atmosphere versus post-curing in an air atmosphere, as well as the printer type (liquid crystal display (LCD) and digital light processing (DLP)) on the mechanical properties of a 3D-printed hard-type occlusal splint material. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, Vickers hardness number (VHN), fracture toughness, degree of double bond conversion (DC), 3D microlayer structure, water sorption, and water solubility were evaluated. The post-curing method significantly affected all evaluated properties except fracture toughness and 3D microlayer structure, while the printer type significantly affected all evaluated properties except flexural strength and flexural modulus. VHN and DC were significantly higher, and the smoother surface was noticeably obtained when printed by LCD printer and post-cured at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere. The current results suggested that the post-curing method and the printer type would play a role in the mechanical properties of the evaluated material and that the combination of post-curing at an N<sub<2</sub< atmosphere and LCD printer could enhance its mechanical properties and surface smoothness.
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title_short	Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14193971 https://doaj.org/article/059cf2504de64fd3936bc2a30517643a https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/19/3971 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360
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Effect of Nitrogen Gas Post-Curing and Printer Type on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Hard Occlusal Splint Material

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