Enrichment of High Arsenic Groundwater Controlled by Hydrogeochemical and Physical Processes in the Hetao Basin, China

Based on 447 samples collected from a shallow aquifer (depths from 0 to 150 m) in the Hetao Basin, Northern China, an integrated hydrogeochemical approach was used in this study to conceptualize the enrichment of high arsenic groundwater in the Hetao Basin. An unconventional method of distinguishing...
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Autor*in:	Wengeng Cao [verfasserIn] Yu Ren [verfasserIn] Qiuyao Dong [verfasserIn] Zeyan Li [verfasserIn] Shunyu Xiao [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	high arsenic groundwater cumulative frequency curve ionic relationship hydrogeochemical process

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - MDPI AG, 2005, 19(2022), 13489, p 13489
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:19 ; year:2022 ; number:13489, p 13489

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ijerph192013489

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ086789570

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520			\|a Based on 447 samples collected from a shallow aquifer (depths from 0 to 150 m) in the Hetao Basin, Northern China, an integrated hydrogeochemical approach was used in this study to conceptualize the enrichment of high arsenic groundwater in the Hetao Basin. An unconventional method of distinguishing hydrogeochemical and physical processes from a dataset was tested by investigating the cumulative frequency distribution of ionic ratios expressed on a probability scale. By applying cumulative frequency distribution curves to characterize the distribution of ionic ratios throughout the Hetao Basin, hydrogeochemical indicators were obtained that distinguish the series of hydrogeochemical processes that govern groundwater composition. All hydrogeochemical processes can basically be classified as recharge intensity of groundwater, evaporation concentration intensity, and reductive degree controlling the spatial distribution of arsenic. By considering the three processes, we found that the concentration of arsenic was more than 10 μg/L when the (HCO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup<+CO<sub<3</sub<<sup<2−</sup<)/SO<sub<4</sub<<sup<2−</sup< ratio was over 4.1 (strong reductive area). As the evaporation concentration intensity increased, the median value of arsenic increased from 10.74 to 382.7 μg/L in the median reductive area and rapidly increased from 89.11 to 461.45 μg/L in the strong reductive area. As the river recharge intensity increased (with the intensity index increasing from 0 to 5), the median value of arsenic dropped from 40.2 to 6.8 μg/L in the median reductive area and decreased more markedly from 219.85 to 23.73 μg/L in the strong reductive area. The results provide a new insight into the mechanism of As enrichment in groundwater.
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author	Wengeng Cao
spellingShingle	Wengeng Cao misc high arsenic groundwater misc cumulative frequency curve misc ionic relationship misc hydrogeochemical process misc Medicine misc R Enrichment of High Arsenic Groundwater Controlled by Hydrogeochemical and Physical Processes in the Hetao Basin, China
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topic_title	Enrichment of High Arsenic Groundwater Controlled by Hydrogeochemical and Physical Processes in the Hetao Basin, China high arsenic groundwater cumulative frequency curve ionic relationship hydrogeochemical process
topic	misc high arsenic groundwater misc cumulative frequency curve misc ionic relationship misc hydrogeochemical process misc Medicine misc R
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title	Enrichment of High Arsenic Groundwater Controlled by Hydrogeochemical and Physical Processes in the Hetao Basin, China
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title_sort	enrichment of high arsenic groundwater controlled by hydrogeochemical and physical processes in the hetao basin, china
title_auth	Enrichment of High Arsenic Groundwater Controlled by Hydrogeochemical and Physical Processes in the Hetao Basin, China
abstract	Based on 447 samples collected from a shallow aquifer (depths from 0 to 150 m) in the Hetao Basin, Northern China, an integrated hydrogeochemical approach was used in this study to conceptualize the enrichment of high arsenic groundwater in the Hetao Basin. An unconventional method of distinguishing hydrogeochemical and physical processes from a dataset was tested by investigating the cumulative frequency distribution of ionic ratios expressed on a probability scale. By applying cumulative frequency distribution curves to characterize the distribution of ionic ratios throughout the Hetao Basin, hydrogeochemical indicators were obtained that distinguish the series of hydrogeochemical processes that govern groundwater composition. All hydrogeochemical processes can basically be classified as recharge intensity of groundwater, evaporation concentration intensity, and reductive degree controlling the spatial distribution of arsenic. By considering the three processes, we found that the concentration of arsenic was more than 10 μg/L when the (HCO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup<+CO<sub<3</sub<<sup<2−</sup<)/SO<sub<4</sub<<sup<2−</sup< ratio was over 4.1 (strong reductive area). As the evaporation concentration intensity increased, the median value of arsenic increased from 10.74 to 382.7 μg/L in the median reductive area and rapidly increased from 89.11 to 461.45 μg/L in the strong reductive area. As the river recharge intensity increased (with the intensity index increasing from 0 to 5), the median value of arsenic dropped from 40.2 to 6.8 μg/L in the median reductive area and decreased more markedly from 219.85 to 23.73 μg/L in the strong reductive area. The results provide a new insight into the mechanism of As enrichment in groundwater.
abstractGer	Based on 447 samples collected from a shallow aquifer (depths from 0 to 150 m) in the Hetao Basin, Northern China, an integrated hydrogeochemical approach was used in this study to conceptualize the enrichment of high arsenic groundwater in the Hetao Basin. An unconventional method of distinguishing hydrogeochemical and physical processes from a dataset was tested by investigating the cumulative frequency distribution of ionic ratios expressed on a probability scale. By applying cumulative frequency distribution curves to characterize the distribution of ionic ratios throughout the Hetao Basin, hydrogeochemical indicators were obtained that distinguish the series of hydrogeochemical processes that govern groundwater composition. All hydrogeochemical processes can basically be classified as recharge intensity of groundwater, evaporation concentration intensity, and reductive degree controlling the spatial distribution of arsenic. By considering the three processes, we found that the concentration of arsenic was more than 10 μg/L when the (HCO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup<+CO<sub<3</sub<<sup<2−</sup<)/SO<sub<4</sub<<sup<2−</sup< ratio was over 4.1 (strong reductive area). As the evaporation concentration intensity increased, the median value of arsenic increased from 10.74 to 382.7 μg/L in the median reductive area and rapidly increased from 89.11 to 461.45 μg/L in the strong reductive area. As the river recharge intensity increased (with the intensity index increasing from 0 to 5), the median value of arsenic dropped from 40.2 to 6.8 μg/L in the median reductive area and decreased more markedly from 219.85 to 23.73 μg/L in the strong reductive area. The results provide a new insight into the mechanism of As enrichment in groundwater.
abstract_unstemmed	Based on 447 samples collected from a shallow aquifer (depths from 0 to 150 m) in the Hetao Basin, Northern China, an integrated hydrogeochemical approach was used in this study to conceptualize the enrichment of high arsenic groundwater in the Hetao Basin. An unconventional method of distinguishing hydrogeochemical and physical processes from a dataset was tested by investigating the cumulative frequency distribution of ionic ratios expressed on a probability scale. By applying cumulative frequency distribution curves to characterize the distribution of ionic ratios throughout the Hetao Basin, hydrogeochemical indicators were obtained that distinguish the series of hydrogeochemical processes that govern groundwater composition. All hydrogeochemical processes can basically be classified as recharge intensity of groundwater, evaporation concentration intensity, and reductive degree controlling the spatial distribution of arsenic. By considering the three processes, we found that the concentration of arsenic was more than 10 μg/L when the (HCO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup<+CO<sub<3</sub<<sup<2−</sup<)/SO<sub<4</sub<<sup<2−</sup< ratio was over 4.1 (strong reductive area). As the evaporation concentration intensity increased, the median value of arsenic increased from 10.74 to 382.7 μg/L in the median reductive area and rapidly increased from 89.11 to 461.45 μg/L in the strong reductive area. As the river recharge intensity increased (with the intensity index increasing from 0 to 5), the median value of arsenic dropped from 40.2 to 6.8 μg/L in the median reductive area and decreased more markedly from 219.85 to 23.73 μg/L in the strong reductive area. The results provide a new insight into the mechanism of As enrichment in groundwater.
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title_short	Enrichment of High Arsenic Groundwater Controlled by Hydrogeochemical and Physical Processes in the Hetao Basin, China
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As the evaporation concentration intensity increased, the median value of arsenic increased from 10.74 to 382.7 μg/L in the median reductive area and rapidly increased from 89.11 to 461.45 μg/L in the strong reductive area. As the river recharge intensity increased (with the intensity index increasing from 0 to 5), the median value of arsenic dropped from 40.2 to 6.8 μg/L in the median reductive area and decreased more markedly from 219.85 to 23.73 μg/L in the strong reductive area. 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Enrichment of High Arsenic Groundwater Controlled by Hydrogeochemical and Physical Processes in the Hetao Basin, China

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