Multilevel Modeling of Rural Livelihood Strategies from Peasant to Village Level in Henan Province, China

With the rapid development of China’s economy, Chinese peasants now have a growing number of livelihood choices. Rural livelihood strategies are primarily a matter of choice, while the characteristics of the household and village may affect the decision-making process. However, until now,...
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Autor*in:	Le Zhang [verfasserIn] Chuanqing Liao [verfasserIn] Huan Zhang [verfasserIn] Xiaobo Hua [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	rural development livelihood transition agricultural production off-farm activities

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Sustainability - MDPI AG, 2009, 10(2018), 9, p 2967
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:10 ; year:2018 ; number:9, p 2967

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/su10092967

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ087030268

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allfieldsSound	10.3390/su10092967 doi (DE-627)DOAJ087030268 (DE-599)DOAJ89381cc052d740d6981eba82658ac68f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Le Zhang verfasserin aut Multilevel Modeling of Rural Livelihood Strategies from Peasant to Village Level in Henan Province, China 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier With the rapid development of China’s economy, Chinese peasants now have a growing number of livelihood choices. Rural livelihood strategies are primarily a matter of choice, while the characteristics of the household and village may affect the decision-making process. However, until now, there has been a lack of empirical studies that have been carried out for the identification of the multi-level determinants of rural livelihood strategies. To fill this gap, this paper applies multi-level modeling approach to model rural livelihood strategies in Henan Province, China. The results show that rural livelihood strategies have insignificant between-group variability at the household level, and significant between-group variability at the village level, with the variance at the peasant level accounting for the largest proportion of the total variance. Younger peasants who are male and have a higher education level are more likely to engage in only off-farm work, while peasants with the opposite characteristics are more likely to engage in only on-farm work. Pluriactive peasants integrate the characteristics of the other two groups, and generally live closer to urban areas than the others. In order to reduce rural income inequality and sustain agricultural production, the Chinese government should design effective policies to make farming an appealing livelihood choice, particularly for the young generation. rural development livelihood transition agricultural production off-farm activities Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences Chuanqing Liao verfasserin aut Huan Zhang verfasserin aut Xiaobo Hua verfasserin aut In Sustainability MDPI AG, 2009 10(2018), 9, p 2967 (DE-627)610604120 (DE-600)2518383-7 20711050 nnns volume:10 year:2018 number:9, p 2967 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10092967 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/89381cc052d740d6981eba82658ac68f kostenfrei http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/9/2967 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2018 9, p 2967
language	English
source	In Sustainability 10(2018), 9, p 2967 volume:10 year:2018 number:9, p 2967
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topic_facet	rural development livelihood transition agricultural production off-farm activities Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable energy sources Environmental sciences
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Le Zhang @@aut@@ Chuanqing Liao @@aut@@ Huan Zhang @@aut@@ Xiaobo Hua @@aut@@
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Rural livelihood strategies are primarily a matter of choice, while the characteristics of the household and village may affect the decision-making process. However, until now, there has been a lack of empirical studies that have been carried out for the identification of the multi-level determinants of rural livelihood strategies. To fill this gap, this paper applies multi-level modeling approach to model rural livelihood strategies in Henan Province, China. The results show that rural livelihood strategies have insignificant between-group variability at the household level, and significant between-group variability at the village level, with the variance at the peasant level accounting for the largest proportion of the total variance. Younger peasants who are male and have a higher education level are more likely to engage in only off-farm work, while peasants with the opposite characteristics are more likely to engage in only on-farm work. Pluriactive peasants integrate the characteristics of the other two groups, and generally live closer to urban areas than the others. 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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Le Zhang
spellingShingle	Le Zhang misc TD194-195 misc TJ807-830 misc GE1-350 misc rural development misc livelihood transition misc agricultural production misc off-farm activities misc Environmental effects of industries and plants misc Renewable energy sources misc Environmental sciences Multilevel Modeling of Rural Livelihood Strategies from Peasant to Village Level in Henan Province, China
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topic_title	TD194-195 TJ807-830 GE1-350 Multilevel Modeling of Rural Livelihood Strategies from Peasant to Village Level in Henan Province, China rural development livelihood transition agricultural production off-farm activities
topic	misc TD194-195 misc TJ807-830 misc GE1-350 misc rural development misc livelihood transition misc agricultural production misc off-farm activities misc Environmental effects of industries and plants misc Renewable energy sources misc Environmental sciences
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title	Multilevel Modeling of Rural Livelihood Strategies from Peasant to Village Level in Henan Province, China
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title_full	Multilevel Modeling of Rural Livelihood Strategies from Peasant to Village Level in Henan Province, China
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title_sort	multilevel modeling of rural livelihood strategies from peasant to village level in henan province, china
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title_auth	Multilevel Modeling of Rural Livelihood Strategies from Peasant to Village Level in Henan Province, China
abstract	With the rapid development of China’s economy, Chinese peasants now have a growing number of livelihood choices. Rural livelihood strategies are primarily a matter of choice, while the characteristics of the household and village may affect the decision-making process. However, until now, there has been a lack of empirical studies that have been carried out for the identification of the multi-level determinants of rural livelihood strategies. To fill this gap, this paper applies multi-level modeling approach to model rural livelihood strategies in Henan Province, China. The results show that rural livelihood strategies have insignificant between-group variability at the household level, and significant between-group variability at the village level, with the variance at the peasant level accounting for the largest proportion of the total variance. Younger peasants who are male and have a higher education level are more likely to engage in only off-farm work, while peasants with the opposite characteristics are more likely to engage in only on-farm work. Pluriactive peasants integrate the characteristics of the other two groups, and generally live closer to urban areas than the others. In order to reduce rural income inequality and sustain agricultural production, the Chinese government should design effective policies to make farming an appealing livelihood choice, particularly for the young generation.
abstractGer	With the rapid development of China’s economy, Chinese peasants now have a growing number of livelihood choices. Rural livelihood strategies are primarily a matter of choice, while the characteristics of the household and village may affect the decision-making process. However, until now, there has been a lack of empirical studies that have been carried out for the identification of the multi-level determinants of rural livelihood strategies. To fill this gap, this paper applies multi-level modeling approach to model rural livelihood strategies in Henan Province, China. The results show that rural livelihood strategies have insignificant between-group variability at the household level, and significant between-group variability at the village level, with the variance at the peasant level accounting for the largest proportion of the total variance. Younger peasants who are male and have a higher education level are more likely to engage in only off-farm work, while peasants with the opposite characteristics are more likely to engage in only on-farm work. Pluriactive peasants integrate the characteristics of the other two groups, and generally live closer to urban areas than the others. In order to reduce rural income inequality and sustain agricultural production, the Chinese government should design effective policies to make farming an appealing livelihood choice, particularly for the young generation.
abstract_unstemmed	With the rapid development of China’s economy, Chinese peasants now have a growing number of livelihood choices. Rural livelihood strategies are primarily a matter of choice, while the characteristics of the household and village may affect the decision-making process. However, until now, there has been a lack of empirical studies that have been carried out for the identification of the multi-level determinants of rural livelihood strategies. To fill this gap, this paper applies multi-level modeling approach to model rural livelihood strategies in Henan Province, China. The results show that rural livelihood strategies have insignificant between-group variability at the household level, and significant between-group variability at the village level, with the variance at the peasant level accounting for the largest proportion of the total variance. Younger peasants who are male and have a higher education level are more likely to engage in only off-farm work, while peasants with the opposite characteristics are more likely to engage in only on-farm work. Pluriactive peasants integrate the characteristics of the other two groups, and generally live closer to urban areas than the others. In order to reduce rural income inequality and sustain agricultural production, the Chinese government should design effective policies to make farming an appealing livelihood choice, particularly for the young generation.
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container_issue	9, p 2967
title_short	Multilevel Modeling of Rural Livelihood Strategies from Peasant to Village Level in Henan Province, China
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/su10092967 https://doaj.org/article/89381cc052d740d6981eba82658ac68f http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/9/2967 https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050
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Multilevel Modeling of Rural Livelihood Strategies from Peasant to Village Level in Henan Province, China

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