New designs for research in delay discounting

The two most influential models in delay discounting research have been the exponential (E) and hyperbolic (H) models. We develop a new methodology to design binary choice questions such that exponential and hyperbolic discount rates can be purposefully manipulated to make their rate parameters orth...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	John R. Doyle [verfasserIn] Catherine H. Chen [verfasserIn] Krishna Savani [verfasserIn] Andreas Glöckner [verfasserIn] Benjamin E. Hilbig [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2011

Schlagwörter:	delay discounting exponential discounting hyperbolic discounting arithmetic discounting model separation Excel Solver

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Judgment and Decision Making - Cambridge University Press, 2007, 6(2011), Seite 759-770
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:6 ; year:2011 ; pages:759-770

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1017/S1930297500004198

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ087822768

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allfields	10.1017/S1930297500004198 doi (DE-627)DOAJ087822768 (DE-599)DOAJd8966abcc41643c8bb1f9b2b25c6f3db DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 John R. Doyle verfasserin aut New designs for research in delay discounting 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The two most influential models in delay discounting research have been the exponential (E) and hyperbolic (H) models. We develop a new methodology to design binary choice questions such that exponential and hyperbolic discount rates can be purposefully manipulated to make their rate parameters orthogonal (Pearson’s R = 0), negatively correlated (R = –1), positively correlated (R = +1), or to hold one rate constant while allowing the other to vary. Then we extend the method to similarly contrast different versions of the hyperboloid model. The arithmetic discounting model (A), which is based on differences between present and future rewards rather than their ratios, may easily be made orthogonal to any other pair of models. Our procedure makes it possible to design choice stimuli that precisely vary the relationship between different discount rates. However, the additional control over the correlation between different discount rate parameters may require the researcher to either restrict the range that those rate parameters can take, or to expand the range of times the participant must wait for future rewards. delay discounting exponential discounting hyperbolic discounting arithmetic discounting model separation Excel Solver Social Sciences H Psychology Catherine H. Chen verfasserin aut Krishna Savani verfasserin aut Andreas Glöckner verfasserin aut Benjamin E. Hilbig verfasserin aut In Judgment and Decision Making Cambridge University Press, 2007 6(2011), Seite 759-770 (DE-627)529766574 (DE-600)2316185-1 19302975 nnns volume:6 year:2011 pages:759-770 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500004198 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d8966abcc41643c8bb1f9b2b25c6f3db kostenfrei https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1930297500004198/type/journal_article kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1930-2975 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2011 759-770
spelling	10.1017/S1930297500004198 doi (DE-627)DOAJ087822768 (DE-599)DOAJd8966abcc41643c8bb1f9b2b25c6f3db DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 John R. Doyle verfasserin aut New designs for research in delay discounting 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The two most influential models in delay discounting research have been the exponential (E) and hyperbolic (H) models. We develop a new methodology to design binary choice questions such that exponential and hyperbolic discount rates can be purposefully manipulated to make their rate parameters orthogonal (Pearson’s R = 0), negatively correlated (R = –1), positively correlated (R = +1), or to hold one rate constant while allowing the other to vary. Then we extend the method to similarly contrast different versions of the hyperboloid model. The arithmetic discounting model (A), which is based on differences between present and future rewards rather than their ratios, may easily be made orthogonal to any other pair of models. Our procedure makes it possible to design choice stimuli that precisely vary the relationship between different discount rates. However, the additional control over the correlation between different discount rate parameters may require the researcher to either restrict the range that those rate parameters can take, or to expand the range of times the participant must wait for future rewards. delay discounting exponential discounting hyperbolic discounting arithmetic discounting model separation Excel Solver Social Sciences H Psychology Catherine H. Chen verfasserin aut Krishna Savani verfasserin aut Andreas Glöckner verfasserin aut Benjamin E. Hilbig verfasserin aut In Judgment and Decision Making Cambridge University Press, 2007 6(2011), Seite 759-770 (DE-627)529766574 (DE-600)2316185-1 19302975 nnns volume:6 year:2011 pages:759-770 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500004198 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d8966abcc41643c8bb1f9b2b25c6f3db kostenfrei https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1930297500004198/type/journal_article kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1930-2975 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2011 759-770
allfields_unstemmed	10.1017/S1930297500004198 doi (DE-627)DOAJ087822768 (DE-599)DOAJd8966abcc41643c8bb1f9b2b25c6f3db DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 John R. Doyle verfasserin aut New designs for research in delay discounting 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The two most influential models in delay discounting research have been the exponential (E) and hyperbolic (H) models. We develop a new methodology to design binary choice questions such that exponential and hyperbolic discount rates can be purposefully manipulated to make their rate parameters orthogonal (Pearson’s R = 0), negatively correlated (R = –1), positively correlated (R = +1), or to hold one rate constant while allowing the other to vary. Then we extend the method to similarly contrast different versions of the hyperboloid model. The arithmetic discounting model (A), which is based on differences between present and future rewards rather than their ratios, may easily be made orthogonal to any other pair of models. Our procedure makes it possible to design choice stimuli that precisely vary the relationship between different discount rates. However, the additional control over the correlation between different discount rate parameters may require the researcher to either restrict the range that those rate parameters can take, or to expand the range of times the participant must wait for future rewards. delay discounting exponential discounting hyperbolic discounting arithmetic discounting model separation Excel Solver Social Sciences H Psychology Catherine H. Chen verfasserin aut Krishna Savani verfasserin aut Andreas Glöckner verfasserin aut Benjamin E. Hilbig verfasserin aut In Judgment and Decision Making Cambridge University Press, 2007 6(2011), Seite 759-770 (DE-627)529766574 (DE-600)2316185-1 19302975 nnns volume:6 year:2011 pages:759-770 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500004198 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d8966abcc41643c8bb1f9b2b25c6f3db kostenfrei https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1930297500004198/type/journal_article kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1930-2975 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2011 759-770
allfieldsGer	10.1017/S1930297500004198 doi (DE-627)DOAJ087822768 (DE-599)DOAJd8966abcc41643c8bb1f9b2b25c6f3db DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 John R. Doyle verfasserin aut New designs for research in delay discounting 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The two most influential models in delay discounting research have been the exponential (E) and hyperbolic (H) models. We develop a new methodology to design binary choice questions such that exponential and hyperbolic discount rates can be purposefully manipulated to make their rate parameters orthogonal (Pearson’s R = 0), negatively correlated (R = –1), positively correlated (R = +1), or to hold one rate constant while allowing the other to vary. Then we extend the method to similarly contrast different versions of the hyperboloid model. The arithmetic discounting model (A), which is based on differences between present and future rewards rather than their ratios, may easily be made orthogonal to any other pair of models. Our procedure makes it possible to design choice stimuli that precisely vary the relationship between different discount rates. However, the additional control over the correlation between different discount rate parameters may require the researcher to either restrict the range that those rate parameters can take, or to expand the range of times the participant must wait for future rewards. delay discounting exponential discounting hyperbolic discounting arithmetic discounting model separation Excel Solver Social Sciences H Psychology Catherine H. Chen verfasserin aut Krishna Savani verfasserin aut Andreas Glöckner verfasserin aut Benjamin E. Hilbig verfasserin aut In Judgment and Decision Making Cambridge University Press, 2007 6(2011), Seite 759-770 (DE-627)529766574 (DE-600)2316185-1 19302975 nnns volume:6 year:2011 pages:759-770 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500004198 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d8966abcc41643c8bb1f9b2b25c6f3db kostenfrei https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1930297500004198/type/journal_article kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1930-2975 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2011 759-770
allfieldsSound	10.1017/S1930297500004198 doi (DE-627)DOAJ087822768 (DE-599)DOAJd8966abcc41643c8bb1f9b2b25c6f3db DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 John R. Doyle verfasserin aut New designs for research in delay discounting 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The two most influential models in delay discounting research have been the exponential (E) and hyperbolic (H) models. We develop a new methodology to design binary choice questions such that exponential and hyperbolic discount rates can be purposefully manipulated to make their rate parameters orthogonal (Pearson’s R = 0), negatively correlated (R = –1), positively correlated (R = +1), or to hold one rate constant while allowing the other to vary. Then we extend the method to similarly contrast different versions of the hyperboloid model. The arithmetic discounting model (A), which is based on differences between present and future rewards rather than their ratios, may easily be made orthogonal to any other pair of models. Our procedure makes it possible to design choice stimuli that precisely vary the relationship between different discount rates. However, the additional control over the correlation between different discount rate parameters may require the researcher to either restrict the range that those rate parameters can take, or to expand the range of times the participant must wait for future rewards. delay discounting exponential discounting hyperbolic discounting arithmetic discounting model separation Excel Solver Social Sciences H Psychology Catherine H. Chen verfasserin aut Krishna Savani verfasserin aut Andreas Glöckner verfasserin aut Benjamin E. Hilbig verfasserin aut In Judgment and Decision Making Cambridge University Press, 2007 6(2011), Seite 759-770 (DE-627)529766574 (DE-600)2316185-1 19302975 nnns volume:6 year:2011 pages:759-770 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500004198 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d8966abcc41643c8bb1f9b2b25c6f3db kostenfrei https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1930297500004198/type/journal_article kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1930-2975 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2129 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2011 759-770
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topic_title	BF1-990 New designs for research in delay discounting delay discounting exponential discounting hyperbolic discounting arithmetic discounting model separation Excel Solver
topic	misc BF1-990 misc delay discounting misc exponential discounting misc hyperbolic discounting misc arithmetic discounting misc model separation misc Excel Solver misc Social Sciences misc H misc Psychology
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title	New designs for research in delay discounting
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title_auth	New designs for research in delay discounting
abstract	The two most influential models in delay discounting research have been the exponential (E) and hyperbolic (H) models. We develop a new methodology to design binary choice questions such that exponential and hyperbolic discount rates can be purposefully manipulated to make their rate parameters orthogonal (Pearson’s R = 0), negatively correlated (R = –1), positively correlated (R = +1), or to hold one rate constant while allowing the other to vary. Then we extend the method to similarly contrast different versions of the hyperboloid model. The arithmetic discounting model (A), which is based on differences between present and future rewards rather than their ratios, may easily be made orthogonal to any other pair of models. Our procedure makes it possible to design choice stimuli that precisely vary the relationship between different discount rates. However, the additional control over the correlation between different discount rate parameters may require the researcher to either restrict the range that those rate parameters can take, or to expand the range of times the participant must wait for future rewards.
abstractGer	The two most influential models in delay discounting research have been the exponential (E) and hyperbolic (H) models. We develop a new methodology to design binary choice questions such that exponential and hyperbolic discount rates can be purposefully manipulated to make their rate parameters orthogonal (Pearson’s R = 0), negatively correlated (R = –1), positively correlated (R = +1), or to hold one rate constant while allowing the other to vary. Then we extend the method to similarly contrast different versions of the hyperboloid model. The arithmetic discounting model (A), which is based on differences between present and future rewards rather than their ratios, may easily be made orthogonal to any other pair of models. Our procedure makes it possible to design choice stimuli that precisely vary the relationship between different discount rates. However, the additional control over the correlation between different discount rate parameters may require the researcher to either restrict the range that those rate parameters can take, or to expand the range of times the participant must wait for future rewards.
abstract_unstemmed	The two most influential models in delay discounting research have been the exponential (E) and hyperbolic (H) models. We develop a new methodology to design binary choice questions such that exponential and hyperbolic discount rates can be purposefully manipulated to make their rate parameters orthogonal (Pearson’s R = 0), negatively correlated (R = –1), positively correlated (R = +1), or to hold one rate constant while allowing the other to vary. Then we extend the method to similarly contrast different versions of the hyperboloid model. The arithmetic discounting model (A), which is based on differences between present and future rewards rather than their ratios, may easily be made orthogonal to any other pair of models. Our procedure makes it possible to design choice stimuli that precisely vary the relationship between different discount rates. However, the additional control over the correlation between different discount rate parameters may require the researcher to either restrict the range that those rate parameters can take, or to expand the range of times the participant must wait for future rewards.
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title_short	New designs for research in delay discounting
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Doyle</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">New designs for research in delay discounting</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The two most influential models in delay discounting research have been the exponential (E) and hyperbolic (H) models. 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However, the additional control over the correlation between different discount rate parameters may require the researcher to either restrict the range that those rate parameters can take, or to expand the range of times the participant must wait for future rewards.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">delay discounting</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">exponential discounting</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">hyperbolic discounting</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">arithmetic discounting</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">model separation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Excel Solver</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Social Sciences</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">H</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Psychology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Catherine H. 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