Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study

Abstract Background The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking....
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Heleen S. van der Heijden [verfasserIn] Frederike Schirmbeck [verfasserIn] Matthew J. Kempton [verfasserIn] Mark van der Gaag [verfasserIn] Kelly Allott [verfasserIn] Barnaby Nelson [verfasserIn] Stephan Ruhrmann [verfasserIn] Lieuwe de Haan [verfasserIn] Jentien M Vermeulen [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	clinical high risk cognition nicotine psychosis smoking

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: European Psychiatry - Cambridge University Press, 2020, 64(2021)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:64 ; year:2021

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ088115194

Internformat


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520			\|a Abstract Background The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. Method A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. Results At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. Conclusions No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation.
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allfields	10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 doi (DE-627)DOAJ088115194 (DE-599)DOAJe0f1de9369374abc8f3d520df3fbacc3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC435-571 Heleen S. van der Heijden verfasserin aut Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. Method A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. Results At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. Conclusions No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation. clinical high risk cognition nicotine psychosis smoking Psychiatry Frederike Schirmbeck verfasserin aut Matthew J. Kempton verfasserin aut Mark van der Gaag verfasserin aut Kelly Allott verfasserin aut Barnaby Nelson verfasserin aut Stephan Ruhrmann verfasserin aut Lieuwe de Haan verfasserin aut Jentien M Vermeulen verfasserin aut In European Psychiatry Cambridge University Press, 2020 64(2021) (DE-627)320445070 (DE-600)2005377-0 17783585 nnns volume:64 year:2021 https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e0f1de9369374abc8f3d520df3fbacc3 kostenfrei https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821022331/type/journal_article kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0924-9338 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1778-3585 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_217 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 64 2021
spelling	10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 doi (DE-627)DOAJ088115194 (DE-599)DOAJe0f1de9369374abc8f3d520df3fbacc3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC435-571 Heleen S. van der Heijden verfasserin aut Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. Method A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. Results At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. Conclusions No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation. clinical high risk cognition nicotine psychosis smoking Psychiatry Frederike Schirmbeck verfasserin aut Matthew J. Kempton verfasserin aut Mark van der Gaag verfasserin aut Kelly Allott verfasserin aut Barnaby Nelson verfasserin aut Stephan Ruhrmann verfasserin aut Lieuwe de Haan verfasserin aut Jentien M Vermeulen verfasserin aut In European Psychiatry Cambridge University Press, 2020 64(2021) (DE-627)320445070 (DE-600)2005377-0 17783585 nnns volume:64 year:2021 https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e0f1de9369374abc8f3d520df3fbacc3 kostenfrei https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821022331/type/journal_article kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0924-9338 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1778-3585 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_217 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 64 2021
allfields_unstemmed	10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 doi (DE-627)DOAJ088115194 (DE-599)DOAJe0f1de9369374abc8f3d520df3fbacc3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC435-571 Heleen S. van der Heijden verfasserin aut Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. Method A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. Results At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. Conclusions No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation. clinical high risk cognition nicotine psychosis smoking Psychiatry Frederike Schirmbeck verfasserin aut Matthew J. Kempton verfasserin aut Mark van der Gaag verfasserin aut Kelly Allott verfasserin aut Barnaby Nelson verfasserin aut Stephan Ruhrmann verfasserin aut Lieuwe de Haan verfasserin aut Jentien M Vermeulen verfasserin aut In European Psychiatry Cambridge University Press, 2020 64(2021) (DE-627)320445070 (DE-600)2005377-0 17783585 nnns volume:64 year:2021 https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e0f1de9369374abc8f3d520df3fbacc3 kostenfrei https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821022331/type/journal_article kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0924-9338 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1778-3585 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_217 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 64 2021
allfieldsGer	10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 doi (DE-627)DOAJ088115194 (DE-599)DOAJe0f1de9369374abc8f3d520df3fbacc3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC435-571 Heleen S. van der Heijden verfasserin aut Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. Method A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. Results At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. Conclusions No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation. clinical high risk cognition nicotine psychosis smoking Psychiatry Frederike Schirmbeck verfasserin aut Matthew J. Kempton verfasserin aut Mark van der Gaag verfasserin aut Kelly Allott verfasserin aut Barnaby Nelson verfasserin aut Stephan Ruhrmann verfasserin aut Lieuwe de Haan verfasserin aut Jentien M Vermeulen verfasserin aut In European Psychiatry Cambridge University Press, 2020 64(2021) (DE-627)320445070 (DE-600)2005377-0 17783585 nnns volume:64 year:2021 https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e0f1de9369374abc8f3d520df3fbacc3 kostenfrei https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821022331/type/journal_article kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0924-9338 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1778-3585 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_217 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 64 2021
allfieldsSound	10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 doi (DE-627)DOAJ088115194 (DE-599)DOAJe0f1de9369374abc8f3d520df3fbacc3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RC435-571 Heleen S. van der Heijden verfasserin aut Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. Method A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. Results At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. Conclusions No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation. clinical high risk cognition nicotine psychosis smoking Psychiatry Frederike Schirmbeck verfasserin aut Matthew J. Kempton verfasserin aut Mark van der Gaag verfasserin aut Kelly Allott verfasserin aut Barnaby Nelson verfasserin aut Stephan Ruhrmann verfasserin aut Lieuwe de Haan verfasserin aut Jentien M Vermeulen verfasserin aut In European Psychiatry Cambridge University Press, 2020 64(2021) (DE-627)320445070 (DE-600)2005377-0 17783585 nnns volume:64 year:2021 https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e0f1de9369374abc8f3d520df3fbacc3 kostenfrei https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821022331/type/journal_article kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0924-9338 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1778-3585 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_217 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_374 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 64 2021
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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Heleen S. van der Heijden
spellingShingle	Heleen S. van der Heijden misc RC435-571 misc clinical high risk misc cognition misc nicotine misc psychosis misc smoking misc Psychiatry Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study
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topic_title	RC435-571 Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study clinical high risk cognition nicotine psychosis smoking
topic	misc RC435-571 misc clinical high risk misc cognition misc nicotine misc psychosis misc smoking misc Psychiatry
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title	Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study
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author_browse	Heleen S. van der Heijden Frederike Schirmbeck Matthew J. Kempton Mark van der Gaag Kelly Allott Barnaby Nelson Stephan Ruhrmann Lieuwe de Haan Jentien M Vermeulen
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title_sort	impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: a longitudinal study
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title_auth	Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study
abstract	Abstract Background The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. Method A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. Results At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. Conclusions No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation.
abstractGer	Abstract Background The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. Method A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. Results At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. Conclusions No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Background The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. Method A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. Results At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. Conclusions No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation.
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title_short	Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study
url	https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 https://doaj.org/article/e0f1de9369374abc8f3d520df3fbacc3 https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933821022331/type/journal_article https://doaj.org/toc/0924-9338 https://doaj.org/toc/1778-3585
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However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. Method A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. Results At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. Conclusions No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. 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Impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study

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