Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani

Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A....
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Autor*in:	Chen Wang [verfasserIn] Jinhui Wang [verfasserIn] Dai Zhang [verfasserIn] Jianing Cheng [verfasserIn] Jiehua Zhu [verfasserIn] Zhihui Yang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2023

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: PLoS ONE - Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007, 18(2023), 3
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:18 ; year:2023 ; number:3

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ088179540

Internformat


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520			\|a Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. These results strongly supported that AsCEP50 is an important pathogenic factor at the infection stage and contributes to the virulence of Alternaria solani.
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912			\|a GBV_ILN_4325
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4335
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allfields	(DE-627)DOAJ088179540 (DE-599)DOAJc95207e62b844048b9f607c72358fdb0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Chen Wang verfasserin aut Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. These results strongly supported that AsCEP50 is an important pathogenic factor at the infection stage and contributes to the virulence of Alternaria solani. Medicine R Science Q Jinhui Wang verfasserin aut Dai Zhang verfasserin aut Jianing Cheng verfasserin aut Jiehua Zhu verfasserin aut Zhihui Yang verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 18(2023), 3 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:18 year:2023 number:3 https://doaj.org/article/c95207e62b844048b9f607c72358fdb0 kostenfrei https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987770/?tool=EBI kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2023 3
spelling	(DE-627)DOAJ088179540 (DE-599)DOAJc95207e62b844048b9f607c72358fdb0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Chen Wang verfasserin aut Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. These results strongly supported that AsCEP50 is an important pathogenic factor at the infection stage and contributes to the virulence of Alternaria solani. Medicine R Science Q Jinhui Wang verfasserin aut Dai Zhang verfasserin aut Jianing Cheng verfasserin aut Jiehua Zhu verfasserin aut Zhihui Yang verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 18(2023), 3 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:18 year:2023 number:3 https://doaj.org/article/c95207e62b844048b9f607c72358fdb0 kostenfrei https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987770/?tool=EBI kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2023 3
allfields_unstemmed	(DE-627)DOAJ088179540 (DE-599)DOAJc95207e62b844048b9f607c72358fdb0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Chen Wang verfasserin aut Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. These results strongly supported that AsCEP50 is an important pathogenic factor at the infection stage and contributes to the virulence of Alternaria solani. Medicine R Science Q Jinhui Wang verfasserin aut Dai Zhang verfasserin aut Jianing Cheng verfasserin aut Jiehua Zhu verfasserin aut Zhihui Yang verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 18(2023), 3 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:18 year:2023 number:3 https://doaj.org/article/c95207e62b844048b9f607c72358fdb0 kostenfrei https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987770/?tool=EBI kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2023 3
allfieldsGer	(DE-627)DOAJ088179540 (DE-599)DOAJc95207e62b844048b9f607c72358fdb0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Chen Wang verfasserin aut Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. These results strongly supported that AsCEP50 is an important pathogenic factor at the infection stage and contributes to the virulence of Alternaria solani. Medicine R Science Q Jinhui Wang verfasserin aut Dai Zhang verfasserin aut Jianing Cheng verfasserin aut Jiehua Zhu verfasserin aut Zhihui Yang verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 18(2023), 3 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:18 year:2023 number:3 https://doaj.org/article/c95207e62b844048b9f607c72358fdb0 kostenfrei https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987770/?tool=EBI kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2023 3
allfieldsSound	(DE-627)DOAJ088179540 (DE-599)DOAJc95207e62b844048b9f607c72358fdb0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Chen Wang verfasserin aut Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani 2023 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. These results strongly supported that AsCEP50 is an important pathogenic factor at the infection stage and contributes to the virulence of Alternaria solani. Medicine R Science Q Jinhui Wang verfasserin aut Dai Zhang verfasserin aut Jianing Cheng verfasserin aut Jiehua Zhu verfasserin aut Zhihui Yang verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 18(2023), 3 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:18 year:2023 number:3 https://doaj.org/article/c95207e62b844048b9f607c72358fdb0 kostenfrei https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987770/?tool=EBI kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 18 2023 3
language	English
source	In PLoS ONE 18(2023), 3 volume:18 year:2023 number:3
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author	Chen Wang
spellingShingle	Chen Wang misc Medicine misc R misc Science misc Q Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani
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title	Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani
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title_full	Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani
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title_sort	identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by alternaria solani
title_auth	Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani
abstract	Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. These results strongly supported that AsCEP50 is an important pathogenic factor at the infection stage and contributes to the virulence of Alternaria solani.
abstractGer	Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. These results strongly supported that AsCEP50 is an important pathogenic factor at the infection stage and contributes to the virulence of Alternaria solani.
abstract_unstemmed	Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease that causes major yield losses of potato. Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. These results strongly supported that AsCEP50 is an important pathogenic factor at the infection stage and contributes to the virulence of Alternaria solani.
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title_short	Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani
url	https://doaj.org/article/c95207e62b844048b9f607c72358fdb0 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987770/?tool=EBI https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203
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Effector proteins secreted by pathogens to host cells can inhibit host immune response to pathogens. Currently, the function of effector proteins secreted by A. solani during infection is poorly understood. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel candidate effector protein, AsCEP50. AsCEP50 is a secreted protein that is highly expressed throughout the infection stages of A. solani. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato demonstrated that AsCEP50 is located on the plasma membrane of N. benthamiana and regulates senescence-related genes, resulting in the chlorosis of N. benthamiana and tomato leaves. Δ50 mutants were unaffected in vegetative growth, spore formation and mycelium morphology. However, the deletion of AsCEP50 significantly reduced virulence, melanin production and penetration of A. solani. 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Identification and functional analysis of protein secreted by Alternaria solani

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